Apple varieties on dwarf and semi-dwarfish rootstocks for Central Russia and the Urals
Dwarfish and semi-dwarf apple rootstocks for the Middle Volga and the Urals
Low trees on dwarf stocks are becoming more popular, not only in the south, but also in regions with a harsh climate.
In conditions of the Middle Volga and South Urals, semi-dwarfish rootstocks, whose trees do not exceed 3-3,5 m in height, were the most attractive, while they are characterized by rapidity and high yield.
Zoned apple varieties for the Middle Volga region (Spartak, Kuibyshev, Kutuzovets, Zhigulevskoe, Papilovka's Daughter) and for the Southern Urals (Bashkir handsome, Grushovka Moscow, Silver hoof, Mild, Brother-miracle) are well compatible with clonal rootstocks. The first harvest on semi-dwarfish stocks is obtained at 3-4-th year, and commodity under favorable conditions for 4-5-th year after planting.
But plantings on dwarf stocks were less adapted; they early, at 2-3-th year, are loaded with a crop and stop growing, 7-8-year-old trees show a sharp periodicity of fruiting.
We tested clonal stock more than 30 years.
The steppe zone of the Southern Urals with its harsh conditions was the polygon where clonal stock was tested for winter hardiness and drought resistance of the root system. The temperature in the plow horizon decreases every 2-3 year to minus 13-15 °. In the summer (July-August) on the surface of the soil, it rises to 60-64 °.
Absence of precipitation (very often during 1,5-2 months) leads to the drying of the soil to a depth of up to 1,5 m and more. The fertility of local soils is low, with humus content up to 3%, the thickness of the horizon does not exceed 25-30 cm.
In these conditions, semi-dwarfish stocks of the selection of the Department of Fruit Growing of the Michurin Agrarian University (XUUMX-54-118), 64-143, Estonian stock E-56, E-63, selection stocks of the Orenburg OSSiV Ural 5, Ural 11.
Of the group of dwarf rootstocks, the most interesting are the stocks of Arm-18 (Armenian NIIP, by L.A. Apoyan), K-2 (Crimean OSS, author A.Tatarinov), SPS-7 (Saratov OSS, author P.K. Shuvalov), R-60 (Polish rootstock, town of Skernewice), Ural 1 (Orenburg OSSiV, authors EZ Savin, GR Mursalimova).
We give characteristics of rootstocks of the greatest interest.
SEMI-LAYERED HELLO
54-118 - red-leafed form (Budagovsky para-diz x 13-14), winter hardiness of the root system minus 15-16 °, drought tolerance high. The wood is durable, the productivity of the uterine bushes is up to 10-12 standard layering, the rooting is satisfactory, the compatibility with the varieties is good. Trees 3-3,5 m high, bear fruit in the 4th-5th year.
64-143 - green leaf form (Budagovsky’s paradise 49-290), winter hardiness of the root system minus 15-16 °, drought tolerance high. The wood is durable, the productivity of the uterine bush is 25-30 standard layering. Rooting of layers is good, 4-4,2 points. Trees up to 3,5-4 m high. Their preservation and productivity are high.
E-56 - green leaf form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 16-17 °, drought tolerance high. Strong wood. The productivity of the uterine bush is 20-25 standard layering. Rooting of layers is good, 4-4,2 points. Grade compatibility is good. Trees 3-3,5 m high, bear fruit in the 4th-5th year.
Ural 5 - red-leafed form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 15-16 °, drought tolerance high. Strong wood. The productivity of the uterine bush 10-12 standard layering. The rooting of the layering is high, 4,2-4,5 points. Trees on this stock are fast-growing, up to 3-3,5 m high. Preservation and productivity are high.
Ural 11 - red-leafed form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 14-16 °, average drought tolerance. Strong wood. The rooting of the layering is high, 4,3-4,5 points. The productivity of the uterine bush is 8-10 standard layering. Trees are fast-growing, up to 2,5-3 m high.
See also: Column-shaped apple trees - planting and care
Dwarfish pre-worms
AWP-18 - green leaf form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 14-16 °, average drought tolerance. The wood is fragile. The growth of the uterine bush is moderate, the bush is sprawling. Rooting of layering 4-4,2 points. The productivity of the uterine bush is 20-25 standard layering. Early-growing trees, up to 2-2,5 m high, require support.
K-2 - green leaf form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 14-15 °, average drought tolerance. Spreading bush. Bush productivity 8-10 standard layering. Rooting layers 4 points. Trees are fast-growing, 2-2,5 m high, well rooted.
