Aronia or mountain ash - planting, growing and useful properties
Contents ✓
- ✓ Reproduction of Chokeberry Aronia (Aronia)
- ✓ Below are the main diseases and pests of aronia (Aronia Pers.) And mountain ash (Sorbus L).
- ✓ Useful properties of Aronia Aronia
- ✓ Aronia: good in every cluster!
- ✓ Arony: planting, growing and caring: gardeners share their experiences
- ✓ BLACK FRUIT ROWAN ARONIA - LANDING AND CARE ON VIDEO
Chokeberry or aronia - medicinal properties, planting and growing in the suburban area.
Aronia blackfruit (Aronia melanocaprd) grows wild in the east of North America. Refers to the Rosaceae family, the genus of aronia, numbering 15 species, from which introduced into the culture only the species of chokeberry aronia, or ashberry, aronia.
This is a large shrub up to 3 meters.
The leaves of the aronia are cooval, 6,5-8,5 in length, wide (5-7 centimeters wide), green in summer, reddens in autumn until orange is given.
The flowers of ashberry are arranged in 10-35 pieces in a brush. Corolla white, less often pinkish, up to 1 centimeter in diameter.
The fruits of ashberry (aronia) are round, up to one and a half centimeters in size, black (there are also varieties with red berries, the taste is very tart.
The ripe and fully ripened berries of aronia blackberry (aronia) contain up to 10% of sugars, up to 1,3 percent of acids (mainly apple), up to 1 percent of tannins and 0,6% pectin substances. Also contains many other useful substances, for example molybdenum, copper, boron, anthocyanins, manganese, and up to 0,5 milligrams per percent of vitamin R.
The juice of aronia reduces blood pressure in hypertension. Indians of Dakota and Delaware juice aromonia treated burns.
The fruit of chokeberry at 0 degrees is kept fresh throughout the whole winter.
Begins to bear fruit already on 3-5-th year after planting. Blossoms in most regions of Russia in May, two weeks after the leaves bloom, ripens in August-September. Leaves do not fall until late autumn and even before winter begins. It can easily transfer frosts in 30-35 degrees.
The best harvest yields in good light and sufficient watering.
In the axils of the leaves vegetative and flowering buds are laid. The apical buds of shoots, as a rule, are flowered. The lateral flowering buds differ from the growth ones in larger sizes, a rounded shape and a greater angle of retreat. The flowers of the black chokeberry are self-pollinating. The degree of self-fostering is 40-60%. Each fruit contains 4-8 elongated seeds.
Most actively fructifies after the onset of 4 years after planting and up to 7-9 years, then the periodicity of fruiting appears.
The root system is powerful, densely branched, lying at a depth of 40-60 cm. In the horizontal direction, the roots extend up to 2 meters. Aronia grows well even on soddy-podzolic soils, but does not tolerate excess moisture, rocky saline soils. Demanding to moisture, the deficit of which significantly reduces the yield.
It refers to light-loving breeds, in shaded conditions, plants are short-lived and hardly bear fruit. With a strong thickening of bushes, productivity drops sharply. Deep planting of plants is unacceptable, since in such shrubs, after cutting branches, a large number of basal shoots, strongly thickening plants, are formed.
Reproduction of Chokeberry Aronia (Aronia)
Propagation of aronia with layers, cuttings and seeds. For spring sowing the seeds of aronia stratify (read more is stratification - how and why to do it) at a temperature of 3-5 degrees 6-20 days. In the plots, two-year-old seedlings are planted in spring or autumn according to the scheme 3,5-4,5 × 2,0-2,5 m.
Until 7 - 8-year-old age, aronia does not need pruning (except for shoots and branches damaged during the winter).
Saplings after planting are cut off on 3-5 normally developed kidneys. A properly formed shrub must have up to 40-45 uneven-aged branches. Subsequent pruning is the removal of unproductive branches older than 7 years and the introduction of an appropriate number of strong root shoots.
Cuttings are carried out at the very surface of the soil, in order to reduce the formation of the basal shoot. At the age of 10-12 years, rejuvenating pruning is carried out, leaving only a strong one-year growth of the root shoots on the bush.
The main pest of chokeberry is the mountain ash. When the caterpillars are populated, at least 2-6% of the inflorescences are sprayed with an actellite (7-10 days before the beginning of flowering).
Fruits are harvested in the period when they reach a removable maturity, delay with harvesting leads to a significant loss of harvest due to cracking and drying fruits.
Below are the main diseases and pests of aronia (Aronia Pers.) And mountain ash (Sorbus L).
Diseases of Aronia Aronia:
- bacterial necrosis or cortical cancer - Pseudomonas syringae van Hall;
- brown spotting - Phellosticta mali Pr. et Del .;
- Verticillium - Verticillium albo-artum R. et V .;
- monilial burn - Monilia cinerea Bon. f. mali Worm .;
- apple rust - Gymnosporogium tremelloides Hartig,
- Septoria - Septoria piricola Deam;
- Viral ring spot - Mountain ash ringspot.
