Cherry disease - how to fight
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Fighting cherry diseases - coccomicosis and moniliasis
For many years cherries have been growing in my garden. Yes, and all the neighbors and even outside the garden sites every year, they bloomed wondrously, and the air filled with bee buzz. And we did not know of any worries with these cherries. In the summer they harvested, rejoiced. If there was no harvest, they were looking for reasons: either flower buds froze in winter, or spring frosts spoiled the business, or during the flowering there were rains, winds that prevented the bees from working.
Several years ago something bad started to happen to the cherries every year. Cherry blossoms beautifully at the right time, we wait for the harvest, but it is not. Although they looked after her no less than usual. Approximately in mid-July, the leaves on it suddenly become covered with a large number of small red-brown spots, and then completely fall apart. A tree or a bush of cherries is absolutely naked, although all other plants at that time are still quite green. Sometimes young leaves begin to grow on the tips of the cherry tree branches. But they are not enough that the plant is full of physiological processes, so that the plant normally existed and prepared for the winter. In such a "hungry" weakened form it goes under the winter. And, of course, if the winter is severe, then the plant may die. This attack is observed almost throughout our region.
Cockcomicosis cherry
This fungal disease came to us from Scandinavia. The parasitic fungus affects the leaf apparatus of stone fruits, but especially the cherries. Sometimes it affects the fruits that have formed, which become tasteless and watery, and then wither.
The mushroom flourishes in a warm, damp summer.
Old cherries, especially loved in our gardens and very unstable to this disease, are especially affected. "Vladimirskaya", "Lyubskaya", "Shubinka". So if these varieties did not die from the disease in previous years, they might die this winter. And if they survive, next year the picture will repeat. And so on until the cherry does not die.
Seeing in your garden such a completely undressed cherry among healthy green plants is a pleasure well below average. However, do not rush to grab the ax. Perhaps this cherry can still be saved. First you need to collect all the fallen leaves that lie under it, and burn them. Because they settled on the spores of the mushroom for the winter.
If this is not done, then next spring, if the cherry overwinter, and new young leaves bloom on it in the spring, the spores will move to them from these last year's leaves, and the whole course of the disease will repeat. The destruction of fallen leaves to some extent restrain the spread of the disease. Of chemical measures, the main control method is spraying with copper-containing preparations: a 1% Bordeaux mixture, and preferably copper chloride (chom) or oxychom - they are less likely to get burns. The first spraying is done when the first leaves begin to bloom. The second - 15-20 days after flowering, the third - immediately after harvesting.
From now on, one has to forget the good old days, when cherries grew without sprinkling, and annually do these sprayings. Without them, now it will not be possible to grow this culture.
It is important to keep the leaves of the cherry until late autumn, then the tree will winter well. A signal for immediate, often unscheduled spraying is the premature appearance of yellowing leaves on a healthy tree, on which dark spots are clearly visible - signs of leaf damage by coccomycosis. If the first half of summer is rainy, and signs of leaf damage appeared already at the end of June - beginning of July before the fruit ripens, you can not delay with spraying.
Moniliasis cherry
Now in our area another fungal disease is beginning to run amok - moniliosis. This disease is even more dangerous than the previous one, because it affects not only the leaves and fruits, but also the wood of the branches. The fungus infects the cherry during flowering. His spores fall on the pistil of the flower and sprout there. Then the mycelium through the peduncle penetrates into the branch, developing further inside the wood and destroying it. As a result, by the end of May and beginning of June, a lot of dry brown twigs appear on the tree among the greenery. Gardeners often take this for winter freezing. Outwardly, such branches look like burned, where another name for the disease came from - monilial burn. In this case, the leaves do not crumble. They just turn brown and hang on twigs. On these branches, spores develop, which later penetrate the fruits through cracks in the skin, and thereby give a second wave of disease. Affected fruits rot, mummify and remain on the tree until spring: here is another source of infection for the flowers, in addition to twigs. The cycle is closed.
See also: Cherry: growing, grooming and pruning
The disease particularly worsens, if during the flowering and during the pouring of fruits there is a cool rainy weather. The diseased cherry is greatly weakened. Having been ill for two or three years, she perishes. For this reason, it is necessary to treat cherries.
This disease has appeared in our area relatively recently. In our village - just a couple of years ago. There is no information about it in the old directories on plant diseases, and the methods of control are still being worked out.
First of all, as soon as the first brown twigs appeared, you need to immediately cut them, taking also a piece of 10-15 cm of a healthy part of the twig. Cropped burn as quickly as possible.
The tree needs to stimulate immunity. Now, to improve immunity, there are many drugs.
If you find on your cherry brown leaves sagging all winter and undercooked underdeveloped fruits, dried tips of shoots, and a brown strip on the border between the living and non-living parts of the shoot, then no doubt: this is moniliosis.
There is an observation that in the early spring, when the soil temperature rises above + 8 ° C, it is useful to sprinkle cherries "Zircon" (2 ml / 10 L of water). It is necessary to take care of them according to all the rules, in time to feed them up. Some experts recommend in early spring to prune, remove branches that thicken the crown. Although cherries generally do not like pruning. If the tree is old and over the past few years the growth has been weak, it must be rejuvenated by truncating all the branches into three-four-year old wood.
Unfortunately, conventional copper-containing preparations help poorly, because they act only on the surface, and the mycelium of the fungus is taken into the depths of the wood. Effective experts consider "blue" spraying 3% Bordeaux mixture, which is made in the early spring.
