Reproduction and care of the golden currant
How to grow a golden currant
On the care of the red currant said here - continue the conversation about caring for golden currants (popularly - golden)
The golden currant comes from America, it has already been brought to us. relatively long ago, but not widely spread. Mostly, apparently, because of the laborious harvesting. In cottages and areas of gardeners such a variety of currants is not so often.
Currant, golden reproduce seeds, annual shoots, lignified and green cuttings, segments of underground stems, cuttings by dividing the bush. Seeds are planted in autumn in the year of harvest or in spring after two three-month stratification. The seeding rate is 0,2-0,7 g per 1 m of the ridge.
In the steppe zone, under our plantation of the golden currant, smooth places and gently sloping southwestern southeastern slopes are taken away. Golden Currant unpretentious to soils: grows well on sands and saline soils and can even be used for planting on eroded eroded areas, steep slopes and in ravines. It is very important to prepare the soil for planting a golden currant beforehand (one to three years).
For this, it is possible to successfully sow bean-cereals. For autumn planting in summer, the soil is digged to a depth of 30 40 cm.
Golden currants are planted usually in autumn at the beginning of leaf fall, according to the scheme 2,5X1,2 m, and in the case of spring planting, as early as possible, depending on soil moisture. Preference is given to two to three-year-old seedlings of currant with well-developed three to four shoots and a highly developed fibrous root system up to 20 cm long. When planting, the seedlings are deepened by about 6-8 cm in order to accelerate the formation of adventitious roots.
The golden currant is winter-hardy, withstands a decrease in air temperature to minus 35 °, is light-loving, but tolerates with shading.
Care of the golden currant is the annual digging of the soil in the inter-row, fertilizing, watering and pruning of bushes. The greatest yield is given by three-year branches, and the older ones are cut out. Every year, remove weak, low-yielding, short, dry, broken and sick. It is also necessary to get rid of unnecessary annual basal branches or shorten them to stimulate their branching. In this case, the number of annual leaves leaving one-year-old branches should be equal to or one or two more than the number of removed old ones.
Golden currant is cut, usually in late autumn or early spring before the buds swelling.
The average age of the plantation of golden currant is 15 years. Since 3 years, it begins to bear fruit. Therefore, there is no sense in waiting for the planting to grow old, it is more advantageous to replace the plants with new ones.
A small demand for soil conditions, high drought resistance and winter hardiness, resistance to smoke, gas and dust, abundant fruiting, good agro-, forest-meliorative and decorative properties should open the golden currant road to the gardens.
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Caring for black currants after picking berries
- Red currant, varieties, diseases, properties, care
- Caring for currants in the summer, after harvesting berries
- Black currant - treatment, reproduction, planting
- Reproduction and care of the golden currant
- How to make red currants sweeter? Graft on black!
- Sustainable varieties and fertilizers for black currant
- Blackcurrant processing and care
- Currant in the Moscow region - planting and care, the secrets of growing
- Pink currant (photo) - varieties and my reviews, care
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Here is an extract about the golden currant from the encyclopedia of the summer resident:
This unusual for our country berry culture originates from the wild currant golden (Ribes aureum), which grows in the western part of North America. There it is a strong shrub with a deep and powerful root system and brown or black edible berries. In the culture from the beginning of the XIX century. In Russia, Michurin drew attention to it, who, from sowing seeds of the American variety 'Crandal', brought out several varieties, including the Seedz of Crandal, which became one of the founders of modern varieties. In 1930-1940 golden currant as undemanding to soil conditions and a drought-resistant plant have been included in the list of crops for forest cover in the steppe regions of Siberia, the Altai Territory and Northern Kazakhstan. But soon it spread, already as a berry plant, in the southern regions of Russia.
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES.
Currant is golden - deciduous shrub 2-2,5 m high, with strong roots extending to the soil to a depth of about 1,5 m. The leaves are regular, about 5 cm long, 6 in width. The flowers are golden yellow - hence the name of the species, fragrant, collected in brush length 3-7 see Berries are globose, black or purple-brown, with a diameter of 6-8 mm. The golden currant blossoms in May. during 15-20 days, fructifies in July.
GROWING. Currant golden is fast-frying and high yield, winter hardiness, drought and heat resistance, resistance to pests and diseases. The leaves can withstand temperatures of up to 40 ° C without burns, and later flowering avoids damage to the flowers
and ovaries return spring frosts. This currant almost does not require care, except for trimming, as in black currant. Since the plant is cross-pollinated, it is desirable to have several varieties in the garden, which will significantly improve the pollinating capacity, and therefore increase the yield.
Reproduction. The golden currant can be propagated by green and lignified cuttings, by dividing the bush, by root shoots and even by seeds (in breeding work).
FORMS AND VARIETIES. There are many forms and varieties of golden currant, of which the most famous are 'Venus' (black berries), 'Laysan' (yellowish berries). 'Shafak' (dark red berries), as well as new varieties created in Barnaul, in the Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture named after M. A. Lisavenko, - 'Ariadne's Gift'. Siberian sun ',' Barnaul ',' Levushka ',' Valentina ', Ida', 'Gift of Altai'. The latter can be grown in all regions of Russia.
USING. Goldencurrant is highly valued as an ornamental plant and is widely used in urban landscaping. In autumn, its foliage acquires first orange-red, and then purple-carmine color. No less valuable is this currant and as a berry crop. Its fragrant fruits are distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances (vitamins C, E, P, carotene, pectins, organic acids). They also contain iodine and other microelements. In comparison with currants black in berries, there are more sugars and less acids. They are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing on jam, jams, compotes, wine, for drying and freezing.
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Most gardeners propagate the currant with cuttings. However, in this seemingly simple matter there is a secret. I tried many options and came to a very interesting conclusion.
Do not plant cuttings in a shady place, although it is here that they take root faster. In the future, bushes grown from such cuttings will be less fruitful, and the berries will be sour in taste. Another thing is when you plant cuttings in a sunny place. The berries are guaranteed to grow large and sweet, there will be many on the bush.
Cuttings can be harvested throughout the summer season. In this case, you should choose mature shoots with a thickness of about 1 cm. They are usually taken in the process of pruning shrubs when thickening, growing branches grow. From their middle part cut segments with 5-7 kidneys. They can immediately be planted in a mixture of sand and peat (1: 1), cover with 5-liter plastic bottles without a bottom and regularly watered. In autumn the beds should be protected from frost by the rotten compost and spruce lapnika.
If cuttings harvested in the fall, then they should be kept in a cool place until February, and then put on rooting in the water.
In May, the seedlings, which have already formed the root system, can be planted in the ground. The soil must first be loosened and poured. Cuttings are placed in the ground at an angle of 45 degrees, and the top is covered with a plastic wrap or plastic bottles without a bottom.