Pests of chokeberry (black chokeberry):
- hawthorn elephant - Coenorrhinus aequatus L .;
- Hawthorn - Aporia crataegi L .;
- cherry mucous sawfly - Caliroa limacina Retz;
- rowan moth - Arguresthia conjugella ZelL;
- rowan-bell-broom aphids - Dysaphis sorbi Kalt .;
- rowan mite - Eriophyes goniothorax sorbea Nal.
Aronia the black-berry was introduced into the culture in the 20 century by Michurin.
In Russia, the most barren aronia is grown in the following regions:
- Central,
- The Volga-Vyatka,
- Povolzhsky,
- West Siberian,
- North-West.
- The Urals.
At the latitude of Petrozavodsk, Vologda, Perm, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Barnaul, the plants of chokeberry aronia are bent to the ground for the winter.
They grow it even in Siberia (even in Yakutia).
In the territory of Ukraine, chokeberry is grown in Donetsk, South-West and other regions of Ukraine. It is also successfully grown in Kazakhstan and almost throughout Belarus.
The cultivated forms of aronia that are most often grown in cottages and plots are isolated as an independent species of A. mitshunnii Skvorts. and Majtulina (Skvortsov, Maytulina, 1982).
Widely popular aronia chondroplodnaya acquired due to the value of its fruits, early fertility, high and regular yield (up to 6-8 kg / bush). Its fruits contain 6-10% Sugars, 0,7-1,3% apple other organic acids, up to 0,75% pectin substances, 10-30 mg% Vitamin C, 0,8-2,2 mg% Vitamin E, 105-165 μg / 100 g Vitamin B2, 0,08-0,21 mg% of vitamin B9, 0,5-0,8 mg% of vitamin PP. Up to 18% falls on dry soluble substances. The fruits contain salts of molybdenum, manganese, copper, boron, carotene (1,1-2,5 mg%), flavones (10-75 mg%), anthocyanins (0,50-1,75%), leukoanthocyanins (0,49-1,50%), catechins (0,42- 2,02%). The sum of P-active substances varies from 950 to 6100 mg% (Karabanov, 1981).
Fruits are used fresh, dried, processed for juice (dark ruby, yield up to 80%), jam, jam, jelly, syrup, marmalade, pastille, jelly, wine, liquor, liqueurs. Fresh fruits due to the presence of substances that inhibit the activity of microorganisms, can not for a long time to deteriorate, and at zero temperature can be stored throughout the winter. Extracts and infusions are prepared from fruits. Fruits are valuable and as a food color.
The flowers of chokeberry aronia contain up to 4,4% flavonoids, and leaves - up to 1,5%. They are represented by routine, quercetin and hesperidin.
Useful properties of Aronia Aronia
The fruits of chokeberry aronia and the products of their processing have valuable medicinal properties. They are a good source of vitamin R. They are used in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Fresh fruits and their juice reduce blood pressure. Vitamins of fruits and juice excite appetite, increase acidity of gastric juice, increase digestion. They are valuable for gastritis with a low acidity of gastric juice. However, a large intake of catechins in the human body increases the coagulability of blood.
Plants of chokeberry are very decorative during flowering, ripening of fruits, and in the period of autumn coloring of leaves. They are planted in parks singly and in groups, and also in the form of hedges. Planting the aronia on seedlings of forest ashberry, grow stems.
Aronia: good in every cluster!
Beautiful and delicious, as well as very useful chokeberry, aronia (or black chokeberry) is easy to grow on its site. It can be used as a medicinal raw material and for the preparation of a delicious jam or wine. As a decorative shrub you can plant a choke on the border of the site.
Chokeberry is not very whimsical, frost-resistant, but she likes lighted areas and good soil moisture. Therefore, choose a suitable, not shaded place for it, but avoid wetlands - moisture should be in moderation.
Reproduction of aronia: seedlings or root offspring?
Propagation of aronia can be done in almost any way, but it's easier to buy healthy seedlings in a nursery or to dig an annual shoot with a root from a growing bush. Both are better to take root in the fall, but you can plant in the spring, especially if your region is very cold winters.
For planting, you need to dig up the soil and remove all the weeds. You-
Dig holes for each seedling 50-60 cm depth. Earth from the pit mix with 1 a humus bucket. 40 g superphosphate and 25 g of potassium sulphate. Half pour back, put a seedling in the pit and fill the remaining earth mixture. After planting, the plant should be thoroughly poured and cut, leaving only 5 kidneys above the ground.
Top dressing - 2 times a year
Care of the black chalk is very simple. Periodically water it, especially if the summer is dry and hot.
Feed mountain ash twice a year - in spring and autumn. In the autumn, add 40-50 g of superphosphate to each bush, and in the spring - dilute 4 kg of manure and 30 g of potassium sulfate in 10 l of water and water each bush. Also, in spring, the chokeberry needs to be cut - remove the dried branches and extra shoots that thicken the crown.
Valuable berries
Chokeberry begins to bear fruit only in the third year. For medicinal purposes, use fresh or dried berries. For long-term storage, peel twigs, rinse, towel-dry, and dry in an oven at a temperature of 50-60 ″.