Many gardeners successfully use the drugs of systemic (penetrating) action.
So a good result is a prophylactic spraying drug Horus. It provides protection of cherries from coccomicosis and moniliasis at a rate of 0,2-3,5 g on 10 l, depending on the extent of the lesion. The drug is absorbed into the leaves for 2 hours, not washed away by rain.
It is most effective at temperatures of + 3 ... + 10 ° С, i.e. in early spring. The duration of the drug is 7-10 days, after which spraying must be repeated. It is useful to alternate with Skor - this is also a systemic drug. Other systemic drugs that have helped us before are nitrafen, baseazol, polycarbacin, - not allowed to use due to their toxicity.
Reference by topic: Reproduction of cherry by growth
Coccomycosis and moniliosis are imported diseases.
Now, gardeners travel a lot in foreign gardens overseas, so bringing pathogenic disputes to your garden is not a problem. In addition, they constantly replenish the assortment of plants in their plots, buying seedlings of unknown origin. The fight against these diseases is very complicated by the fact that we have a lot of abandoned sites in the region, and gardeners living on their own hundred square meters do not always fight diseases.
Meanwhile, these diseases can be conquered only through joint efforts. Because my struggle becomes meaningless, if a neighbor has all the mushroom spores feel free. Only together we can cope with these dangerous diseases.
Breeders work hard to develop varieties that are resistant to these diseases. But while there are no completely resistant varieties. So, if you want to grow cherries, you need to spray the gardens every spring, even if the existing trees are not sick yet - for prevention.
© Author Lyubov Bobrovskaya, gardener
CHERRY DISEASES: HOW TO FIGHT. ADVICE AND REVIEWS OF PROFESSIONALS AND GARDENERS
TWO CHERRY DISEASES THAT MAY LEAVE WITHOUT CROP
In recent years, as our readers complain more and more often, to find completely healthy plants among cherry trees is not an easy task. And first of all, cherries suffer from coccomycosis and monilial burn.
Kokkomikoz
This misfortune was brought to us from North America in the late 80s. last century. It can be identified by the characteristic dark spots with a white center on the leaves, which fall ahead of time. As a result, a weakened tree loses its winter hardiness and, as a result, freezes. It is important to carry out protective treatments after flowering, but until the fruit ripens, when the ovary is the size of a pea. If the plant becomes sick, all foliage will fly around. And this will immediately affect not only the quantity of the crop, but also its quality. In general, fungicides can also be sprayed in order to prevent coccomycosis.
During the swelling of the kidneys, treat the trees and soil in the stem circles with copper-containing preparations: Bordeaux liquid (300 g per 10 liters of water), Abiga-Peak (according to the instructions).
When the buds are set, spray with Horus. If the beginning of summer is cool and rainy, after flowering (as soon as the flower petals fall), treat with Topsin-M.
If the disease has not receded, 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering, cut out all the affected and dried branches, burn them, and spray the trees with Skor.
After harvest, treat the plants with Bordeaux liquid (100 g per 10 liters of water).
Monilial burn
This ailment is a real scourge of cherries, and more recently - cherries. In early spring, the disease affects flowers and ovaries - this deprives us of the lion's share of the crop. In the future, the fungus (the causative agent of the disease) passes to the branches - and we already lose part of the crown (up to the complete death of the tree).
In spring, it is important not to miss the moment of the beginning of flowering: when the very first flowers bloom, an active flight of spores of the causative agent of monilial burn begins. It is then that spray the crowns with one of the fungicides (Horus, Skor, Topsin-M, Azofos). If the weather is rainy during flowering, repeat the treatment after 2-3 days.
Be sure to cut branches and shoots affected by the monilial burn, because it is on them that the mushroom wintes!
Insidious "relative"
Next of kin" Monilial Burn - Fruit Rot. By the peduncle, the causative agent of the disease passes to the wood and further to the branches, causing their death. The loss of seedlings, gloves and fruit bags deprives us not only of the present harvest, but also of the future (it takes time, sometimes years, to restore dead fruit wood and build new ones).
Therefore, be sure to remove rotted fruits from the trees. After all, fruit rot affects only the fruit whose skin is damaged, or if it is in close contact with an already rotten fruit.
© Author: Yulia KONDRATENOK, breeder-phytopathologist, Ph.D. agricultural sciences
CHERRY DISEASES - MONILIOSIS: VIDEO
CHERRY DISEASES - COCOCOMICOSIS: VIDEO
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Dear gardeners! Looking for your advice and experience. My husband was always engaged in gardening, I didn’t even get into all the details. But two years ago my husband died. And the problem is that the cherries are whitened. I do not know what to attack, but the harvest is meager for two years in a row. I will try to describe, unfortunately, there is no camera. Red-brown spots appear on the outer side of the leaflets. Sick leaves gradually fall off, the branches stand bare. The leaves are all collected and burned, cherries processed fungicide, but zero sense. The following year, the problem repeated. I don’t wait for the harvest this year, only cherries want to be cured, because this is the memory of Sergey Ivanovich’s husband.
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The trouble is that the illiterate cultivation of seedlings (without the prevention of moniliosis) leads to the receipt of infected planting material. And the best of the funds: Chorus, Skor, Fitolavin, as well as funds of the strobilurin class. In any case, it is necessary to take into account the shortcomings of each ...
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Great and informative article - thanks