ATP 7 - red-leafed form (seedling from free pollination of the Budagovsky Paradise), winter hardiness of the root system minus 15-16 °, high drought tolerance. The bush is slender. Bush productivity 10-12 layers. Rooting is good, 4-4,2 points. There are no premature shoots on the layers. Fruiting in the 2-3rd year. Trees 2.5-3 m high, well rooted.
R-60 is a red-leafed form. The bush is semi-spreading. The productivity of the uterine bush 10-12 layers. Rooting is good, 4 points. Fruiting in the 2-3rd year. Trees are fast-growing, up to 2-2,5 m high, well rooted.
Ural 1 - green leaf form, winter hardiness of the root system minus 15-16 °, drought tolerance is good. The wood is fragile. The productivity of the uterine bush is 12-15 standard layering. Rootability of layering is above 4 points. Trees up to 1,5-2 m high, early-growing, require support in the garden.
In the photo: Vasyugan Grade on the Ural-5 stock
Authors: E.Savin (doctor of science), G.Mursalimova (Candidate of Sciences)
KARLIKOVY STAMBOVYA TERTIBUILDING SPECIES OF APPLE
In the dreams of gardeners are often present fabulous images in which you want to believe.
In particular, many are inspired by the fantastic image of a fruit tree with a small crown and an abundance of fruits.
And now this dream begins to come true.
Readers have probably looked at the photos.
On them are dwarf, standard, abundantly bearing varieties of apple trees, which we have combined under the name Russian Lapochki.
How is this possible? We reacted in much the same way when we saw the first results of our experiments. We will immediately reveal the secret: it is the inoculation of several cuttings of a columnar apple on a tall shtamb. The first experiments were conducted by us in the distant 2000, and their goal was completely different. The fact is that we were actively engaged in the selection of columnar apple trees, and she bestowed upon us a fantastic variety of forms and species. In particular, among the column hybrids, such dwarfs came across, the height of which at 5 was not more than 40-50, see cm.
Planted in an experimental garden at 2 age and having a height of 15-20, see, they were simply lost! We had no idea how to use such plants in the future, so the idea was born for the convenience of studying to plant them on a tall stem. For several years, a compact spherical crown was formed from such grafts in several plants, which was amazingly beautiful during the flowering period and densely covered with ruddy fruits, as the tennis player's net is filled with balls.
Incidentally, it took several years to find out that only certain varieties form a beautiful spherical crown and that many columns that were already being grown did not give a spherical crown and such abundant fruiting. Only some varieties of columns meet this goal well (by now there are more of them than 50). At the next stage of the study, it was understood that the shaping of the sweetheart does not exclude the columnar apple, but, on the contrary, helps to discover its potential more deeply and helps the gardener to obtain a fruit plant with improved properties of the columnar apple and eliminate some of its drawbacks.
So, it is well known that the top of a column-like apple tree often freezes due to prolonged growth, which is provoked by gardeners themselves with unreasonable fertilizing and watering. So, the freezing and branching of the tops of the branches in the paws is not of key importance and is often completely imperceptible, since this is a spherical crown.
In addition, the spherical crown makes it possible to carry out pruning in order to regulate the load of the crop and eliminate the periodicity of fruiting. In an ordinary columnar apple, these operations are impossible.
The location of the fruiting zone on the shtambil reduces the likelihood of damage to flower buds by low temperatures in winter.
And the most important thing is that the Achilles heel of many column-like varieties is a poor bookmark of flower buds and, consequently, poor fruiting. So, high shtamb and srednerosly clone rootstock, which we use, well stimulate the bookmark of flower buds and ensure stable fruiting. Since we are also breeding a superdwarf pear, we tried it for these shapes. As it turned out, such a pear is even better than an apple tree and tends to form beautiful exhibition plants. But unfortunately, there are still very few winter-hardy varieties of such pears, we will have to wait several years when they appear.
The main problem that interferes and will interfere with the replication of this new product is the complexity of obtaining such plants. Most of the beautiful trees that you see in the photo are 5-6 years old, and the cost of growing them is comparable to a large-sized apple tree. But a 5-year-old krupnomer can cost 5-20 thousand rubles. Naturally, there will not be many who want to buy a small, even very beautiful, plant for that price. So, their nurseries will not grow.
Main varieties that have been widely tested:
Carmelite. Red leaf decorative variety.