Berries of black mountain ash are useful in beriberi, diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, gall bladder, hypertension, allergies. They reduce cholesterol, have hemostatic and antiseptic actions, improve the endocrine and respiratory systems. Chokeberry ashberry is useful in diabetes mellitus, reduced immunity, in the presence of cancer and disorders of the nervous system.
Aronia contains vitamins: A. Group B, C, E, P. PP; microelements: manganese, iron, potassium, iodine, boron, copper, fluorine, molybdenum; as well as sugars, organic acids, tannins, pectins and many other useful substances.
Rowan with boiling water
With avitaminosis, reduced immunity, asthenia, respiratory system diseases and allergies, a decoction of black chokeberry is very useful. For its preparation 5 art. l. dry berries of mountain ash fill 1 l of boiling water, put on fire and cook for 10 min. Then remove from heat, cool and strain. Take 100 ml 3 a day before meals.
With hypertension, atherosclerosis, bleeding and gastritis (but not during exacerbations) drink the juice of chokeberry. Take 50 ml of freshly squeezed juice of ashberry 3 times a day, shortly before meals. You can sweeten the drink with aromatic honey to taste.
As an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, as well as for choleretic effect and normalization of digestion, daily use 100-150 g berries of chokeberry ash.
However, note that in addition to useful properties, chokeberry has a number of contraindications. So, it can not be taken under reduced pressure, increased blood clotting, exacerbations of gastritis and gastric ulcer. Therefore, be careful if you have such a disease.
© Author: Travnik Nikita Ilyich Kotovsky
Arony: planting, growing and caring: gardeners share their experiences
At the dacha, harmony, if grows aronia
Aronia, or chokeberry, native to the temperate forests of the eastern coast of North America. This is a perennial deciduous shrub up to 2,5 m high. Unlike ordinary mountain ash, its leaves are whole, ovoid, shiny, and the berries are dark purple, almost black, and larger. In Siberia, it is affectionately called a chokeberry.
By the ability to annually bear fruit, it is included in the group of crops of guaranteed yield. The late flowering period (in mid-June) allows you to avoid damaging the flowers with spring frosts. It is distinguished by high self-fertility: with free pollination, participation of bees and other insects, up to 90% of fruits are tied.
Rules of Siberian wintering
Only winter frosts can threaten the flower buds. But under the snow, the branches hibernate superbly and in the spring everything is covered with flowers. The branches of aronia easily bend over the winter even in old bushes due to their extraordinary flexibility. For bending fit logs, poles, boards, shields, etc. In the autumn I prepare firewood and for bending use birch logs of a length of 2,5-3 m. I take such a cot and from the center of the bush I roll it on branches until they lie on the earth.
I have it sod under my bushes of chokeberry, and after leaf fall it is also sprinkled with foliage. Branches on such a litter winter well, do not back up. But once in several places they were bitten by mice. Since then, I have been laying spruce or fir spruce under the bush - this reliably protects the branches from damage by mice. I don’t insulate anything from above. The first snow falls asleep on the shoots lying on the ground and reliably protects them from frost.
Chokeberry rowan is easy to multiply by dividing the bush, horizontal layers, green and lignified cuttings, seeds. Sow better in the fall with freshly picked seeds. In the spring sowing, seeds must be stratified for three months at a temperature of 3-5 degrees of heat, i.e., soaked in moist sand in the refrigerator or under snow.
Planting of chokeberry
The soils in Western Siberia are poor, the humus layer is no more than 15-20 cm, and heavy clays lie below. I plant seedlings in pits with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 40 cm. At least 2,5 m should be left between the plants. I lay the sod and topsoil aside. The bottom layer of clay - 5-6 buckets - I remove and replace them with three buckets of garden soil, the same amount of ready compost, as well as add a three-liter jar of ash, two handfuls of superphosphate and mix with deposited turf soil.
When planting the root neck deepen to 6-8, see Transplant can be in spring or autumn. When autumn planting in the first year for the winter, the bush should be insulated. The root system is superficial, beyond the projection of the crown, so next to the bushes of the black cherry you should not dig up the soil and arrange beds. The adult bush consists of 50 of different ages (from 2 to 10 years) branches. The older branches, as a rule, are lower, cut out. They dry up, the yield decreases, and the berries do not ripen in the shadow of the upper branches.
The subtleties of cleaning
Chokeberry bushes grow up to 30 years. Productivity reaches three buckets of berries from the bush. The duration of the formation of fruits is 70-90 days, depending on the weather. It is easy to calculate that ripening occurs in late August - early September. The berries turn black early, but should not be rushed with the collection. Firstly, the mass of fruits increases intensively in the last 2-3 weeks before harvesting. Secondly, their final ripening occurs on sunny days of the "Indian summer" - only then they are filled with juice, become sweet and less astringent.
