Cultivation, varieties, processing of tomatoes (tomatoes) - councils of summer residents and truck farmers
Contents ✓
- ✓ Growing tomatoes - planting and care: reviews and advice from professionals
- ✓ NUANCES OF GROWING TOMATOES IN PROTECTED GROUND
- ✓ TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND
- ✓ VARIETY OF TOMATOES FOR GROWING IN OPEN GROUND
- ✓ VARIETY OF TOMATOES FOR GROWING IN PROTECTED GROUND
- ✓ DUTCH HORIZONTAL HYBRIDS OF TOMATOES
- ✓ BEST RECIPES FROM TOMATOES FROM OUR READERS
- ✓ USEFUL PROPERTIES OF TOMATOES
How to grow a good crop of tomatoes, varieties, care, handling and other advice from experienced truck farmers.
Growing tomatoes in the Far East
I decided to write about how to grow early tomatoes in the severe Far Eastern climate.
In our locality get an early harvest of vegetables, especially tomatoes, without a greenhouse is difficult. Thus, the average background of night temperatures in May usually does not exceed 8-10 °, and in addition to all the recurrent frosts occur. The greenhouse at me improvised, not warmed, from window frames, the area of 15 sq. m (length 5, width 3 and height in skate 2 m). The top is tightened with a film, which I do not take off for the winter.
The soil in the greenhouse is prepared in autumn immediately after harvesting. I spill the beds with a solution of copper sulfate and dig it. After digging the treatment with vitriol I repeat. It is necessary, because tomatoes in the greenhouse I grow several years in a row. In the middle of April, I fill the beds with plastic wrap for warming up the earth. In the beginning of May I dig them and prepare holes for planting (40 cm in the row and 60 cm between the rows), which I shed with a hot solution of potassium permanganate, which helps to avoid outbreaks of fungal diseases. After 2-3 days after watering in the holes I make garden humus, a glass of ash and a tablespoon of superphosphate. 7-10 May flowering, hardened, with a well-developed root system seedlings begin to plant in a greenhouse in the prepared wells.
Seedlings are grown in a traditional way with a pick and two transplants from small cups in 2-liter containers.
The soil for seedlings is harvested from autumn, I use a well-ripe compost.
For disinfecting the land and combating weeds, starting from January, several times I put it in a warm room, waiting for the appearance of weeds, and then again I stand in the frost. This helps to avoid a disease such as a black leg.
Seeds of tall and late varieties are sown in mid-February, early and medium-sized varieties
- at the end of February. Since the end of March, I have been exposing seedlings on the glazed south side of the loggia, where it develops, is tempered until the very landing in the ground. After transplanting seedlings into the greenhouse, I install arcs on the beds and cover the plantings with covering material, and at the end of the greenhouse I put a 200-liter metal barrel with water. The barrel stands until late autumn, periodically changing the water, using it for watering. I spend watering in 5-6 days, depending on the weather. Frequent watering is harmful - a powerful bush grows with a thick stem and large stepsons, which reduces productivity. Usually the plant itself tells you when it needs moisture. If the leaves noticeably fade, especially on the top of the bush, then moisture is not enough - watering is necessary.
The June harvest
My greenhouse is located from east to west. On the south side, I usually plant early and undersized varieties, and on the north - tall tomatoes, which I form in one stem and regularly stepson. During the growing season I carry out top dressing three times: during the period of fruit loading, during the period of the beginning of the collection of mature fruits and during the period of the mass collection of fruits.
D I administer the compost tea with composting tea with the addition of a complex mineral fertilizer (3 st.l of garden fertilizer mixture per 10 l of water) according to 2-4 l under the bush, depending on the condition of the plants, and only after pre-irrigation, since it is possible to burn the roots.
Tomatoes like moist soil. Therefore, a month after planting the seedlings, when the roots are shown at the surface of the ground and loosening is difficult, planting mulch foliage, straw, grass cut with a layer of 15-20, see Mulch allows you to keep the soil for a long time wet, prevents the appearance of weeds and helps to avoid excessive moisture in the greenhouse. When the air temperature rises (above 30 °), the greenhouse is ventilated, as pollen is sterilized at high temperature and is not capable of pollination. For this I open all the windows, the door, and if the temperature does not fall below 12 ° at night, I do not close the ventilation pane at night to avoid condensation on the ceiling.
For the prevention of phytophthora during the ripening of tomatoes I use the infusion of garlic. Its phytoncides help to destroy the pathogens of fungal diseases (200 g of garlic to pass through a meat grinder, pour a liter of water, insist in a closed pot for two days, then dilute in 10 l of water). Sprinkle better in the evening. Fruits treated with infusion of garlic, phytophthora does not touch even at air temperature + 4 °.
The first tomatoes in the greenhouse usually ripen at the end of June, the last I take off at the end of September. Of the early varieties in 2012, the Kemerovets tomatoes, Apparently invisible, pleased the crop from mid-season - Fidelino, Abakan pink, Volovye heart, all varieties - Siberian breeding. The tomato variety Cosmonaut Volkov turned out to be very fruitful. The bush is powerful, up to 2 m tall, the fruits are round, red, weighing up to 400 g, very beautiful and tasty.
V.Melnik.
Tomato records: on the bucket from the bush!
It is mistaken that the trucker who thinks that the new advertised tomato variety will give him a high yield without any trouble. Only after planting strong seedlings and carefully looking after it in the summer, you can remove really record harvests! During the years of truck farming, I brought out a number of fruitful rules for myself.
Good start
To seedlings were strong, be sure to harden it. And I land when the earth warms up to + 10 ... + 15 degrees. Otherwise, it will slow growth for a long time. I do not thicken the planting: 45-50 × 60 cm. I add superphosphate, ash and a little nitrogen fertilizer to the soil.
