How to grow onions, what is its difference from the bulb, photo and variety.

Shallot has many names and synonyms: for example shawl, sorokozubka, charlotte, kuschevka, kupovka. Latin name: Allium ascalonicum L.

His Latin name he received from the city of Askalon (Palestine).

Initial information about the chalet refers to 1261 year. In the middle of the century, shallot onion together with garlic and onions quickly spread in Normandy.

Shallot is grown in India, Egypt and Greece, as well as in Europe. In our country, it is common in the Caucasus, the Far East, as well as in neighboring countries - in Kazakhstan, Ukraine.

In Siberia, the Non-chernozem zone, the shallots began to grow relatively recently, but quickly gained popularity because of its properties

By its properties and features, including growing, the shallot onion is close to onion, it is distinguished only by very strong branchedness, smaller bulbs and better preservation.

From one canopy bulb you can get a nest containing up to 40 bulbs with a total mass of up to half a kilogram. The weight of the bulb in different varieties on average 15-30. The bulbs of the shallow are multichannel (the number can reach 25-30 pieces).

Shallots are grown first of all for the sake of greens - juicy, tender, vitamin and aromatic and for the sake of small but very well-stored onions. Shallot is precocious.

Shallot is rich in nutrients, vitamins B₁, AT₂, PP, carotene and necessary for human salts. The table presents some summary data on the composition of the shallot.

Chemical composition of shallots
Substances	content
	in the leaves	in bulbs
Dry matter,%	8,5-10,7	14,2-22,0
Sugar (total),%	2,8-4,0	8,1-13,6
Protein,%	2,0-2,8	2,9
Ascorbic acid, mg / 100g	54,9-70,8	5,7-8,3
Essential oils, mg / 100g	-	28,0-34,0

Like the onions, northern forms of shallots often have a sharp taste and yellow color of the bulbs, southern forms are semi-acute and sweet, with purple dry scales.

Botanical and biological features of Shallot onions.

Shalot is a very winter hardy onion.

Although the best for its successful cultivation is the temperature in 19-20 degrees, shallot bulbs can withstand frosts up to 2-5 degrees, and the seeds of this kind of onion germinate already at the onset of three, four degrees of heat ..

How to propagate shallots

In the cultivation and propagation of shallots onion there is one feature. The thing is that when it grows in a perennial culture in one place, it degenerates and begins to reduce the quality and quantity of the crop. So when growing a shallow on the forest, it begins to degenerate already through 12-14 years, in irrigated plots through 20-25 years. Of course, for summer residents this is not so important, but if you plan to grow onions for sale, then this should be taken into account.

To update the planting material resort to seed propagation.

So when planting a shallow in spring, shoots from seven to twelve percent of plants, when planting a shallot in autumn about half (sometimes more - up to 70%).

Seeds are formed on plants with a mass of bulbs not less than 60 grams, these plants are generally capable of forming more than 4x arrows. Seeds in shallots are smaller in size than in onions.

Also, when planting a shallow, consider that it can easily interbreed with a common onion, so that "shallot was a shallow" plant it away from his brother.

Soils and precursors for shallots with rules of crop rotation и compatibility of plants.

The technique of growing shallots in principle does not differ in any way from the cultivation of onions (more details here и here).

The soil, of course, like any onion needs fertile, necessarily very loose and fertilized, cleared of weeds with a level Ph 6.7 - 7.0, but the best precursor for shallots are any beans - proven in practice more than once. On the same site, landing shallots shall not be done more than once every three or four years, the last term being preferable.

As already noted above, it is not recommended to plant together onions and shallots - spatial isolation is needed not only to ensure that these species of bows do not cross, because the shallots and onions have common and diseases and pests.

Under autumn plowing it is necessary to make humus (4-6 kg / sq. M.).