Jam for every taste
From berries of Aronia mountain ash we prepare jam, compote, juice. For the berries we select from berries, rinse under a stream of water in a colander, then blanch 3-5 min and dip it into hot syrup (for 1 kg of berries -1 kg of sugar and 2 glass of water), bring to a boil and set aside to infuse for 6 hours . Then again bring to a boil, pour into sterilized for a couple of cans and roll. By the way, when the jam from the blackberry pall, then from berries you can cook "cherry". You just need to put a few cherry leaves in the syrup, and the taste of the jam will be completely cherry. In the compote, the berries of the Aronia blackberry combine well with the rennets. Juice is perfectly separated on a centrifugal juicer and does not completely separate on the attachment to the meat grinder.
In the garden is burning a mountain ash black
Chokeberry looks decorative from spring to autumn. Very beautiful flowers - white with large bright red stamens, leaves - dark green, shiny. In autumn, the chokeberry bushes are directly fabulously beautiful: crimson leaves glow with a bright flame, among which clusters of large black berries glisten. No wonder it has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since the 1932th century. And as a food plant, it entered the culture widely only from the middle of the XNUMXth century. Here is what assessment I.V. Michurin gave her in XNUMX: “Chokeberry is a valuable fruit tree in our region, as it is quite hardy to our severe winter frosts and gives a good sweet taste black fruits that can go with success for various technical processing ".
Chokeberry is compatible with pear, common mountain ash, hawthorn, so it can be used as a rootstock for growing insufficiently frost-resistant varieties of these plants. After all, using the exceptional flexibility of aronia, the trees obtained by grafting can be bent for winter to the ground and covered with snow.
© Author: Gennady Pavlovich ANISIMOV. Tomsk
My cherry orchard in the garden
Grandmother and grandfather always grew chokeberry. Granny said that her berries should be eaten, drink juice, so that the pressure was normal. We inherited their plot, and we continue to look after it, and the orchard with old trees is the only thing that we decided to preserve and practically did not change, although it bears fruit worse on the whole. In addition to apple trees, pears, plums and cherries, snowdrops, hawthorn, and mountain ash grow black and red there.
And now, only in adulthood, I, so to speak, looked at our chernoplodke and noticed that its leaves are not the same as those of ordinary ashberry. Yes, it blossoms the same way, the bunches with the fruits are similar. But it also grows differently: it's a bush, not a tree.
It turns out that the chernoplodka is not quite a mountain ash, it is a close plant, but it is called properly aronia chokeberry. Our cherry-tree was very old, and we planted two more young bush to replace it. And now I know a lot about her.
How to plant
Aronia berries ripen in August - the first half of September.
Fruiting aronia chokeberry starts on 2-3 year. If you plant a few bushes in the shade, they are likely to bear little fruit, but from them you will get a good green group or even a hedge. In this case, you can cut it as you like. And if you plant a plant for berries, it is best to place it separately in a sunny place. Depending on the purpose of the landing and the preparation of the place is different.
For a fruit-bearing bush it is necessary to prepare a pit, as for planting any other berry bushes (currants or gooseberries), fill it with humus and fertilizers. In this case, the distance between the bushes is maintained within 2-2,5 m.
And plants planted as hedges can be planted in a trench and much thicker, about 1-1,5 m. As for the planting process, the recommendations are the same as for the berry. And I probably will not list all this. We ourselves at the landing tried to take into account the terms that experts recommend.
It's either deep autumn or early spring. Since the winters are unpredictable and there is little snow along with the terrible cold, we decided to plant in the spring, and everything went well. Before planting, the roots were slightly trimmed, withstood them in Kornevin's solution, and after planting they shortened the seedling itself to 5-6 kidneys. They were afraid to cut off, but they believed the advice of agronomists and did not lose it. Plants took root and normally bear fruit. Now they are already 5 years old.
Taste and benefit
Well, about the main benefit, I have already said a little. Berries in chokeberry aronia taste to taste, however, and not as vigorous as in ordinary rowan, and more sentimental. Since I have known this taste since childhood, I generally do not mind the astringency.
Yes, our children are still wrinkling their nose, they say, I will never eat it, but I know that with age you appreciate this berry more and more. And while they, having eaten a couple of berries, are teased with violet tongues, compete, who is brighter. And I and the jam learned to cook from it, and I rub it with sugar and freeze it. And her husband is already experiencing recipes for home-made wine from the black cherry.
© Author: Anna Alekseevna Temnyakova
Chokeberry: both beautiful and useful
Chokeberry, or aronia, enjoys well-deserved attention from gardeners. There is no place where it would not grow.
Years ago 15 I also purchased an 2-year-old seedling with a good root system and planted it in the corner of the garden. Dug a pit 50 x 50 cm, fell asleep a bucket of humus, 150 g superphosphate and a glass of ash. Everything mixed, placed the seedling, by dumping it to 5 cm deeper than it had grown before. Abundantly watered and covered with peat and dry foliage. It was in the autumn. The bush has well got accustomed and wintered, and in the spring has started to grow.
It should be noted that aronia is unpretentious, resistant to colds and frosts, and, which is especially pleasant, is not damaged by pests and diseases.
Care of the plant is simple.
Abundantly watered, especially in the heat, and must make every 2 year in autumn or spring under a bush 0,5 buckets of compost or humus, 40 g superphosphate and a glass of ash. Has noticed: if not to fertilize, productivity decreases. Shrubs mulch, to water less, so as not to grow weeds.
