Herbaceous perennials and semishrubs
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Cultivation of herbaceous perennials and semishrubs
Not as picturesque as annuals and biennials, often these plants become the basis for potted flower arrangements, garden borders and flower beds that would otherwise be empty in the winter.
In addition, these plants are irreplaceable, because they are able to adapt to both solar and semi-shadowed locations, as well as to poor lighting. Some of them survive where other plants could not survive.
Perennial called all the plants that live longer than two years, almost all lignified, tree-like, shrubby and semi-shrubby (plants with a tree base and partly grassy branches that can accidentally die in the winter and again grow in the spring), and also herbaceous plants with a long life cycle.
Many perennials are used as annuals and biennials (violet, bell, etc.) in regions where they can not survive in the winter.
Selection of plants of herbaceous perennials and semishrubs
To herbaceous perennials include species with such different characteristics that it makes their choice very difficult. The right choice of plants is very important, because they have a long life in your garden or on the terrace.
In addition to characteristics relating to the habitat, attention should be paid to other factors (size, color, flowering period) in order to harmoniously combine plants located on terraces and gardens, at any time of the year.
CRITERIA OF ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENT
Climate
Among the herbaceous perennials and semi-shrubs there are species that have managed to adapt to the climatic conditions of the most diverse regions. Thus, the choice of plants should be made taking into account the characteristics of the environment in which they are to grow. In this case, it is desirable to give preference to wild species the sooner, the more this environment is severe and remote from regions with mild climate.
See also: Perennial flowers for a flower garden
Location for plants
Different species have different needs with regard to location. Most plants are photophilous, so it remains only to optimally place them depending on the period of their flowering (spring, summer or autumn).
The same can be said for plants preferring a partially shaded location. We only note that the plants
with autumn flowering, well tolerating penumbraes, it is difficult to find. Shaded zones are most difficult to plant with plants, however, even for such conditions, many species and varieties can be selected, including those with spring and summer flowering.
Soil for herbaceous perennials
Some of the species prefer alkaline (lime-rich) soils, while others grow well on acidic soils, but most plant species like neutral or slightly acidified substrates with a pH of 5,5-7, medium-density or loose.
It is believed that plants that are adapted to a particular type of soil should be chosen, rather than adapting the soil to species with different needs. In any case, adjustments can be made to the process of growing and adapting plants. Too dense soil (loam) can be corrected by adding a little sand to it, and too moist soil with peat.
Depending on the physical characteristics of the soil, all plant species can be adapted to plain soils. Some plants (shade-loving and semi-tenuous, creeping species) prefer sheer rocks or slopes, where their tenacious roots find enough soil for growth and development. They can be used on Alpine roller coaster.
Flowering period
When choosing and placing perennials, you should pay special attention to the period of their flowering and the needs of plants in different seasons.
This will ensure the sequence of flowering so that among the green plants there are always blossoming species, wilted plants were replaced by specimens with a later flowering period.
To obtain a good result, it is necessary to combine herbaceous perennials, shrubs and half-shrubs with annuals and biennials that can fill the vacant areas.
Do not neglect the evergreen plants that can fill the garden in the winter season.
Needs of herbaceous perennials in water
The water requirements of various plants are closely related to the conditions of their habitat.
Some perennials belong to semi-aquatic plants, native to marshy regions, others may require a minimum of moisture, and they may die from excessive watering and stagnation of water.
Perennials are often used for planting on flower beds or mixed borders - at the same time, species with similar water needs should be combined. In remote corners of the garden, where regular watering is difficult, plants can be selected with minimal moisture requirements.
Plants that love moist soil can benefit from systems automatic watering.
See also: Frost-resistant perennial flowers
Each has its own soil
It is necessary to combine the most compatible plants among themselves, while avoiding plants with unusual needs.
Nevertheless, it is possible to combine plants with the usual requirements for the habitat with those that need special soils: it is enough to mix the universal potting soil with a special substrate, which should be periodically updated.
On photo:
- Sunflower is an annual orange sun - a summer sunflower variety.
- St. John's wort calyx (Hypericum calycinum) - semi-perennial perennial.
- Astra alpine (Aster alpinus) - a semi-tenuous perennial.
- Agaves are succulent perennials.
- Leatris spikelet with summer-autumn flowering period.
Grassy Perennials in the Flower
Aquilegia of different varieties and forget-me-nots that bloom in May and June are intertwined in a beautiful colorful pattern. These graceful plants effectively complement the Dutch iris and decorative onions with contrasting powerful peduncles.
From unpretentious flowery herbaceous perennials, ornamental grasses and letniki you can create beautiful flower gardens that do not require complex care.
Since the beginning of summer, flower beds with herbaceous perennials appear in all their splendor, because it is now that the buds of most species are revealed.
Thanks to their incredible diversity in the garden, it is possible to create impressive ensembles only from these plants. At the same time, depending on the species from which the composition is “woven”, it is possible to set one or another atmosphere.
In the classic-style flower garden, different representatives of the flora are planted close to each other by clearly separated groups, which are also ranked in height. Such a landing always looks beautiful and tidy. Visual confirmation of this - the traditional English borders. True, there is one drawback: the classic version looks absolutely orderly, and this means that it is far from natural.
If you like pomp and colorfulness and at the same time to a relaxed natural style, grassy perennials will again be the best choice. In this case, flower beds need only be “brought closer” to nature: plant small groups of plants of different heights, avoiding rhythm and alignment in height. Note that representatives of the flora should be distributed as unevenly as possible.
In order to enhance the effectiveness of natural plantings, they should be filled with one or several grassy perennials of medium height and disperse individual specimens of another type of “growth” higher - they will play the role of catchy accents. For the role of dominant, it is important to choose plants with sophisticated silhouettes, for example, aquilegia - they will give lightness and airiness to planting. The flowers of accompanying plants, on the contrary, for contrast should have powerful flower stalks, such as, for example, iris or decorative onions.
