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Cherry varieties for the Urals

In the Ural media, the opinion is propagated that using a number of Bryansk varieties and Moscow's Fatezh, it is possible to cultivate the sweet cherry in the Southern Urals without any difficulties, for example, Ural grapes.

However, repeatedly meeting with the famous scientists of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg region, as well as the Chelyabinsk region, located in the Southern Urals, I have never heard of the prospect of growing cherries in these areas.

Only one of the scientists, tired of my persistence, exhaled: "What kind of sweet cherry, we would have a good cherry blossom." Where is the truth? I'll tell you about what I've been observing in my gardens for many years.

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Stability of sweet cherries to the Ural frosts

The FIRST danger for cherries in our region is, of course, frosts. For example, cherries that emerged from the winter of 2009-2010 practically did not bloom due to the death of flower buds, and in one of the areas exposed to the cold north-westerly winds, several trees froze by the level of snow cover, regardless of their winter hardiness. Only the branches of Rechitsa wintering under the snow survived.

In the winter of 2011-2012, annual shoots froze Vedas, Radicas M (differing from the initial form - Raditsa - by increased winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases), Revna, as well as a tree Bryanochki, although it was in a place protected from cold winds.

So the southerner needs serious preparation for the winter in our conditions, and her landing in places protected from cold winds by a building, a fence, a slope, etc., is a vital condition.

Reference by topic: Cherry cultivation in the middle lane

Cultivate the same cherry in open areas can only be a stencil with a cover for winter cover material. It is in this way that the Chelyabinsk people grow not only cherries, but also quite unusual for us mulberry and walnut.

For the best ripening of annual shoots at the end of July, the upper part of them should be bent by an arc towards better lighting and secured with twine. Increases the frost resistance of the southerners and spraying in the second half of the vegetation with solutions of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

In our conditions, sunburns of boles and bases of skeletal branches are also of great danger.

It is for this reason that I have a miserable form of the Pitelinu Gift (2-7-37), and I got a lot of damage and fell in love with me Tyutchevka (this sort of cherry in the photo).

The whitening of the boles and forks of the skeletal branches of the sweet cherry in the late autumn is mandatory in our conditions.

Even better, replace the whitewash with a coating consisting of equal parts of clay and mullein with the addition of water and a small amount of animal hair and ground pepper. Such a coating gives additional nutrition to the plant: the wounds on the cortex heal like a dog, in addition, it scares away rodents and does not allow the recently malicious pest to appear in the bark - plum false-scrub.

Helps reduce the risk of burns and a low tree bump. But more effective in this respect is the inoculation of cherry on the skeleton at an altitude of 1-1,2 m. Under our conditions, it is better to use seedlings and shoots of cherry, steppe and their hybrids as a skeleton-forming agent. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to remove cherries from the frost zone and to increase its frost resistance, as Philip Kuzmich Teterev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, pointed out in his time.

MORE detailed consideration of the use of cherries as a stock for sweet cherries is our contemporary doctor of agricultural sciences Vitaly Afanasyevich Gryazev.

He recommends for this purpose a variety of cherries Vladimirskaya, Polovka, Rastunya, Shubinka. According to him, in a number of regions of the European part of the country, not only seedlings but also cherry growth are successfully used. These rootstocks ensure frost-resistance, drought-resistance, restrained growth, which in turn facilitates winter shelter and protection from winds, are imparted to them compatible cherry varieties. Such trees are adapted to wet small soils. He also notes that on the stock growing from the bones of tree-like varieties, the trees grow more developed and durable.

I planted cherries on different heights of cherry stock and I want to draw attention to two points.

High vaccination ensures protection of the most vulnerable part of the plant from sunburn due to a more reliable cherry skeleton in our conditions. In the case of low grafting (in the root neck or near it), the cherry, under the powerful influence of the graft, increases the thickness of the bent to a size unattainable for it in the ungrafted state.

As a stock, I do not use cherries Ashinskaya, as one of the local gardeners of rootstocks recommends and I want to draw attention to two points. High vaccination ensures protection of the most vulnerable part of the plant from sunburn due to a more reliable cherry skeleton in our conditions. In the case of low grafting (in the root neck or near it), the cherry, under the powerful influence of the graft, increases the thickness of the bent to a size unattainable for it in the ungrafted state.

As a stock, I do not use Cherry Ashinskaya, as recommended by one of the local amateur gardeners. According to my observations, it is most readily inhabited by a plum fake, and the fruits of taste are far from dessert. Therefore, without philosophizing slyly, I place cherries on the root of the growth of cherries of various varieties right on the site of its growth.