Summer sweet. The column is semi-dwarf type, very productive. The fruits are large and very large, weighing up to 250 g. Ripen in mid-August. Coloring: 2/3 of the fruit is burgundy. Variety disadvantage: the fruits are prone to shedding.
Scarlet Sails. The semi-dwarf column is winter-hardy enough in the central zone. Fruits weighing 150-200 g, slightly flat. Ripen in early September. Variety resistant to scab. Amazingly bright # the scarlet color of the fruit literally attracts to such a tree.
White sweet Variety with very tasty white and yellow fruits. Ripen in late August. Melting pulp allows you to really enjoy the taste of apple. Variety resistant to scab.
It is hardy in the central zone of gardening.
Sweet green. Dwarf column with fruits of yellow-green color, excellent gentle taste, mass of 130-140. Mature at the end of September. Stored until February. The high-yielding grade resistant to scab.
© Author: M. Kachalkin, breeder, candidate of agricultural sciences LLC "Experimental Selection Nursery"
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Caring for columnar trees - the correct formation of a "column" - my advice (Orenburg)
- We plant a dwarfish, undersized garden - a professional advises
- Apple varieties on dwarf and semi-dwarfish rootstocks for Central Russia and the Urals
- Bonsai garden - pros and cons
- Winter hardiness and drought resistance of dwarf trees
- Planting dwarf apple trees - the pros and cons
- Productivity - the quantity and quality of fruits in a trellis garden with dwarf trees
- Dwarf and trellis gardening - history and development. Dusen and Paradise.
- Colon-shaped trees - planting care and shaping
- Dwarf trees: pros and cons - PROFESSIONAL reviews
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DAY GOOD TO ALL !! THE RIGHT DECISION ON THE QUESTION WITH THE SEXY DARK ROBBER !!! YABLONI BRINGS TO THE MARK OF GIVING THE URAL 5 GROW UP TO ME IN THE GARDEN, PLUS AND IN THE HEIGHT AND IN THE LOCATION ON THE AREA !! ON THE SEED ALSO, GOOD, HONEST, YOU NEED TO KNOW WHAT YOU HAVE BUYED FOR THE GRADE AND IS IT IMPORTANT IT! CAN RECOMMEND TO SUCH AS MANTET, summer striped, Melba and daughter Papirovka by autumn BROTHER Wonderful, handsome Sverdlovsk, Nastya, Kuibyshev, Lobo, Zhiguliovsk IF POLUKULTURKU -That URAL bulked, well on pear Krasulya, fabulous, Chizhovski And SVERDLOVCHANKU !! VARIETIES ARE SMALL GOOD, BUT THESE ARE ALREADY TESTED BY YEARS PERSONALLY !!
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Back in 1963, it was convincingly proved that they are promising dwarfs in summer gardening. Well, judge for yourself, because this is a unique opportunity to plant a larger number of trees on our usual hundredths, which means varieties too. In addition, they are very convenient for spraying and pruning, not to mention harvesting. But most importantly - dwarf gardens help to get crops earlier, regardless of the depth of the groundwater. I have been ill with this topic for a long time and I will say right away: I was convinced of all this from personal experience. She began to create her own dwarf garden by buying six seedlings-stocks of a dwarf apple tree, Paradise Budagovsky. Inoculated, and cut the cuttings rooted. Well, then I got a taste and turned around with might and main. In the photo, 1 is my 23-year-old mother stock of the Kutuzovets stock. I collected about 200 kg from him last year.
Very good showed himself and the variety Paradise red-leaved. Let him give from the tree on average 70 kg of apples, but without fruit rot. And in the photo 2 grade
Orlik - fruiting in the third year of life. Here's what's good: cuttings take root easily, like currants. If you didn’t like the variety, threw it away, and planted a new rootstock on the hemp of the stock, or keep the mother liquor like me. Huge time gains with replacing trees! And forces are saved.
I watched a video recently on the Internet about how Poles are bred in dwarf gardens. Good stuff, only they spray their trees on 19 once a season! Therefore, their apples can lie in the refrigerator for almost a year.
Here I wrote it and okayl. What if readers think that dwarf apple trees also need to be sprayed with chemistry without end? I hasten to reassure - no, it’s not necessary. These trees with proper care and so grow well. And personally, I do not use chemistry in the garden - I am a ulcer.
For vegetables, I have only one hundred weave allocated, but there are also 13 bushes of grapes, 11 pieces of conifers, the whole land is twisted, I dig nothing. FROM
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Hello.