Before planting the shallows in the spring during the deep digging of the site, add fertilizers - superphosphates (25 grams per square meter), ammonium nitrate (from 15 to 20 grams per 1m²), as well as calcium chloride (up to 15 grams per square meter).

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See also: Cultivation and photo of many-tiered onions

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Landing shallots landing.

To obtain greens and bulbs, the shallots are planted in early spring.

Bulbs for planting should be selected with a mass of not less than 9-10 grams (based on 190-250 grams per 1m²) and a diameter in the middle of not less than 3 centimeters.

Landing shallots are made in rows, the distance between which should not exceed 20 centimeters, and if you plant larger bulbs, then 30ti. The optimal distance between the bulbs is 7 centimeters, and they are sealed to a depth of up to 5 centimeters (photo 2).

Shallots - planting

Care for herbs plants.

It consists in the destruction of weeds, interrow cultivation, fertilizing, and with a lack of water in the soil - watering.

For normal growth and development of the shallot during the growing season, it is necessary to carry out two additional fertilizing. The first one - in 2 weeks after mass bulb growth, with a bird droppings, mullein (in the ratio 1 to 10), diluted slurry (1 to 5).

The consumption is approximately as follows: 1 solution bucket for 10 sq. M. m landings.

In the absence of organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers (10 g / m2 of ammonium nitrate and 10-15 g / sq m of superphosphate) are used.

The second feeding is carried out at the beginning of bulb formation (10-15 grams at 1 m² potassium chloride and 15-20 grams of superphosphate). Pour in dry season 1-3 times in 15-20 l / m².

During the growing season, 2-3 hand weeding and 3-4 inter-row treatments are carried out.

Plants are damaged by the same diseases and pests as onions, so the remedies are protected - as for onions.

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Reference by topic: Schnitt onion - growing, photo, properties

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Cleaning.

Shallots are ripening faster than onions.

Harvest the shallots in the period from the second decade of July, that is, when the leaves begin to dry up.

Keep in mind that cleaning the shallot for storage should be done in due time to avoid the germination of its bulbs.

The mechanism of harvesting is simple and no different from harvesting onions - carefully pull out the nests from the ground, divide into separate bulbs, necessarily dry well (it is possible and even better in the sun), cut off the green part, and then weave braids (more: How to weave braids from onions)

After ripening, before storing the bulbs for storage, the seed material must be warmed at a temperature of at least 30-40 degrees for 14 days.

Shallot on the seeds

As already noted above, shallots degenerate when propagated in a vegetative manner.

Its bulbs become small, genetic diseases accumulate (for example, "viral mosaic"). To avoid these unpleasant consequences of perennial vegetative propagation resort to seedling seed propagation.

Therefore, it is recommended that periodically (three years) receive shallots. In addition, before planting the bulbs must be carefully sorted, removing the sick and damaged. It is necessary to observe spatial isolation from other crops and onion planting. Seeds of shallots are smaller than those of onions, so the seeding rate is 0,4-0,6 grams per 1 m². In other respects, the agrotechnics of its cultivation is similar to the cultivation of onion from the seeds.

To obtain seeds bulbs shallots planted in the second and third decades of November. Seed site should be removed from the testes onions.

Varieties of shallots.

Varieties of shallots are very numerous. As a rule, they are all regional, derived from native plants and in each region of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

We shall call the sorts of weeds known to us suitable for cultivation in the South of Russia.

The Kuban yellow D-322 - variety of selection of KNIIOKH. Middle-aged, semi-acute, drought-resistant. Bulb is round-flat, dense, with three or four rudiments. The total weight of the bulbs in one nest is 65-100 grams, and one bulb 27-30 grams.

Kunak - variety of selection KNIIOKH, mid-ripening, vegetation period 90-100 days. The color of dry scales is yellow with a brown tinge. The taste is sharp, the shelf life is high. Yield of leaves 1,8-3 kg / square. m, bulbs 2-2,6 kg / sq. m. m.