Feeding
I do the first in early June, processing bushes on leaves with urea (1 tbsp per bucket of water). True, I spray only in the case of nitrogen starvation (the leaves turn yellow, starting from the lower ones). The second time I feed, when on the first inflorescence ovaries are formed: 20-25 g superphosphate and 15-20 g of potassium sulfate for 1 sq. (I scatter under the bushes). When fruits appear, for more intensive filling I feed tomatoes with complex mineral fertilizer (50-70 g per 10 L of water) and ash (2 item per 1 sq.m). These additives provide plants with microelements and make tomatoes more sweet.
Mulch
As the earth at me easy and a moisture keeps badly, after watering the ground for reduction of an evaporation mulch a layer of the cut grass.
FACT: GREEN TOMATOES RIPE IF YOU WILL STORE THEM TOGETHER WITH APPLES. HERE IF KEEPING TOMATOES IN COLD - THIS REDUCES THEIR TASTE AND QUALITY.
Pollination
In June-July tomatoes are actively blooming. For a more reliable pollination of the plant clock in 11 am shaking.
In complex brushes, there are a lot of flowers, some of which are very late with the opening (it lasts 2-3 days) compared to the main mass of flowers in this brush. Such lagging flowers I delete even in simple brushes.
Often the flowers of modern hybrids are an inflorescence of several intergrown simple flowers. Some of them are especially large and complex (usually the first flower in the brush). I also delete such flowers, because from them normal fruits are not formed.
If during the flowering the cloudy weather stands, the pollen becomes heavy and sticky, the fruits are tied badly. Then plants sprayed with a solution of boric acid (2 g per Yul water) or Ovary (according to instructions). If the weather does not improve, I repeat processing after 2-3 days.
In the greenhouse I hang a thermometer at about 1 m from the ground. The temperature is above + 32 degrees, making the pollen sterile, so I lower the degree by airing, shading and even opening the top (the roof design allows).
Formation
Living in the Leningrad region, stepchina almost all tomatoes, otherwise the harvest will not have time to ripen. I remove the stepsons as soon as they can be grasped with my fingers - at this time they easily break out without leaving a big wound, and the place of scrapping quickly overgrows.
I can leave only one strong stepchild under the first brush to let the bush into two stems.
Sometimes the main stem splits - and then I remove one of the two formed crowns. In semi-determinant varieties, which sometimes stop growing early, always leave the on-duty stepson, which then becomes the main stalk. In three stems, tomatoes never form - part of the fruit in this bush will not only not ripen, but it will not even reach the normal size. The smaller the stems on the plant, the earlier fruits will ripen on it.
Large and without cracks: there is a secret!
When the fruits reach the size of a pea, between the rows of tomatoes in the grooves lay half-decomposed manure or not completely decomposed compost. As a result, even relatively small-fruited varieties give rather large fruits.
This taught me our fellow countryman, the famous gardener Vladimir the Strong. By the way, before lay out the manure on the entire surface of the bed, but it dried up, which was not as effective as with grooves.
And again: if the manure is put earlier than the tomatoes begin to form, the plants will be fattened, the fruits will turn out to be tasteless, they may have cracks, ugliness.
Love BOBROVSKAYA, Saint-Petersburg
Note: tomatoes are good and bad
Benefit
In case of metabolic disorders, pass through the meat grinder 1 kg fresh tomatoes, mix with grated garlic, horseradish, apple Antonovka (according to 300 g each). Take 2 st.l. on an empty stomach.
When atherosclerosis, prepare from ripe fruit juice with pulp, but without the skin. Drink on 1 art. three times a day for 10 minutes before meals.
Harm
Tomatoes are not recommended for gallstones, stomach ulcers and pancreatitis in the acute stage.
Love Zaitseva, herbalist, Adygea
70 kg? Is quite real!
In addition to feeding, shaping and protecting against diseases and pests, truck farmers try to get the maximum harvest of tomatoes also due to unconventional planting.
1 method
Stem of the tomato during planting is laid horizontally and buried. So the bush builds up a powerful root system, gives strong shoots and a good harvest. But this works only if the variety is indeterminate, i.e. has an unlimited growth of the tip.
2 method
Seedlings are planted in an old box or a metal barrel without a bottom with small holes in the sides every 20 cm. The container is filled in with a third or a quarter of compost, turf and humus in equal parts. When the seedlings get accustomed, the lower leaves are cut off and the stalk is sprinkled with a layer of the same mixture in 5-10 cm.
The operation is repeated, it costs the plant to grow another 10 cm, - so, until the container is filled with soil to the top.
In order for the tomatoes to thank the generous harvest, and not the corn on the fat land, I delete the unnecessary stepchildren immediately after their appearance. As soon as the flowers are pollinated, the leaf under the brush and above it is removed (but not all leaves, because they are needed for photosynthesis!).
From this, the fruits are well lit by the sun, the air in the greenhouse does not stagnate, the bushes are ventilated.
Olga RUBTSOVA, Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad region.
Tomatoes: two shrubs in one hole
Goal
Hearing that some get the best yields of tomatoes in the open ground, planting two bushes per hole, I decided to test the method, and on plants and tall (indeterminate) and low (determinant) varieties.
Experiment
As always, seedlings in open ground under temporary shelter from the film on the arches were planted by transshipment and spilled with warm water. He prepared the holes according to the scheme of 40 × 50-60 cm and planted two plants in each, and also deepened the seedlings of tall tomatoes a little, because she was quite elongated.
Caring for "double" bushes did not differ from traditional agricultural techniques: watering, loosening, mulching and feeding in grooves in plants with a solution of Mullein (1: 15). Only formed them in another way: on the determinants left on 3-5 stems on each plant, and indeterminate allowed in one stem (usually - in two).
Experience the Power of Effective Results
"Doubled" tomatoes quickly gained strength and began to tie fruit not worse than those bushes that grew one by one in the hole. It became more difficult in the summer. "Double" low tomatoes formed thicker thickets, and it was extremely important to puncture and thin them in time. With tall ones it was easier at first, but later it turned out that it was in vain forming them in one stem, because they began to stretch excessively upwards and rest against a temporary shelter. And their stepchildren grew too actively. Judging by their appearance, they would have enough food for a two-stem formation.
