Cultivation and care for black raspberries Cumberland (Cumberland)
Variety - black raspberry Kumberlen highly winter-resistant - high-yielding culture
You have to take care of her properly. Cumberland, like red raspberries, Is a perennial dwarf shrub. In one place, it can grow up to twenty years or more.
But it bears abundant fruit for twelve to fourteen years, then the yields decline. Then the old bushes are removed and replaced with young seedlings.
Let me remind you the main advantage of Cumberlen: it does not give root offspring and does not torment amateur gardeners, spreading throughout the garden, like other raspberries.
How do I care for black raspberries?
Kumberlain in our garden is planted in one row, the bushes are 1,5 m from each other. At both ends of the row there are strong oak pillars with a height of 2,2 m, three strong trellises made of aluminum wire at a height of 1,5 are stretched on them; 1,8 and 2,1 m. Shoots of Cumberland are very powerful, in the lower part up to 2-2,5 cm thick. If you do not cut them, they grow up to 3-4 m in length.
I consider the method of bush formation that I use to be one of the main care measures that ensure a bountiful harvest.
As soon as the young shoots of the current year reach a length of 2,4-2,5 m, I pinch off the top at a height of 2,1-2,3 m, preventing their further growth. This happens around the end of June. After removing the top, the shoots begin to branch, and 6-10 lateral shoots appear along the entire length of the main shoot. You cannot be late with plucking the tops. The sooner the top is removed, the earlier the lateral shoots will appear and the better they will ripen before the onset of stable frosts.
In more northern regions, removal of the shoot tip, at the request of the horticulturist, can be done lower, for example, at an altitude of 1,5 m, which, naturally, will occur in earlier calendar periods.
The second pruning is done in late autumn, simultaneously with the removal of the two-year-old shoots that have bore fruit, in early November, when the dormant period of plants begins, but positive temperatures are still held. At subzero temperatures, shoots freeze and become brittle, often break. By this time, the lateral shoots also reach a length of 1-2 m.
All lateral shoots are greatly shortened, leaving only 30-50 cm long. I tidy up the bushes themselves: on each of them I leave 10-12 of the most powerful, thickest shoots, I remove the rest, cutting out from the ground as low as possible. In this form, I bend the raspberries not very low to the ground and fix them.
I do not insulate the bushes, I do not additionally protect them from frost, they are covered only by snow. In regions where it is scarce, shoots should be covered with snow, raking from the nearby territory, and lightly watered with cold water. This is done so that an ice crust (not solid!) Forms on the surface and the snow is not blown away by strong winds.
I emphasize: the ice crust cannot be made continuous - plants can suffocate from lack of air.
In this position, Cumberlain winters.
In early spring, as soon as the snow melts and the first positive temperatures are established, I lift the shoots, conduct an audit, remove the broken ones and evenly, so that they do not shade each other, tie them to the trellises.
Cumberlain blooms late, after passing the spring frost, and wisely saves its harvest from them. Flowers appear very abundantly, in clusters, literally on all shoots, including the central one. On each lateral shoot there are up to 8-10 clusters, and on each cluster there are 10-12 berries or more.
Black raspberry - a good honey plant, and its flowers are readily visited by bees. Nevertheless, with the aim of their additional attraction, I spray the bushes with a solution of natural honey. For this 1 a tablespoon of honey is dissolved in a liter of water and I spray the whole garden. One liter of solution is enough for 5-7 acres, enough to have a smell of honey in the garden. By this I achieve a good, complete pollination of the garden by bees.
Cumberland to feed the huge amount of formed ovaries, additional feeding is needed. As soon as the flowers begin to crumble, I carry out the first feeding with the infusion of mullein or bird droppings.
I breed in this ratio: a bucket of mullein for 6-7 buckets of water, and a bucket of bird droppings for 16-18 buckets of water and add 100 g of superphosphate and 1 liter can of ash to the infusion. I pour half a bucket of top dressing under each bush and immediately water it with 4-5 buckets of clean water.
I do the second top dressing with the same solution, when the berries begin to pour and increase in size, and I water it the same way. I spend the third top dressing in the same way, combining with watering, after the first harvest - after all, there are still four or five harvests ahead.
During the growth of berries and the harvesting of the crop, the soil must not be allowed to dry out: the berries can be ground. They do not mature at the same time. In good sunny weather, their collection occurs literally every 1-2 days, and every time ripe berries happen a lot. Judge for yourself: in our garden there are only six Cumberland bushes, and raspberries are enough for everyone and for everything: and plenty to regale grandchildren, and compotes, and jam, and drying.
Berries Cumberland sweet, not sour. They contain less acid than red raspberries. The juice has an intense red color. If you add a few berries to apple or other uncolored compotes, they acquire a pleasant red color.
In the end, I draw your attention once again: with such an abundant harvest, plants need good nutrition and regular watering. Want to collect a good harvest - do not forget about it.