Belozerets-94 - variety of selection KNIIOKH, early ripening. The vegetation period of the cultivar averages 85 days. The total weight of the bulbs of one nest of this sort of shallot from 100 to 120 grams, the bulbs are round oval in shape, quite dense. The color is light lilac. Harvest capacity of bulbs 2-2,5 kilogram from one square meter.

Sir-7 - selection variety SibNIIR, precocious, spicy. The bulb is rounded flat, the weight of one onion of this variety of shallots is from 20 to 40 grams, the color of the scales is golden yellow, slightly pink. As a rule, from four to seven bulbs in a nest. The variety has good keeping quality - during the period of winter storage, 70–80%.

The shallot can be grow in the room - boxes, pots, etc. If you grow on a balcony or loggia, then with good care for a shallot you can easily get not only greens to the table, but even bulbs. In the room conditions, they also produce forcing - they begin to do it in the second half of February. In the closed ground (greenhouses and greenhouses) shallots can also be grown without difficulty and special care, because the soil there is usually very fertile.

Shallots in cooking

It is used for food, using it as a seasoning for a wide variety of dishes - since it has its own dish-like smell, the dishes receive the necessary zest, and it also improves digestion and appetite. Leaves, as well as onion bulbs serve as spices in cooking, they prepare salads, they are added to soups, meat dishes, marinades, omelettes, sandwiches, they are a part of numerous sauces, marinades, vegetable, meat and fish canned food. Recently, shallots have received great application in many French and English dishes, where it is used instead of onions.

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CHALOT ONION - GROWING AND VARIETIES, PLANTING AND CARE: TIPS FROM GARDENERS

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DELICATES AND CAMELOT

I have lived in the village all my adult life, and I seem to know a lot, but I always find a lot of new things. I try to immediately try something on the beds, I put something in the "piggy bank" in order to test it in practice in the future.

So, for example, I was excited by the comments of readers about shallots. Not that I didn't know about him before, but just the one that I met was very small. Moreover, I have never seen large-fruited varieties at all, therefore I did not breed this crop. But after carefully studying a selection of letters about shallots, I decided to get to know him better. This spring I bought two varieties of seeds - Delicatessen and Camelot, and at the same time, out of curiosity, I also bought a bag of Brunswick red onions. The latter was sown on April 2 in a box for seedlings, and shallots - on April 20, directly into the ground.

The whole bow rose well and began to develop rapidly. Delicacy and Camelot did not disappoint my expectations: their bulbs grew quite large - from 80 to 120 g. But the red one did not want to ripen, stood like a staunch tin soldier, so I almost had to break it to bend it, they were so juicy and thick he has feathers!

But after bending down, they rose to the sun, and I left the onion in the ground in the hope that he would come to his senses without my help, and his bulbs would ripen. However, in September, the temperature suddenly dropped to - 7 °, and the feathers froze, turning into slippery "rags". I had to urgently dig out the harvest.

The bulbs still grew quite large (some could hardly fit in the palm of your hand), with a very powerful root system. So I don’t know how they will be stored. If they still survive the winter, I will definitely plant several of these beauties in the new season.

True, there is one more reason to continue the experiment. The bag indicated that this onion succeeds well in annual culture, but I found that in its bulbs under the upper scales there are four separate slices - exactly the same as in Delicacy. This discovery surprised me a lot. Maybe this Brunswick is actually a shallot too? Hope to learn more about him next season. In the meantime, I would like to hear the opinions of gardeners about such a miracle. Maybe someone came across something similar?

And I also have a question regarding the "normal" shallot. In "Dacha" I met mentions of such "large-fruited" varieties as Water Lily, Sprint, Garant and Sophocles. But did the authors indicate the names correctly? I cannot find such a bow anywhere yet. Dear gardeners, if someone has such a bow, please share!

© Author: Karolina VOROBIEVA. Omsk region

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CHALOT ONION - LANDING AND CARE: VIDEO

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