Next time I'll do it. When the fruit-bearing was finally over, he summed up the results. Despite the difficult season, the "double" bushes showed themselves from the very best side. Specially did not count, but visually the yield on these plants was noticeably higher than on the single ones. Fruits also did not disappoint - they ripened on time and were not any smaller. So in this season, some tomatoes will again grow two in the hole, and the stunted will even plant three - and then the result will be even better ?!
Growing tomatoes - planting and care: reviews and advice from professionals
It’s hard to find someone who wouldn’t like tomatoes. This vegetable is consumed fresh, actively used for the preparation of salads and preservation. In our region, this thermophilic culture is most often grown in sheltered soil, however, tomato varieties resistant to adverse weather conditions and temperature extremes can be found on sale. So, now tomatoes can be safely grown not only in a greenhouse or greenhouse, but also in open ground - and without risking being left without a crop.
According to the varietal characteristics of tomatoes are divided into non-punched and stamping. The first (they are also called ordinary or lodging) have a thin stalk, branch quite strongly during cultivation and need support. Stem plants are stunted. They have a dense stem, do not stretch even in low light and are mainly represented by early and medium early varieties. Separately, one can distinguish "potato" tomatoes, which got their name due to the shape of the leaves, however, they are not often found in our country and household plots.
Choosing varieties of tomatoes, it is worth paying attention to the nature of their growth and the strength of branching.
To the merits indeterminate (tall) tomatoes can be attributed the ability to grow and bear fruit all year round under favorable conditions (a sufficient level of illumination and an appropriate temperature regime). However, the harvest ripens quite late, so in Belarus and in middle lane of Russia in the open ground such tomatoes are advisable to grow only in hot summer.
Determinant (low-growing) tomatoes, on the contrary, are represented mainly by early and mid-early varieties, and a considerable part of the crop can be harvested in the first 25 days from the beginning of fruiting. The most capricious and demanding conditions for growth are superdeterminant varieties of tomatoes. More than half of the harvest from these stunted tomatoes is also obtained in the first 25 days from the beginning of fruiting.
Add to Wishlist: Vegetation period:
- in early ripening varieties - up to 100 days;
- in medium early varieties - from 100 to 110 days;
- in mid-ripening varieties - from 111 to 115 days;
- in medium-late varieties - from 116 to 120 days;
- in later varieties - more than 120 days.
NUANCES OF GROWING TOMATOES IN PROTECTED GROUND
To get a good tomato crop in a greenhouse or greenhouse, it is important to correctly determine the date of planting. In our region, experts recommend planting tomato seedlings in heated, glazed greenhouses at the end of April. If the greenhouse is not equipped with a heating system, but is equipped with additional film shelter indoors, young plants can be planted from May 5 to 10. If the greenhouse is not heated and does not have additional insulation - not earlier than May 20-25. But under the film cover in the open ground tomatoes! can be planted only at the end of May.
By the way, optimal for planting tomato seedlings! in the greenhouse is considered the temperature of the soil 10-15 ° C, and the air in it should warm up to 2025 degrees with a plus sign.
One of the factors that significantly influences the quality and quantity of the crop is plant planting schemes.
If the choice is made in favor of early ripening varieties, the plant should be staggered: two rows with a distance between them about 50 cm. The distance between the bush should be about 40 cm. With time, plants are recommended to form in the 2-3 stalk.
Stamp and determinant tomatoes are best planted at a distance of about 25 cm from each other. As for gaps between rows, they are most often left within 50 cm. In other words, 1 m2 soils need to "plant" no more than 10 tomato bush.
Fans of tall giant tomatoes can also adopt a chessboard landing procedure. However, in this case, the distance between the rows must be increased to 80 cm, and the bushes themselves should be located at least half a meter from each other (if the plants will form in one stem) or at a distance of 75 cm - when forming in two stems.
I do so
Once I read in one of the magazines that experts advise to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse at the age of about 50 days, because by this time the plants have time to form a strong root system and have every chance to take root in a new place. I have been following this rule for several years now and am very pleased with the result.
It is good to plant seedlings in a greenhouse on a warm (but not hot!) Day. I try to do this in the late afternoon. Somewhere an hour before transplanting, I water the seedlings well - this helps to easily extract the plants and not damage their roots. If I see that the roots have grown a lot, I shorten them, but not more than a couple of centimeters. After watering the seedlings, I dig holes about 15 cm deep and pour in each a handful of humus or wood ash. Additionally, add 1 tsp. crushed superphosphate. After that, I pour 2 liters of a weak solution of potassium permanganate each well.
I transplant tomato bushes into holes with a lump of earth, arranging the young plants vertically and deepening them to the first leaves. Sometimes there is no way to plant seedlings in the greenhouse on time (inappropriate weather conditions or you can’t get to the cottage) - and it outgrows. Before, I immediately wrote off such plants until I learned one trick from a neighbor: overgrown seedlings should be placed obliquely in the holes and sprinkled with the ground also part of the stem.
Specialists advise that when planting tomato seedlings, immediately put pegs for each garter around each bush. If done later, there is a great risk of damage to the root system of plants.
There are several ways of tying tomatoes growing in a greenhouse. For medium-height varieties, it is easiest to use wooden pegs, metal rods or thin plastic tubes. The main thing is that their length should be at least 25 cm more than the height of an adult plant. The trunk of the tomato bush is wound with a dressing material and fastened to the support, repeating the whole procedure as the plant grows.
After planting the seedlings, I gently press the earth in the hole with my hands, compact and mulch. If possible, immediately spray with Bordeaux liquid - for the prevention of late blight. I prepare the solution as follows: 100 g of Bordeaux liquid per 10 liters of water. By the way, the treatment with copper chloride is also a good result - 40 g per 10 l of water.