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Cumberland under mulch and on trellis - care tips
- Raspberries on a hill - the secrets of growing, planting and care (Yaroslavl region)
- Two crops of patch raspberry for the season and "raspberry" recipes
- Raspberry varieties Stolichnaya, Patricia and Brigantine - my reviews
- Ideal conditions for growing raspberries
- Raspberry Variety Orange Miracle - Care Tips
- Updating raspberries - an interesting way (Hercules)
- How I Doubled My Raspberry Yield With Homemade Feeding
- How to stretch the fruiting of raspberries for the whole season?
- Aronia raspberry varieties, planting and care in the Moscow region
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Many thanks for such an instructive article
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Collecting every year an abundant harvest of blackberry raspberries of the Cumberland variety, I advise all owners of summer cottages to allocate for this plant several tens of meters in their garden. You will not regret!
Appearing at the end of the 70-ies of the 20 century on the territory of the former USSR in amateur gardens, Cumberland very quickly gained sympathy among gardeners due to high yields, low demand for growing conditions and good frost resistance.
Not blackberries
Externally, black raspberries are very similar to blackberries. And the fruits are similar in taste. But Cumberland has a characteristic characteristic only for it: black-violet with a waxy covering of berry-bones (about 2 g) are removed from branches without white pedicels. And black raspberries do not give root shoots, unlike ordinary raspberries and some varieties of blackberries.
Place under the sun
Blackberry raspberry is considered to be a relatively drought-resistant plant, but watering, especially during the ripening period of berries, significantly increases the yield and taste of berries. As for the landing site, she loves the sun, although she does not feel bad in the penumbra. Given the height of the bush (from 2 to 4 m, depending on the care), it is desirable to grow Cumberland on a trellis (2 m), with seedlings best planted at a distance of 1 m from each other. In this case, the berries grow around the perimeter, and not in the depths of the bush, and the strong stabbing of the plant does not prevent them from collecting.
TIP: Multiplying the Cumberland bush is the easiest way to airlift. At the end of summer, bend to the ground and dig in the well-fertilized soil the tip of the young shoot. Root the residue and then maintain the soil moisture. In 4 weeks, the escape turns to its own roots.
Growing in my garden and black-berry raspberry with the romantic name of the Black Pearl. This sort of medium ripening period refers to a new generation of black raspberries with improved biochemical composition of berries. It is distinguished by larger fruits. Although both of these varieties are proud to call "black pearls" of my garden ..
PREPARATION FOR WINTER
After harvesting, the fruit-bearing shoots of the black-berry raspberry are cut to the ground level. This saves the bush from unnecessary "mouth" and helps ripen young shoots, which is very important for preparation for winter and fruit bearing next year.
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And in my garden replenishment! An amazing berry has already ripened - something in between a raspberry and a blackberry (ezemalia). The neighbor made friends last year: almost from the heart tore two seedlings of hybrid raspberries of the Cumberland variety.
I have not received any detailed instructions on landing and care. I was only warned that a long, prickly vine would grow under 3 m. And yet, that it was not necessary to prune it: it was better to let the tops root for quick reproduction.
The council accepted, but she began to look after the new ones, as well as her raspberries: she fed and watered generously.
When the seedlings a little overgrew my height, one of them cut off so that the harvest was more convenient to collect.
The top of the other bush led to the rooting, on the advice of a neighbor, to the wall of the summer kitchen, before arranging the trellis there. It has got accustomed quickly, now only and I do.
The tops are located at a distance of 1 m from each other. In autumn, I cut weak shoots of substitution, leaving no more than four strong branches on the bush. Then she shortened them to 1,7-1,8 m, carefully tilted them (the branches are thick and inflexible at the bottom - they can break) and tied them to the trellis. Two buckets of humus spilled out under each bush. She didn’t harbor anything for the winter.
By this summer, seven excellent bushes have turned out. Come for a treat - the berry is ripening large, sweet. I just can’t decide on the taste: today raspberry is clearly felt, and tomorrow - a delicate blackberry.
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I’ve been growing Cumberland since I bought the plot. There is no special trouble with her. It grows between my house and the neighboring shed in a narrow section of 2 × 10 m. I fertilize it with humus. Young shoots do not touch all summer. Sometimes they grow up to 5 m, bend their ends to the ground and root. In autumn, I cut them in the middle of the vine in half. One part of the mother liquor is the main shoot, I leave it in place, and the other goes to a new bush. This is a completely normal “child”, a new generation.
In Thanks to the rooting of the bushes of black raspberries "walk" on their plot. Therefore, for the past 14 years, raspberries have been growing in my garden on the same plot, without losing rich yields.
I cut off the branches that have been harvested, and bind the new ones with twine. In the spring I release them, I stretch a thick nylon thread along the entire plot, and the raspberry grows freely as it wants. I do not use any special techniques, just leave the bushes for 3-4 to escape. The height of each of them does not exceed one and a half meters. When spring comes, on each shoot grow lateral
branches and berries appear on them, which grow, like a rowan or viburnum - with a brush. At first they turn red and then turn black. There is almost no acid in them, they are very dense and can lie in the refrigerator for 3 days without spreading. And when cooking the jam does not fall apart. But it’s best to eat them fresh. Black raspberry berries have a substance that prevents the formation of cancer cells.