The crop of aronia gives an annual and abundant. We have enough to eat fresh, dry and freeze for the winter, cook compote, juice and puree.
Until the age of 7, I carry out only sanitary pruning (I cut dry, broken branches growing inside the bush). And after 7 years in the spring, before budding, she cut off the old branches at the soil level. It is not difficult to determine them: on young branches, annual growths are at least 20 cm long, and on old ones they are very short.
Propagation of aronia with cuttings, root processes, division of the bush and layers. I apply the latter method.
The two lower branches are digging into the excavated track next to the bush, prisplymivayu branches, fall asleep fertile soil, abundantly watered, mulch. The top does not fall asleep, I then cut off for branching. To a new place I transplanted in the spring or autumn of the following year. The bushes by that time are well developed, have a powerful root system and begin to bear fruit in the third year.
On the content of organic acids in fruits, aronia considerably exceeds tangerines, strawberries, raspberries and red currants. It has a lot of vitamin P, iodine. There is also vitamin C, although in small quantities.
Aronia is widely used in the treatment of hypertension, thyroid diseases.
This is how the shrub brought from North America, has taken a great place in Russia and gives us such delicious and healing fruits.
© Author: V.I. Tikhonov
Chokeberry - chokeberry
Aronia on your site is a must. This plant grows as a shrub up to 1,7-1,8 m in height, but it can also grow in a standard form: if it is grafted onto an ordinary red mountain ash, it will be the same height as a red mountain ash. But the shrub has its advantages: it is very easy to pick berries. And with good care, the harvest is huge. All the branches are already lying on the ground under the weight of the berries, and you cannot tie them up - they can break from the weight of the berries. The berries are large and grow in clusters. You can plant rowan somewhere on the edge or just instead of a fence - there will be a beautiful green hedge.
The distance between plants should be 2 m. It is best to form a plant in 10 stems, no more. The stems that you have already bore more than 9 years old must be cut off and given the opportunity to grow in their place for other, young shoots.
I take care of black mountain ash as follows: in the fall, I pour water under each plant until the water is at the top. After that, under each plant I pour humus up to 5 buckets. In the spring I cut off the dried knots, I add fertilizers: 2 handfuls of superphosphate and half a handful of potassium salt, you can add several glasses of ash, and sprinkle with sawdust on top. Before flowering, the plant is again cast with water.
During flowering, I spray the plant with sweet water, in which I dilute a little jam and honey, and sugar is also possible.
During the season, you can make 1-2 fertilizing with slurry. I guarantee that after such a departure, you will harvest the harvest to everyone's surprise. I did not observe any pests of this mountain ash. Black mountain ash is an excellent stock for sweet-fruited red mountain ash, which propagates only by grafting. On such a rootstock, a lot of varieties of sweet-fruited mountain ash grow beautifully, such as, for example, Nevezhinskaya, Berekka, Burka, Dubolistnaya, Grecheskaya, Mugeotta, Vefed, Pomegranate Michurina, Beloplodnaya Kene, Large-fruited. In general, a pear is very well grafted on any mountain ash.
It is easy to propagate a blackberry by seeds, and at the same time it does not lose its maternal qualities. Seeds are best planted in the fall, before winter: during the winter outside, they will undergo complete stratification and grow well. I put them in boxes with earth and leave them on the street.
The seeds can be transformed at home in the refrigerator for 3-4 months. It is necessary to stratify in a cellophane bag, where you need to pour wet sand and mix with seeds. Humidity must be maintained, the bag must be constantly shaken. Then the seeds need to be transplanted into a box with soil to a depth of 5-6 cm and wait for germination.
I have tried almost everything that can be made from berries. The best part is jelly, syrup and liquor.
Chokeberry jelly
First you need to get juice, add 1 kg of sugar to 1 liter of juice and boil over the fire until the jelly is ready.
Chokeberry syrup
It is prepared in the same way as jelly, but you need to cook it not until the end, until it becomes steep, but a little liquid. The syrup is then very well diluted with carbonated mineral water. Better than any drink and lemonade, everything natural and healthy for the body can be diluted with plain water, but carbonated water is better.
Chokeberry liqueur
You need to take 3 kg of rowan berries and heat over very low heat until the juice appears. After squeezing, mix with 3 liters of pure alcohol and let it brew for 24 hours. Filter, add sugar and vanillin to your taste. Pour into bottles after the sugar has dissolved. After squeezing the juice, there is always a pulp, it does not need to be thrown away. Collect all the pulp. From 4 kg of pulp and 1 kg of sugar, make a sourdough, adding a little pure water. Sourdough is a substitute for yeast, as it is undesirable to use yeast. Let it ferment, stand, strain, filter, let stand still to clarify the infusion. And you have a wonderful strong drink.
Rowan strengthens the walls of blood vessels and also helps against many diseases. It contains a myriad of vitamins. It is very useful in winter and early spring: when there are still few vitamins in your diet, the syrup can be diluted and drunk. Rowan syrup has a high concentration, so you need to dilute more, it's a matter of your taste.