After all the manipulations, I leave the plants alone for a few days so that they adapt to the new conditions. About a week after planting, the ground around the bushes slightly loosen.
By the way, I heard that some truck farmers advise planting tomatoes in the greenhouse by the method "in the mud", when the hole is first fully filled with water, and only then plant the seedlings in the resulting earthy living. It seems like, in this case, the roots are more evenly distributed in the soil. This approach seems interesting to me, and this year I will definitely test it in my garden.
Veronika SALKEVICH, Grodno
But in the case of giants (indeterminate species in conditions of protected soil can grow to 5 m and more), it is better to spend a little time and effort and build trellises. This design will save valuable land meters in the greenhouse and place on 1 m2 up to 4 tomato bushes.
To build a trellis for tomatoes in the greenhouse, long stakes are driven along the bed and every year 40 cm is pulled by steel wire or a strong twine. As the branches grow and the stem of the plant is placed between the stretched string (according to the braid method).
If the tomatoes in the greenhouse are grown using trellis, the plants can not remove side shoots. Thanks to this, the yield increases.
Having completed the process of garter, you need to start the formation of plants. The indeterminate varieties most often form into one stem, the semi-determinant varieties into two.
Another operation that tomato lovers will have to master is plant pinching. So experts call the removal of lateral shoots formed in the axils of the leaves in young tomato bushes. The time of the first pinching occurs when the length of the lateral shoots reaches 15-20 cm. The lateral processes are gently broken off or cut off. Mid-ripening and late tomato varieties are in great need of pinching, but early ripening stepsoning is not necessary.
In greenhouse plants, stepsons are gradually removed, as they develop. Experts advise to carry out this procedure once a week. It is also important to make sure that the side shoot is completely removed during operation, otherwise there is a risk of infection of plants with gray mold.
It is not necessary to conduct pasynkovanie plants in a strong heat
I do so
When the tomatoes start to fill up, I delete the lower leaves on the bushes. This contributes to good ventilation and reduces humidity.
Tatyana Oleg VRUBLYOVSKAYA
The temperature regime in the greenhouse largely depends on the level of illumination. In cloudy weather, the temperature in the greenhouse should be about 20 degrees during the day and about 17 degrees at night. In sunny weather, the air temperature can be increased to 22 and 18 degrees with a plus sign, respectively.
Do not forget to ventilate the greenhouse so that the air temperature and humidity in it are optimal for tomatoes. It is important to open the windows from the side opposite to the direction of the wind.
Sprinkle hothouse tomatoes often, but in small doses and necessarily warm (not lower than 15 ° C) water. Ideally, use the drip irrigation method. It is important to ensure that the soil is wet, but not wet.
Note:
With irregular watering, cracking of the fruit can occur - most often in the ripening phase.
This culture is quite responsive to fertilizing. After planting the seedlings, it can be supplemented twice with mineral fertilizers with a sufficient amount of phosphorus. During the flowering period, you can treat the plants with a nutritious "cocktail": 25 g of nitrogen, 15 g of potash and 40 g of phosphate fertilizers are dissolved in 10 l of water and watered tomatoes at the rate of 1 l at 1 m2. In the period of fruiting, it is desirable to feed tomatoes organic: 2 l ash pour 10 l of hot water, add a bubble of iodine and 15 g of boric acid. The resulting fertilizer is insisted for 24 hours, diluted with water at the rate of 1 l mixture to 1 bucket of water and watered the plants: you will need 1 l to 1 bush.
I do so
Tomato is a self-pollinating plant, but in the greenhouse this process sometimes gives a “glitch”. You can help the plant by tapping the stem or shaking flower brushes. And I advise you to hang an open jar of honey or jam at the entrance to the greenhouse - a treat will attract pollinating insects to the greenhouse.
Inna MISCHUK
Working on the glory, you can start harvesting. The morning is best for this. The harvest must be immediately sorted out. Immature fruit should be placed in wooden boxes with a capacity of no more than 10 kg in two or three layers. If you add a few fully ripened tomatoes to them, the rest will reach the required condition much faster.
In order for the tomatoes to ripen more quickly, they must be placed on the shelves in three layers with stems up in a room with low humidity and high (about 25 degrees) temperature.
In order to delay the maturation period, immature fruits are placed in wooden boxes in one layer in a room with a temperature of about 10 ° C and humidity of no more than 85%. In this case, the process will take about 2 months.
TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND
Before planting tomatoes in open ground, you need to choose a suitable area for them - sunny, protected from drafts and cold winds, with light nutritious soil.
The best predecessors for this culture are carrots, cucumbers and onions. But after potatoes, aubergines and peppers, it is better not to plant tomatoes, as plants can be affected by the same diseases and pests.
In spring, the bed on which the tomatoes will grow is fertilized (per 1 m2) with a mixture of bird droppings (1 kg), wood ash (1,5 kg) and ammonium sulfate (20-25 g). Another option - 1 g of superphosphate, 2 g of ammonium nitrate and 55 g of potassium chloride are added per 20 m15.
Form ridges begin about a week before the intended planting of tomatoes. Their width is usually 100-120 cm, height - about 20 cm.The distance between the beds is approximately 70 cm.
After the threat of spring frost passes, you can plant tomato seedlings in open ground. In our region, this time usually comes in late May - early June. It is best to transplant young plants on a cloudy day or in the evening.
Most often, tomatoes are planted in two rows. For short stems and determinant varieties between rows, the distance is 40-50 cm, and the interval between plants is about 30 cm. For medium-sized tomatoes, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, and the bushes themselves should be at a distance of 40 -45
Note
The square-nesting method of planting will not only facilitate the care of plants, but will also create more favorable conditions for them. Seedlings in this case are planted according to the scheme:
- standard and determinant varieties: 70 × 70 cm, 2-3 plants for one nest;
- early ripening varieties with a spreading bush: 70 × 70 cm, in a pair of plants in one hole;
- medium and late ripe tomatoes: 70 × 70 cm, 1 bush in one nest or 90 × 90 cm - 2 plants each.