Using for the scion of Bryansk cherries and Moscow Fitting, I get results that do not coincide with the conclusions of the above-mentioned horticulturist. For example, Bryanochka, added to the list of the most reliable varieties, I got cold, but Lyubimitsa Astakhov, rejected by him as not enough frost and winter hard, gives me the most delicious fruits. Therefore, I believe that blind imitation of other people's experience, without taking into account the characteristics of their garden, restrains the spread of cherries in our gardens. Do not be afraid to plant different varieties of cherries, bred in Bryansk and Moscow, to the cherry growing in your garden. Nature itself will conduct a strict selection, and believe me, her choice will be more reliable than any recommendations of experts.

Ural sweet cherry - diseases and pests

The last season (2013) was remembered for the rampant disease and pests. This bowl and cherry did not pass, although I try not to thicken the landing, placing it at least a distance of 3 m from one another.

Cockcomicosis, which came with rains, did not cause significant damage to cherries, in contrast to a number of varieties of cherries that lost all their foliage at the end of summer. The greater damage was caused by the staining of the gum (gummosis), which I discovered on the damaged by the sun burns Gift Pitelin and Tyutchev-ke. A small gum opening was opened on the Veda, also affected by frost.

It was worse with pests. If I managed to cope with the cherry mucous sawfly quite easily, then the fight against aphids was pretty long. Strongly helped to cope with the annoying pest method proposed by one of the gardeners. It is necessary reluctantly pour 10 l of vodka into 0,5 l of water and spray the plant affected by aphids with the resulting solution. The result was staggering - almost all insects died, it remains only on the next day to finish off the survivors.

The ecological nature of this method is simply amazing: this solution can be sprayed with plants with ripe fruits and berries. Harmful cherries, as well as cherry, and the already mentioned plum fake. Very quickly, she formed a "creative alliance" with garden ants, which build around the lower part of the stem of the struck false-felling tree something like a mini-termite.

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Dacha with their own hands > Encyclopedia of gardening - fruit trees > Cherry in the Urals - growing and grooming

3 Review (s)

Yuri PRYAKHIN, nurseryman, r.p. Panino, Voronezh region
24/03/2018 (12:43) #

On fertile soils, cherry is a vigorous culture.
For a year its shoots can grow to 2 m. Because of excessive growth, the skeletal branches grow bare, without branching, it is very problematic to grow a tree with a short stem.
For more than one year, I've been trying to get a more compact crown from my baubles. Contrary to the generally accepted rules of molding, trees were "fattened". Saplings of several varieties laid skeletal branches almost a meter high and more. They had little overgrown wood. Then I had to take drastic measures. New seedlings, instead of the recommended 80 cm, I cut off on 50 cm. But on these "shorties", more precisely from the upper kidneys, lateral
branches developed low - half a meter from the ground. When these sidewalls grew by 50-60 cm, I cut them again. In the 2nd year, they branched, and again I began to shorten the shoots with a pinch in a green (non-lignified) state. In the 3rd year, this technique on growing shoots was repeated again. As a result, I received relatively compact and well-filled trees with branches. Now they are already bearing fruit.

This formation of cherries contributes to a greater formation of fruit wood, as well as better preservation of trees in harsh winters - the bases of large branches vulnerable to frost are exposed to snow.

Mannanova Elvira Cattery "Chishminsky New Garden"
20/05/2015 (14:52) #

Thanks for the informative, useful article.

Yegor GRISHDNIN
19/05/2015 (19:39) #

Sweet cherries
I bought a cottage with a garden. The cherries there grew very close to each other. I decided to put those younger. I understood that trees can not survive this. But they almost did not grow and did not bear fruit, so there was nothing to lose.
In the beginning of autumn he dug up the trees together with large clods of earth. The inevitable slices on the roots were cleaned with a knife and sprinkled with ashes. Took the trees to an open place and until spring he dug in a horizontal position.
Then he prepared a place for planting. Pits were made in a well-lit section in 5-6 m from one another and with such a sight that they freely fit tree roots. To do this, I measured the root systems. In each pit, he emptied a pail of humus and peat.
In the spring, he dug up the trees and cut most of the branches on 1 / 5-1 / 4 lengths so that cherries could be easier to take root. When planting, the root neck was left to 6-7 cm above the ground, because the trees would gradually settle. He filled the cherries with a mixture of earth, peat and humus, and drank abundantly.
From 5 transplanted cherries 3 got accustomed. Now they not only grow actively, but also bear fruit well.
Yegor GRISHDNIN