© Author: I. Ya. Uryupin, Tambov
ABOUT THE BENEFITS OF ARONIA
Black chokeberry berries are not very popular, about nothing! After all, the useful substances contained in them will help strengthen the immune system and add variety to the usual dishes.
We have chokeberry (chokeberry) growing on our site. Its fruits are a storehouse of various vitamins. Especially a lot of trace elements in it: iron - it, by the way, is four times more than in apples - as well as calcium and magnesium.
Aronia is an unpretentious and very productive plant. A few years ago, in the fall, we purchased a two-year-old seedling. A week before the purchase, a landing pit was prepared with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm. l. nitrophoska, 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate, added earth, mixed and poured back into the pit, watering. Before planting, the roots of the seedling were shortened by half, because they were too long. Planted, watered, sprinkled with earth and mulched with peat. In early spring, the mountain ash was treated with Bordeaux liquid according to the instructions. When it got a little warmer, we freed the root neck from the earth and mulch. As soon as the leaves began to bloom on the plant, the bush was watered with a weak solution of mullein (3:1). Before the start of flowering, they fed it again - for half a bucket of compost diluted with water (20:1) 10 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate. The third dressing was given after picking berries - 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulphate per Yule of water.
Every year in early spring we cut off dry branches and excess shoots, forming a compact bush with five to six developed shoots. The first two years the plant was not pruned, removing only frozen and broken branches.
The doctor told us about the benefits of this berry for the health of the body. The fact is that our daughter has problems with the thyroid gland.
For additional treatment of goiter, the doctor advised to wipe the berry with sugar in a 1: 1 ratio and take 1 tsp. three times per day.
We store the drug in jars under the lid in the refrigerator. When the daughter was pregnant, she ate berries in small portions - 2 tsp. berries with sugar in a ratio of 1: 1 - and thus saved from toxicosis.
We also make vitamin winter tea. We take aronia berries and rose hips in equal parts, mix and to 1 tbsp. l. mix add 2 tsp. dried mint leaves, pour two cups of boiling water, cook for 10 minutes over low heat, then insist for four hours. You can drink half a cup two or three times a day in a warm form.
And powdered dry chokeberry berries are added to dishes by 1 tsp. - they give sourness and help lower blood pressure. You can also make sauces with it, just work with gloves: chokeberry juice is poorly washed.
© Author: Olga Vladimirovna Aleksandrova
BLACK FRUIT ROWAN ARONIA - LANDING AND CARE ON VIDEO
© Author: Author: Gegechkori BC
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Tell me the secrets of growing chokeberry. What must be provided?
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— Chokeberry, or chokeberry, is a fairly unpretentious plant that will delight you in the spring during lush flowering, in the summer when the harvest ripens, and in the fall during the period of purple leaf fall. There are no differences in the technology of growing chokeberry in comparison with other berry crops. But what you need to take special care of is protecting the crop from being pecked by birds. Try not to place plantings in areas where you do not walk regularly, such as far from home. You can also purchase special nets and cover the bushes with them.
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In fact, chokeberry is a problem-free plant, resistant to diseases and pests. Previously, my main concern was to protect the berries from thrushes hunting them. But once upon a time my mountain bushes were attacked by a mountain ash.
I don’t know why the pest was so named - there is nothing fiery in the appearance. The butterfly is gray-brown, looks like a moth. Harmful caterpillars are greyish green. They settle on the inflorescences of mountain ash, hawthorn, chokeberry, entangling them with a cobweb. They feed on the ovaries, later on berries, gradually gnaw the leaves.
With a small lesion, it is enough to pluck and destroy the infected inflorescences. If the attack on the bush turned out to be massive (as I had - in that year were
all rowan in the district are infected), it will be necessary to resort to insecticides additionally. Ideally, you need to do this a week before flowering. If you do not want to use the chemistry, then you can treat the shrubs with infusion of tansy, Dalmatian chamomile or wormwood. However, such spraying works on individuals caught outside, and those that were at the time of processing under the protection of the cobwebs, will survive.
Hibernate in the upper layer of the soil. Therefore, in autumn it is necessary to remove all the foliage and loosen the soil in the near-barrel circle, and in spring add a layer of humus and peat there. This will make it more difficult for the overwintering pests to leave, and will also be an excellent feeding for the bush.
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Chokeberry grows in almost every garden, but it certainly is not the main plant for our gardens.
Hands do not reach her in time to collect: apples hang around, plums are poured - not up to her! And blame yourself when you walk past with another bowl of apples. But in vain! That's how everyone knows that ordinary mountain ash, red, after the first frosts is not so bitter as before, and black chokeberry knits less after frosts!
So now I clean everything in due time, calmly deal with these endless apples, and she just waits in the wings, and then you can cook it together with the same apples - we will meet together in a red jam!
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We inherited a summer cottage with an old garden. In particular, there is a huge bush of chokeberry. She looks like a shaggy grandmother. Branches in different directions, there are a lot of them, but few fruits. You don’t want to uproot the old chokeberry. Is it possible to rejuvenate her?