I do so
I really like tomatoes and grow them not the first year. Personally, I like to plant them in a belt-and-nest way, because so on my small plot I can place the maximum number of plants. The specificity of this method lies in the fact that irrigation grooves need to be cut at a distance of about 130 cm from each other. Tomato bushes are planted on both sides of the furrows. I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that I plant not one but a few bushes in the hole. "In the company" they are better against the vagaries of the weather. As tomatoes grow, we remove the weaker germs.
Tatiana Budnik
Before planting, you need to prepare holes of depth 10-15 cm, spill them with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and apply mineral fertilizers mixed with humus in the proportion of 1: 3.
Plants are placed in a hole with a lump of earth vertically and sprinkled with soil. As with cultivation in sheltered ground, experts advise immediately to drive pegs for garter near each bush. Perform it at the level of the second sheet, and then - as necessary.
Most often, gardeners choose low-to-medium and medium-sized varieties of tomatoes, which also need a garter, to grow in open ground. On the one hand, caring for tied plants is more convenient and easier, on the other hand, the bushes will not break under the weight of the fruit.
I do so
I want to draw the readers' attention to the fact that when tying tomatoes, only the new garter material can be used. When using pro-hlogodnego there is a risk to pass on to young plants diseases, which had to be fought before. You can use a woven tape, laces or just tear the strip on an old sheet. But I advise you to abandon the use of wire once and for all, because it will rub the stem and injure the plant.
Anna BATURO
To the garter of tomatoes, they start after they grow 4-5-th present leaflet. Usually during the growing season, 3-4 garters are required. It is important to remember that you need to tie the plants under a brush with fruits. Thus, they are well illuminated and ventilated, do not come into contact with the ground, and therefore are less prone to disease and pests.
For medium-sized plants, large-bodied and abundantly fruit bearing, it is best to construct trellises: install columns in the rows about 1,2-1,5 m in height; after each 25 cm, drive nails into them, and attach horizontal rails with twine or wire.
It is advisable to mulch the soil around plants with rotted manure, peat, sawdust, straw - a layer of about 10 cm.
To protect from the vagaries of the weather, immediately after planting, young plants are covered with a transparent film with holes - it will protect the tomatoes until the threat of freezing disappears. In Belarus and in the middle zone of Russia - until about June 5-10.
It is desirable that each bush daily receives about 2,5 liters of water, but it is quite difficult to provide such regular watering to many of us. Alternatively, the plants are abundantly watered 2-3 times a week, and then loosened the soil to avoid forming a soil crust.
Tomato bushes are prone to branching and need pasynkovaniya. Specialists recommend leaving only the main stem on the plants, removing their stepsons in time. The fact is that they take nutrients from the plant and interfere with the rapid ripening of the fruit. If you leave one stepon on the stem (the very first one), you can get a bush consisting of two stems.
Council
When removing stepsons, in no case do not tear them, but cut them out or gently break them out. To do this, you need to grab your stepson with your forefinger and thumbs, gently pull sideways and break off. If the stepsons have grown too large, it is better to cut them with a sharp knife.
VARIETY OF TOMATOES FOR GROWING IN OPEN GROUND
Early varieties:
Hybrid Euro F1. Semi-determinant medium-sized tomato. Fruit mass - from 70 to 120 g. Productivity - 11-15 kg / m2.
Variety Motto. A determinant undersized plant suitable for growing under light film shelters. The fruit mass is from 60 to 100 g. The variety is partially resistant to a number of diseases: late blight, fusarium, cladosporiosis.
Grade Emerald. Determinant Plants are stunted. The average fruit mass is 80 g. The advantages of the variety include high productivity and excellent taste qualities of volumes. The variety is resistant to late blight.
Kroha cultivar is appreciated for a rather short period of vegetation - in terms of maturity, it is ahead of its "counterparts" by almost a week. Rounded red fruits weigh about 35 g. They have a juicy and sweet taste.
Variety Praleska. Determinant medium-sized plants. The fruit mass is about 100 g, the shape is round-flat. Tomatoes are good for fresh consumption and canning. The plants are resistant to fluorose, responsive to top dressing and watering.
Hybrid Storm F1. Half-deterministic medium-sized tomato. Valued for high yield (11-15 kg / m2). The weight of the fruit reaches 120. Tomatoes are suitable for canning.
Variety Fire. Determinant medium-height plants. The fruit weight reaches 110. The variety is resistant to many diseases.
Profitable variety has been grown in Belarus for a long time and quite successfully. Unpretentious in leaving. Determinant, bush height - from 50 to 70 cm. Red fruits weighing from 60 to 90 g. Plants of this variety consistently give a high yield.
Sort of Ratza. The determinant srednerosly. Fruits are red round-stretched mass up to 70. The variety is resistant to the main types of diseases. Plants are responsive to watering and feeding.
Variety Early-310. Determinant medium-to-large tomato. Fruits are red with weight from 50 to 90. Tomatoes of this grade are appreciated for excellent taste qualities and high content of vitamin C, as well as for good yield.
Medium-early varieties:
flat-rounded fruits.
Tomatoes with vegetation period from 95 to 115 days can be grown outdoors. However, it is best to give preference to determinant and semi-determinant varieties.
Variety Kaltka. Determinant medium-sized. The fruit mass is about 70 g; the palatability is excellent. The variety is characterized by high and stable yield.
Variety Gift. Low-growing bushes rise above the ground by less than 50 cm, but the mass of fruits can reach 120 g. Yield - up to 8 kg / m2. Tomatoes are tasty and juicy, universal.
Variety Prize. The deterministic undersized (40-45 cm) plants. Fruits weighing about 70 g can be used for pickling.