I am writing to you from Mongolia. Please tell me where you can buy a paradise Paradise Budagovskogo?
Thanks in advance
Best regards
Nara
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The apple tree on a medium-sized clonal rootstock, of course, will begin to bear fruit sooner than on high-seeded (seminal), but its life, unfortunately, will also be less. The trees on such stocks are 30-35 years old, and they begin to bear fruit for the fourth year (vigorous apple trees enter fruiting for the sixth year, and live on average up to 80 years). But still the most short-lived are apple trees on dwarfish rootstocks. Their lifespan does not exceed 25 years, but the first crop can be obtained in the second or third year.
In apple trees on different stocks, there are advantages and disadvantages. Small apple trees due to their small size and compact crown occupy less space on the site (instead 5 tall trees can accommodate 10-15 dwarfish). They early enter into fruiting and give, as a rule, an annual harvest. To the disadvantages can be attributed a superficial bedding of the roots, because of what these apple trees often freeze in severe winters when
insufficient snow cover. In addition, trees loaded with crops can tilt and even fall, so such plantations need support. Demanding dwarfs and fertility of the soil: to obtain a good harvest requires regular fertilizing and abundant watering.
Tall apple trees due to their large size (up to 8 m in height) and spreading crown (about 10 m in diameter) occupy a considerable area, yielding not every year. late enter into fruiting. Do not put them in places with a close groundwater table. But in general, these varieties are hardy, not so demanding to the fertility of the soil, are viable and durable.
Apple trees on medium-sized rootstocks occupy an intermediate position between dwarfs and vigorous varieties. They have a restrained growth, rather quickly become fruitful, not so capricious and short-lived as dwarfs, and can bear fruit every year. Therefore, for a small area, where you want to place different cultures, this is a very suitable option.
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Friends advised to buy an apple tree on a medium-sized rootstock. They said that it will start to bear fruit much earlier. At first, I started burning with this idea, but now I doubt if the apple tree will grow old in the same way. Or am I wrong?
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Write about dwarf Mazunin - stunted apple trees. I wrote them out last year from Chelyabinsk. In the autumn they were sent, they successfully wintered, and grew two branches up to a meter long. Do I need to cut them, at what distance to plant them and how to care?
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The main obstacle to this is that these apple trees have a superficial root system of stock, for which winter colds are dangerous. One way to increase the frost resistance of the roots is a buried landing. Dwarf fruit growing is now quite popular. In a small area you can have several varieties of apple trees. They are very early in fruiting - already at 2-3-th year after planting. I grow apple blossoms of White White and Melba varieties on a dwarfish rootstock in the Karelian Isthmus - a red-leafed paradise and on a semi-dwarfish breeding stock and prof. Budagovsky.
The roots of the rootstocks are most vulnerable in late autumn and early spring, that is, in the snowless frosty period. For this period, the trickle-down circle is mulched with humus or peat. When planting under each tree make a bucket of humus. Make it every year. Flowers that are formed in dwarf apple trees in the year of planting, cut off to give trees a chance to grow stronger. Provide regular watering.
To eliminate the weakness of dwarf rootstocks, trees with so-called inserts are created. The seedling is made up of three parts - the root of a strong seed seed stock, grafted onto it a cut from the "dwarf" (inset) and grafted onto the dwarf cuttings of the desired apple tree variety. Such a tree has powerful roots, and the insertion of a weakly grown root stock restrains its growth. Care for such a tree is the timely loosening of the soil on the trunks, the removal of weeds, the introduction of high doses of organic and mineral fertilizers. Under winter mulch trunks with peat, humus or other covering material. Cover the young trunks with lapnik or paper material, do not whitewash. Plant dwarf apple trees in spring.
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Is it possible to grow apple trees on dwarfish stocks in the Leningrad Region?
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To get good stocks, use the seeds of apple trees of old proven varieties - Antonovka, Anis scarlet and striped, Bergamot autumn, Grushovka Moscow, Cinnamon striped. It has been noted that stocks from old varietal apple trees are distinguished by a developed root system and a frost-resistant strain. Take seeds only from fully ripened fruits, not touched by insects and diseases. They must be washed immediately and discarded small, inferior. When winter sowing, place the seeds in the grooves with a depth of 2-3 cm at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other. Then cover with a plastic mesh to protect against rodents.
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My grandfather had a magnificent fruit garden. And the stock for him grew up himself. I regret that I did not learn from the old man his experience. Can you tell me how to properly prepare the seeds for the rootstock?