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To obtain a good harvest, aronia needs regular pruning and the formation of a bush. The main fruiting is formed on branches younger than 8 years, and if not pruned, then the fruiting will move to the periphery, and in the middle of the bush there will be barren jungles from old branches.
Pruning pruning is carried out in the spring, removing the sick, old, growing inside the crown, weak shoots. Do not leave the hemp, and all cuts larger than 4 cm must necessarily be treated with gel varnish or garden varnish. The number of branches of an adult plant should not exceed 10 pcs.
Aronia perfectly transfers cardinal pruning. When a young shoot appears on the site of the old bush, you should start forming a new bush from it - leave several strong branches, trim all shoots to 15-20 cm in height, and cut out the remaining shoot. Next year, you need to add a few more branches from young shoots - and so on for several years, until a bush of 10 branches is formed;
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Arony on the stem: an unusual form
To make the garden unusual, it is not necessary to plant exotic trees. You can, for example, create charming shtabovye miniatures from the usual argot chanting. There are two ways to achieve this form.
Pruning. The bush is left with one of the strongest shoots and forms a round crown. You can leave 2-3 close-growing shoots, weave them into a pigtail and fasten. Aronia perfectly tolerates a haircut, and the life span of its individual trunks reaches 10 years. Only it is necessary several times per season to remove the formed root shoots.
Graft. The stalk of chokeberry is planted on the 1-2-year-old seedling of the mountain ash. Tissue compatibility at them is good, the graft and the stock have the same winter hardiness. All ashberry shoots appearing below the site of inoculation are removed, and the crown of chokeberry is formed by pinching the ends of branches. Since ordinary rowan grows long, such a combined tree will decorate the site for many years. In this case, the grafted black chokeberry will blossom magnificently and bear fruit abundantly.
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For many years, chokeberry grows in my garden. She always fruited well, but this season something happened to her: she gave very few berries. I, frankly, did not fertilize it, only carried out pruning, but until the last season there were no problems. Something went wrong?
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Aronia, or chokeberry, is an unpretentious culture. It bears fruit every year and gives up to 8 kg of berries from one bush. If the bush has grown greatly, a large number of root shoots has appeared, then the yield drops sharply. On one bush, you must leave up to 25 strong shoots of different ages. The root shoot needs to be dug up and cut off in soil from the parent plant. Also pruned are old branches with small fruits.
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Previously, I constantly picked black chokeberries at the wrong time - either too early, when the berries are knitted strongly, then too late, when they are already too softened by frost.
It turned out that it is not so difficult to determine the dates for collecting fruits.
I used to think that the darkening of the fruits indicates their ripeness, but this is not so. Berries need to ripen on the bush. They begin to get dark in early August, but they collect them in late September - early October.
It is better to do this after the first autumn frosts, then the fruits become softer and sweeter, their astringency decreases. Also it was ripe
fruits can be estimated by their color: if they are black with a wax coating, then it's time to collect them.
That the bush gave a good harvest for the next year, in September I fertilize it. To do this, I first water the soil properly, then I seal it into the stock circle 2 st. l. double superphosphate and 1 st. l. potash fertilizer.
We have to bend the arboreus in Siberia. To winter the plant covered the snow, I bind the branches of several pieces and attach them to the previously hammered low stakes. But in warm regions, chokeberry ashberry perfectly hibernates and without any shelter.
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Fire a chalet with chokeberry
Aronia beautifully blooms and yields every year. Thanks to selection, black aronia (red to a lesser extent) is resistant to severe winters, shortages of light and heat, unpretentious to the composition of soils. So for our climate it is perfectly suitable. Many gardeners grow aronia purely for decorative purposes (it looks great as a hedge!). I advise you not to neglect its fruits-they are tart taste, but very useful. Berries contain vitamin P, sorbitol, pectin, useful acids, as well as iodine, which is especially important for iodine deficiency regions of our country. Fruits are great for juices, jams, home-made wines.
Choose for peatbogs peat soils with good water permeability and a neutral environment, but the illumination of the place does not matter. It needs only organic fertilizers, in autumn and in spring. A bush does not need to be formed specially, it is enough to remove damaged and weak branches in time. Often watering aronia is not worth it, usually it lacks rain water. However, in dry weather it is necessary to water from time to time. It is impossible to allow soil compaction, so if the aronia grows on clay soil, every time after watering or rain, the root canopy should be loosened. If severe winter is expected, you should scorch as much snow as possible to the bush or, if the plant is young, low, cover it with sacking.
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Tell us, please, about the varieties of the black-browed mountain ash of Vence and Nadzeya.
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These varieties were brought out by Belarusian scientists A.I. Bachilo, L.M. Isachenko and AM Dmitrieva. Plants of medium ripening period, winter hardy, yielding. They have an attractive appearance. Both varieties are self-fertilized. They enter fruiting at 3-4 year. Relatively resistant to diseases and pests. The berries are pleasant sweet-sour, slightly astringent taste.
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Chornoplodka likes to freeze
Aronia, it's chokeberry, it's very useful. In addition, it does not require special care and fructifies annually. Berries ripen by the end of August, but at this time they still have a tart taste.