Variety of Peramog. The half-determinant is medium-sized. Mass varies from 100 to 130. The variety is characterized by stable yield.
Variety of Vilina. Plants are medium-sized determinant. Fruits weighing about 80 g are valued for their excellent taste.
Variety Rouge. Determinant medium-sized plants. Fruit weight - from 60 to 90 g. Tomatoes are suitable for fresh consumption and preservation.
Variety Orange-1. Determinant. Round fruits of unusual orange color with smooth skin have mass from 90 to 120 g and differ in high content of carotene.
Sort of Veja. Indeterminate tall plants. Fruits weighing from 80 to 120. Variety is valued for the excellent taste properties of tomatoes and high yields.
Hybrid Boom F1. Half-determinant harvested hybrid (12-16 kg / m2). The mass of fruits reaches 120. Tomatoes of universal purpose: they are used for salads and all kinds of winter preparations.
Variety Agate. Determinant undersized. The fruit mass is about 100 g. The variety is resistant to common diseases.
Hybrid Start F1. Indeterminate high-yielding (1215 kg / m2). The fruit mass is from 100 to 130 g. Tomatoes of universal purpose have excellent commodity and consumer characteristics.
VARIETY OF TOMATOES FOR GROWING IN PROTECTED GROUND
Start. Tall plants (reach 180 cm) are indeterminate. In greenhouses, tall bushes can be tied immediately to a stable frame, without worrying about the construction of trellises. Plants need pinching at all stages of the growing season. Bushes form in 2-3 stems. Standard care: watering, loosening, weeding, top dressing. The growing season is about 90 days.
Ripe fruits are fleshy, dense and sweet, painted bright red. The peel of vegetables is thin, but strong. The mass of oval fruits does not exceed 50 g. The advantages of the variety include high productivity - more than 15 kg / m2.
Early 83. Low-growing high-yielding determinant variety. Resistant to a number of diseases (including late blight). Valued for a short period of fruit ripening (approximately 95 days). The fruits are small (80-95 g) of red color. Suitable for fresh consumption as well as for canning, pickling, juices and mashed potatoes. The advantages of the variety include good productivity - about 8 kg / m2.
White filling. The tomatoes of this sort are somewhat like apples, although they are painted in red. Plants are small (4550 cm). Do not need a garter and pasynkovanii. Productivity is good (over 8 kg / m2) The mass of fruits is from 80 to 140 g. Fruits are valued for juicy and tender pulp containing a lot of sugars and ascorbic acid. Tomatoes of this variety are widely used for making mashed potatoes and juices. In sheltered soil, the fruits ripen on average in 95 days.
Baby F1. The plant is superdeterminant, resistant to most diseases. No garter required. Low-growing (up to 50 cm) bushes give a high yield - up to 10 kg / m2. Fruits are red, flat-round, weighing up to 80 g. A distinctive feature of tomatoes Baby F1 is a small spot at the stalk. The fruits ripen in unison in 95-100 days. They are used fresh, for salting, pickling and canning.
Verlioq F1. A tall (up to 2 m) tomato hybrid with excellent yield (over 18 kg / m2). Half-determinant plants need formation and pasynkovaniya, responsive1 for irrigation and fertilizing. Fruits of round shape1 bright red with mass about 100 g. Flesh is fleshy and sweet. From sowing seeds to a harmonious ripening of fruits takes no more than 95 days.
Red Arrow. The variety has a record yield - from 1 m2 you can collect up to 30 kg of fruit. Half-determinate medium-sized (up to 100 cm) bushes in protected soil can bear fruit until late autumn. Fruits of red color are juicy and fragrant, with a thin skin that does not crack as they mature, oval-rounded with mass up to 130. In the greenhouse, the harvest can be obtained in 95-98 days after sowing the seeds for seedlings. Fruits of universal purpose.
DUTCH HORIZONTAL HYBRIDS OF TOMATOES
Belfast F1. Suitable for all types of greenhouses, not afraid of temperature changes. Fruit weight reaches 300
Aksay F1. Plants are characterized by a short fruit ripening period. Tomatoes weighing from 140 to 180 g have excellent flavor and commercial qualities.
Panecra F1. This hybrid with large fruits that are not prone to cracking can be grown in any greenhouses. The mass of one tomato is from 300 to 450 g.
Sakura F1. Plants can grow and bear fruit even in conditions of insufficient illumination and low temperatures. Small tomatoes (up to 20 g) have exceptional taste qualities.
Recently, more often in our dachas, you can find miniature tomatoes, which have excellent taste and interesting name "cherry", which in English means "cherry". Fetal weight usually does not exceed 30 g, and the color can be very diverse: tomatoes of yellow, green, scarlet, orange, pink, purple and even almost black are found.
To taste, cherry tomatoes resemble ordinary tomatoes, only with a more pronounced and rich sweet taste. They are used both for fresh consumption and for canning.
By the way
Cherry tomatoes are often decorated with various dishes, and for this they are not even cut.
Currently, breeders have produced a large number of varieties of cherry, and they differ not only in the shape and color of the fruit, but also in the height of the bush. Experts recommend to give preference to low plants at home, but in the open ground or a greenhouse you can give vent to your imagination and "settle" both short and tall bushes.
Note
Even with good care, the yield of cherry tomatoes will be lower than that of their "older brothers" - ordinary tomatoes. At the same time, “cherries” are more decorative and contain a large amount of sugar (about 12%), which makes them popular among housewives.
You can grow cherry tomatoes in beds in the open ground or in a greenhouse, in hanging baskets and even in an apartment.
GROWING CHERRY IN OPEN GROUND
In our region, seeds of heat-loving cherry tomatoes in open ground are not suitable for planting. Theoretically, this could have been done at the end of May, but at best the crop would have ripened not earlier than autumn, and most likely it would not have been possible to harvest it at all. That is why in Belarus and in central Russia, cherry trees are grown in seedlings.