- Gravilat (Geum) with yellow half-double flowers and dark purple catnip (Nepeta) look lovely in a contrasting duet.
- Light graceful panicles of the most beautiful (Stipa pulcherrima) and dark-red crochet (Knautia) ideally complement each other.
- Flowerbed in white, pink and purple colors, looks very gentle and romantic. In planting on a photo, a highlander snake (Bistorta officinalis) 'Superba', Siberian iris, foxglove, aquilegia, liatris, and roses are growing. Flower "stars" diluted with ornamental herbs.
1.Wide flower beds on the sides of the lawn in June, the most colorful. Among the tightly woven herbaceous perennials brightly distinguished cherry-red flowers of the rose 'Bukavu'.
2. Strong contrasts are invariably advantageous. Orange jaundice (Erysimum) is accompanied by bearded violet and two-colored iris varieties and purple-black aquilegia.
3. The classic combination of herbaceous perennials is always in trend. In the photo are blooming purple and white lupins, as well as peonies 'Glory Hallelujah'
Natural flower garden with perennials with flowers does not hurt to dilute with filigree ornamental herbs and fennel-like plants with delicate leaves. Also make a variety in planting allow short-growing letniki and biennials, such as eshsoltsiya Californian, forget-me-nots and nigella damask.
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"Lazy" rooting
Spread damp moss on a piece of fleece and place cuttings of herbaceous perennials or shrubs on top of it. Then roll up and secure with tape. Do not tie too tight so the moss and cuttings can absorb moisture well. Place this package upright in a bowl of water and store in the shade. As soon as you notice that the tops have begun to grow, it means that roots have formed in the cuttings - it's time to plant them in a school or pots.
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In July, it is time to propagate herbaceous perennials by green cuttings - using young stems and leaves.
In this case, it is useful to treat them with stimulants, for example, "Kornevin". It is better to root such planting material in a cool greenhouse (or cover the cuttings with a plastic bottle). The plantings are regularly sprayed and aired.
After rooting (from 1 to 1,5 months), the greenhouse is opened. For the winter, plants are covered with spruce branches or leaves. Seated in the spring. Stem cuttings can propagate aquilegia, swing, lupine, oriental poppy and other flowers. They are taken during active growth: in some (lupine, poppy) - during the entire growing season, and in others (aquilegia, phlox) - before flowering.
Usually the upper part of the shoot is used, which is cut into pieces with 2-3 internodes.
In some cases, lateral rosettes or small processes with a part of caudex (stem tissue) are torn off (not cut off). Cuttings are planted obliquely to a depth of 1-1,5 cm. Leaves are cut from incarvillea, lupine, phlox (in July), ash tree (in June), etc. Well-formed ones are chosen and "pulled" from the stem "with a heel." They are planted at an angle of 45 degrees. The rooting time is different - for example, from 1 month for Incarvillea to 2,5 months for Ash.
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Nomad is a beautiful herbaceous perennial that is very worthy of introduction to the culture. It grows in moist forests, less often - in open places. The plant is quite shade-tolerant and hygrophilous. Soil loves fresh, slightly acidic, rich in humus, but can grow on stony.
The most noteworthy in the plant are the melliferous flowers. They are up to 20 mm long, collected in inflorescences along 3-8 pcs., Have the shape of a boat. At first they are crimson-purple, then red-violet with bluish wings, then violet, then bluish-blue, at the end of flowering become blue-green. Simultaneous finding on the plant of flowers of all the listed colors looks original. But there are intraspecific forms, in which all the flowers remain permanently white.
Flowering in the nomad continues from early May to mid-June. Then the fruit appears - many
the epoxial bean, in its mature state it opens, the valves curl with force, scattering the seeds a long distance. The species propagates well with seeds and cuttings. A plant taken in nature with a rhizome can easily be transplanted into a garden.
In folk medicine, the concoction is considered a medicinal plant. Its aerial part is used as a diuretic and choleretic agent. Mature beans are used for toothache. In addition, it is a good fodder plant for animals.
In horticulture, the concoction can be used to create curbs, decorate alpine hills. Amateur gardeners can easily carry out the first stage of cultivating this plant. And in the future, when it firmly enters the culture, there will undoubtedly be decorative decorative varieties, even more beautiful.
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In the new season I decided to expand my flower garden. My neighbor in the country at the site has a large number of perennials, and she promised to share them. Tell me, which plants are best to choose for planting in early spring?
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For most perennial crops, early spring is the most favorable time for transplanting and planting. But there are also a few exceptions. For example, garden irises are recommended to be planted immediately after flowering. Approximately in 3-4 weeks after transplantation, they will begin to grow a root system.
For a pion transplant, it is better to wait until the end of August, when the buds are already formed on the plant. At this time, it will be appropriate to divide the rhizome into pieces with 2-3 kidneys.
Mack oriental can be planted only when it completely fades and discards the leaves. The transplantation at other times will lead to the inevitable death of the whole plant.
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I live all winter in the country, so in the autumn I never cut off high inflorescences
and leaves of herbaceous perennials. Thanks to this, a real winter fairy tale takes place on my site. The garden gets the opportunity to live and be beautiful, even in this difficult time for plants. Also, the variety in the winter landscapes is made by coniferous trees. I spend all the pruning early-early spring, as soon as the snow comes down, so that nothing decays.
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BETTER - LESS
Always remove part of the flower buds from perennials. After this procedure, they begin to bloom much better. Levkoys, asters, zinnias, daisies, heleniums. golden ball, cornflowers, carnations - plants that, after removing several buds, give larger and lush inflorescences.