We prefer to collect chokeberry in September. We wait until at least a slight frost will strike, then the berries will become more tender and juicy. We immediately remove part of the crop, and leave it until the middle of October. Separate the fruit from the branches with scissors. Inflorescences on which berries are formed, do not cut off for a while. In this form, the black cherry tree is kept well almost all winter. In the cellar we hang up the bunches of chokeberry, we cover it from above with a newspaper or cloth.
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Arony-good
Many in the orchards grow aronia black-berry, which becomes especially beautiful in autumn. We also have this shrub, which we love not only for beauty, but also for the healing properties of its fruits.
Chokeberry berries are useful for people suffering from jumps in blood pressure, iodine deficiency, those who are often sick or have just had a cold. We treat rheumatism juice aronia. Take it for 0,5 hours before meals 1-3 tbsp. l thrice a day. To make juice, take 1 kg of ripe fruit. Knead the berries in a small saucepan and pour 1/2 cup of cold water. We warm everything at a temperature of 60 ″ for 15-20 minutes. Then pour the juice into sterile jars and tightly close with clean lids. Keep in a cool place.
With beriberi we take infusion. We take 1 st. l. berries on 1 a glass of water. Boil 1 min., Let it brew until the mixture has cooled to room temperature, and take an 1 / 2 glass of 3 a day before meals.
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RYABINA BLACK FRUIT
Save and multiply the arboreal arboreal bush by division, horizontal and vertical layers, lignified and green cuttings or grafting. In autumn, you need to dig a bush and divide into several parts, which must immediately be planted in a permanent place. This is the easiest and fastest way, but from one bush you can only get 3-5 new ones. Horizontal and vertical layers reproduce chokeberry in the same way as currants or gooseberries: in spring the strong 1-2-summer branches are bent to the ground, they are sprinkled with soil. And in autumn you can try to dig up the rhizome offspring. Plant blackberry on ordinary mountain ash.
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The aronia melts
Previously, my chokeberry yielded large juicy fruits, but now - every year, the fruits are getting smaller. Green foliage, no pests found. What is the reason for chopping chokeberry berries?
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Aronia is a fairly unpretentious plant. But she also requires some care. To help chokeberry, if its fruits were chopped, you can - feed it with nitrogen fertilizers, loosen the soil, in the fall, apply complex fertilizers. In addition, even if the bush has not changed outwardly, be sure to carry out sanitary and shaping pruning. It helps to improve aeration, access of sunlight to all parts of the plant.
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I have never tried to breed black arthropods, or, as it is also called, barley snouts. It turned out to be very simple!
As soon as spring came into its own, I selected several 4-year-old branches along the edges of the bushes, carefully bent them to the ground and secured them with pegs with hooks. The place of attachment was covered with a layer of fertile soil - 10-12 cm. It was sprinkled so that 5-6 upper kidneys remained "on the street". With the help of pebbles, she slightly raised the tops of the branches above the ground.
After a few weeks sprouts appeared. When
they reached a height of 5-7 cm, slightly sprinkled them with earth. I repeated the procedure when the sprouts rose to 20-25 cm, so that the young rowan beads developed better the root system.
By the middle of autumn, on independent layers, independent plants were actually formed. With a shovel I cut them off from the mother branches, dug them together with large clods of earth, neatly divided into parts and transplanted them into pre-prepared places.
All the young bushes have taken root well, without hibernation, and actively went into growth in the spring.
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Usually, the fruits of the black chokeberry (aronia chokeberry) ripen in August. They keep well on the branches, so they can safely hang on the tree for several months. In general, these fruits tolerate frosts well, without losing their medicinal properties, but with thawing, vitamin P is partially destroyed in them. In addition, the frozen fruits are stored worse than those that were collected before frost.
As a rule, rose hips are harvested in late summer or early autumn, when they contain the greatest amount of vitamin C. After frost, their flesh becomes sweeter, the amount of sugars increases, but the content of vitamin C decreases. At the same time, the fruits themselves become soft and can be used only for rapid processing. 46 House in the Garden
After frosts, you can also collect ordinary ash, cranberries, cranberries, kalina, sea buckthorn, thorns.
The fruits of mountain ash and viburnum lose their inherent bitterness under the influence of negative temperatures, so they are often specially frozen in a freezer or left on branches until winter.
For consumption in fresh form, sea buckthorn is harvested in August - early September. And to get sea buckthorn oil and jam, when the appearance of fruits does not matter much, you can start harvesting after the first frosts (the frozen fruits easily fall off branches and do not need to be plucked by hand).
Fruit of a thorn because of the high maintenance of tannins and acids after maturing it is a little edible in a fresh kind. And touched by frost, they lose their astringency and become more sweet and tasty.
The berries of cranberries and cowberries do not lose taste and appearance due to the content of benzoic acid even after prolonged freezing, but after wintering, the content of vitamins (especially C) in them decreases significantly, so harvest better before the onset of frost.
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We have not been to the dacha for a very long time, so we reconciled ourselves to the fact that the harvest of black arctic mountain ash and dog rose will reach the birds. But the fruits have waited for us. Tell me, can I collect them after freezing? What other cultures are unpretentious in this sense?