Sowing cherry tomatoes on seedlings is carried out, as a rule, in early April. The soil in the seedling tanks is well moistened, the seeds are planted in 10-millimeter grooves, slightly poured with soil and covered with a film.
Plants are planted on a permanent place in the open ground on about the 70th day. At least 1 real leaflet should appear on the seedlings. Seedlings are planted in holes 15 × 15 cm deep about a bayonet shovel in a checkerboard pattern.
Cherry tomatoes are thermophilic plants. For growth and fruiting, they need a suitable temperature regime (air temperature about +23 ° C during the day and about 16 ° C at night) and moderate watering (it is optimal to carry out it 2 times a week, and in hot weather - as the soil dries) .
To prevent diseases, seedlings of cherry tomatoes immediately after planting it is desirable to treat with copper chloride: 30 g for 10 l of water.
Cherry tomatoes need tying. Near the bushes drive 3-meter pegs to a depth of about 50 cm, between them, at about 30-centimeter height, pull the cord to which the plants are tied. As the bushes grow, the garter is repeated, but at a higher altitude.
For cultivation in the open ground the following grades are suitable:
- Black cherry. A tall bush. Fruits are black, resembling cherries, with a diameter of about 2,5 cm, delicious and juicy.
- Honey drop. On tall bushes, yellow, pear-shaped fruit is sung about 15 in weight. On the brush, up to 9 fruit is formed. The plant gives many stepsons.
- White currant. Fruits are rounded, cream colored, weighing up to 20 g. On the brush, up to 10 tomatoes are formed. The taste is excellent. Fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and canning.
- Cherry-shaped. Dark red, rounded fruits resemble cherries. The mass of one tomato is up to 25 g. The bush is high. On the brush, up to 20 fruits are formed.
- Beads. The bush is tall. Fruits are red, sweet, up to 1 cm in diameter, grow with brushes. The advantages of this variety include high yield.
- Cherry is yellow. Early ripening variety. The bushes need support. On the brush is formed up to 40 fruit.
GROWING CHERRY IN THE GREENHOUSE
If you are the owner of a heated greenhouse, you can plant cherry tomatoes in it in the form of seeds, if the room is not heated, you will have to resort to the traditional seedling method. In greenhouses, the distance between the bushes from 40 to 70 cm is considered optimal for the cherry, depending on the variety. Plants should be regularly ventilated, and if there is an opportunity and desire - it is better to plant them in the open ground for the summer. Bushes need a mandatory garter.
The best for growing in a greenhouse are tall:
- ultra-greenhouse hybrid F1 Punto-7 with bright red fruits;
- variety: Cherry pink;
9 variety Cherry black with small dark purple fruits;
- hybrid F1 Magic cascade;
- one of the most popular and common varieties Dessert with red fruits;
- yellow-fronted hybrid F1 by Elou Mimi;
- mid-ripened krasnoplodnye hybrids F1 Caprice and F1 Madeira.
From low-growing cherry tomatoes for growing in a greenhouse, experts recommend paying attention to the Ampel type (resistant to many diseases and quite decorative) and the mid-rip hybrid F1 Raisins with small pink fruits of elliptical shape.
CHERRY - ON THE BALCONY
The technology of growing cherry tomatoes on a balcony or loggia is similar in many ways to growing in a greenhouse or open ground. However, in this case, grown sprouts are placed in larger containers (from 5 to 20 L). The air temperature should not fall below 16 degrees with a plus sign, and the light day should last from 12 to 16 hours. If the balcony or loggia are on the south or east side, it is quite easy to provide such conditions. Otherwise, it is necessary to use phyto-lamps for additional plant fluorescence.
Even in such conditions, cherry tomatoes must be tied and regularly ventilated.
If you are only thinking about a small garden on the balcony or loggia, try to make friends with these varieties of cherry tomatoes:
Balcony miracle. The bushes grow only 0,5 m in height, but from each plant it is possible to assemble up to 2 kg of fruit.
Lycope. On the bush half-meter height ripen large red fruits elliptical shape.
Lisa. This grade is a true record for yield, although plant height usually also does not exceed 0,5 m.
- Sweet. This precocious mid-sized tomato got its name due to the extraordinary sweetness of rounded fruits (“suite” in translation from English - “sweet”).
TOMATOES IN SUSPENDED BASKETS
Thus, you can grow only special varieties of cherry tomatoes: they must be flexible so as not to break under the weight of their fruits, to have compact sizes and not to form stepsons.
Planting seedlings of cherry tomatoes in baskets can be already in early May. In this case, the tomatoes will ripen before the cold starts, and then they need to be brought into the house, where they continue to bear fruit (though not as abundant as in the summer).
Caring for plants in hanging baskets is practically the same as cherry farming in a balcony or loggia.
In a suspended form, they will feel themselves well:
- Cherry fingers. These tall plants give fruits of oblong form and bright red color.
- Garden Pearl. The height of the plants is about 0,5 m. The fruits are pink.
Specialist commentary
TOP 5 tips for growing cherry tomatoes from our expert - agronomist Svetlana EVSEIEVA (Kashira)
- Cherry tomatoes love moisture, so it is important to provide them with regular watering, but in any case do not fill the bushes.
- Soil around plants should be periodically loosen.
- All cherry trees need a garter - regardless of variety, height and growing conditions.
- Cherries grown in the open ground, tastier and more useful than their hothouse and balcony "brethren".
- The most delicious cherry tomatoes are those that are fully ripe on the bush. Breaking the fruits of the unripened, you run the risk of not trying out the whole gamut of taste of these "cherries".
BEST RECIPES FROM TOMATOES FROM OUR READERS
Tomatoes in the Mister
Ingredients for brine: 10 L of water • 1 glass of salt • 1 glass of sugar • 1 glass of fresh mustard
Green, brown or red (but not overripe!) Tomatoes are good for my and put into jars without any spices. In the cold water, add sugar, salt, mustard and mix everything thoroughly. Fill tomatoes with cold brine and cover with plastic covers. We store in a cool place.
PRESERVED TOMATOES "POLISHKI"
Ingredients for pouring (per 0,8 l of water): 0,2 l of table vinegar • 80 g of sugar • 70 g of salt • onion, garlic, bay leaf - to taste
Stack medium-sized tomatoes in jars. Bring the marinade to a boil, add 2 small onions (whole or sliced) and 2 cloves of garlic. Pour tomatoes in jars with the resulting marinade and sterilize them at 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 15 minutes, liter and two-liter jars - for half an hour.
TOMATOES GREEN MARINATED
Ingredients (on 1 l of water): 0,7 l table vinegar • 200 g sugar • 60 g salt • 2 bay leaves • according to 10 peas of sweet and black pepper • 10 g of dry red hot pepper
Wash green tomatoes and cut into circles 0,5-1 cm thick. For 1 kg of tomatoes prepared in this way, 50-100 g of finely chopped onions will be required. Tomatoes and onions are transferred to enameled dishes, pour cold marinade and leave in a cold place for 8 hours. After this, we drain the marinade, and carefully place the vegetables in jars “on the shoulders”. We bring the marinade to a boil and fill them with vegetables in jars. We sterilize at 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 10 minutes, liter and two-liter - 15-20 minutes.
TOMATOES TOMATOES
Ingredients: 1 kg fleshy tomatoes • 200 g onions
- 2 laurel leaves • 2 art. l. Sahara • 1 Art. l. salt • 100-150 ml 6% vinegar • 30 g of gelatin • 10 g of mustard seed • 6 peas of sweet pepper • 3 laurel leaves
We cut onions into rings, blanched tomatoes into circles about 1 cm thick. Put a bay leaf on the bottom of each jar, and then tightly fill it with tomatoes. Put onions on top of tomatoes. Pour gelatin with warm water and leave for an hour to swell. We prepare the marinade: in boiling water add salt, sugar, mustard seeds, allspice and table vinegar. Combine gelatin with marinade and boil for 2-3 minutes. Pour the prepared solution into jars with tomatoes and sterilize them: half-liter - 15 minutes, liter and two-liter - 30 minutes.
USEFUL PROPERTIES OF TOMATOES
Fresh crispy cucumbers recommend to include in the menu people with diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, as well as suffering from obesity, gout and polyarthritis. Cucumbers increase appetite, possess a diuretic, choleretic and laxative effect.
As a rule, cucumber juice is used for medicinal purposes: 2-3 times a day for 2-3 st. l.
For the treatment of bronchitis 3 art. l. Cucumber juice mixed with 1 tsp. honey. Take 4 once a day until complete recovery.
Cucumber juice, mixed with tomato and apple in equal proportions, improves blood composition. Ideally, add a clove of garlic to them.
As an analgesic and with colic in the intestines and stomach, a cucumber juice is recommended to take 3 once a day for half a glass.
For medicinal purposes, cucumber pickle is also used. It helps in the treatment of stomach diseases with low acidity.
With constipation, prepare a mixture of 1 glass of cucumber brine, 1 st. l. honey and 2 art. l. sunflower oil. You need to drink this mixture for 1 times. If it does not help, repeat the procedure the next day.
Decoction of cucumber seeds helps with kidney colic. 10 g of dry seeds are poured with 100 ml of hot water and boiled for 15 minutes. The resulting broth is filtered, allowed to cool and diluted with boiled water (to the original volume). Drink in a warm form.
With liver diseases and jaundice it is useful to drink a decoction of overripe cucumbers.
As cucumbers increase the acidity of gastric juice, they are not recommended for people with gastric diseases (acidity, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer). Salted or pickled cucumbers are contraindicated in patients with liver, hypertension, atherosclerosis and violation of water-salt metabolism. Do not abuse cucumbers with reduced thyroid function, during pregnancy and with nephritis.
Tomatoes also have a number of useful properties. Lycopene, contained in tomatoes, is a powerful antioxidant, helps to stop aging of cells and even prevents the development of cancer.
The infusion from the dried tops of tomatoes helps with gout.
If you regularly treat the skin with a piece of tomato, you can get rid of fatty and acne.
Daily use of only 1 a glass of tomato juice with the addition of 1 tsp. honey strengthens the body and increases immunity. Tomato juice will make you feel better with constipation and even atherosclerosis: just take it by 1 glass for 10 minutes before eating.
Kashitza from 1 kg of tomatoes, 300 g of garlic and horseradish will facilitate coughing. You need to take this tool 3 times per day for 1 st. l. before eating.
It is worth noting the use of tomatoes in arthritis. It is necessary to observe moderation with urolithiasis, with liver diseases or problems with the gallbladder.
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Honeysuckle - what varieties are for Moscow Region?
- What is pasyning?
- How to make trellis with your own hands. Currant on the trellis
- Garden signs that really help
- Cultivation of cucumbers in a greenhouse with the use of biologics
- New varieties of roses, clematis, etc. (PHOTO + DESCRIPTION)
- Gardening according to Gennady Fedorovich Raspopov - valuable advice to summer residents and gardeners
- Getting rid of onion and carrot flies - husk + naphthalene
- How to move to live in a village, in the country
- How best to prepare for sub-winter crops, as well as planting vegetables in spring
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To tomatoes were sweeter and higher yields, I advise you to carry out a special treatment.
During the flowering of the second and third flower brush of the plant, 1-2 should be sprayed with such a solution: in 10 l of water, dilute 10 with boric acid powder. Thanks to this “soul”, the harvest will be noticeably higher, and the sugar content of the fruits themselves will increase.
However, care must be taken with this substance! Apply boric acid in the garden must be strictly in the specified dose. One has only to increase the concentration of the solution, and the plants can get burned on the lower leaf plates, the edges of which turn yellow and then die.