Spider mite on grapes - how to fight
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Spider mites are the enemy of many plants, even indoor
Ticks are small invertebrate animals belonging to the type of arthropods (Arthropods), the class of arachnids (Arachnidae).
Harmfulness spider mites on grapes
The mites that damage the grapes belong to the suborder of sucking ticks. Feeding on the vine, they cause in it deep pathoanatomical and physiological-biochemical changes: the content of dry matter, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, yellow pigments decreases.
This leads to a decrease in the intensity of assimilation, transpiration and respiration, enzyme activity, and a decrease in the nitrogen content. The content of amino acids varies. Ticks cause premature rust and falling leaves, worsen the quality of the vine, the intensity of its maturation.
Harvest of shrubs decreases by 25-50%, mass concentration of sugars to 5-6 mg / 100 cm3. When the mites are damaged annually, there is a general oppression of the bushes, shrinkage of the sleeves. Bushes are killed within 2-5 years.
There are no varieties resistant to ticks, but they differ in their response to damage.
Spider mites (Tetranychidae).
Body oval, length 0,3-0,5 mm, greenish-yellow, brown or red, often with dark spots on the sides. Larvae with three pairs of legs. The oral apparatus is piercing-sucking. In the process of feeding, most species secrete cobwebs, under which colonies form.
Harmfulness. During nutrition on the leaves of the grapes, spider mites settle along the main and branching veins. Damaged leaves of light and suitable grapes turn yellow (Figure 1), and in the varietal varieties blush (Figure 2). In the future, they acquire a characteristic tobacco color, curl, wither and fall off. If the damage is severe, the bushes are bare, the shoots are suspended, the crop and its quality are sharply reduced.
All spider mites are oviparous. Propagate by fertilization, but parthenogenesis also takes place. Fertilized females give rise to females and males in the offspring, while unfertilized females give only males. The life cycle consists of the following stages: egg - larva - nymph - adult tick (imago).
In vineyards, about 30 species of mites are known, of which the most harmful are the web: ordinary, garden, Turkestan.
Reference by topic: Grape processing - what and when
Mite ordinary arachnoid (Tetranychus urticae Koch.).
Description. The female has four pairs of legs, the body is oval, the length is 0,6-0,7 mm, yellowish, sometimes with a greenish tinge, with dark spots on the sides of the dorsal side.
Fertilized females acquire a reddish-orange color by the end of the summer.
Biology. The females hibernate on various plant remains, under the exfoliated bark, in the cracks of the bark of boles and sleeves.
In the spring, at an air temperature of 12-14 ° C, they leave the wintering grounds, start eating and after a while lay eggs. Spring development takes place on weed vegetation, from which the tick then passes to the grapes. It feeds on the underside of the leaves. The most favorable conditions for the mass development and dispersal of the pest are created at an average daily temperature from 24 ° to 34 ° C and relative humidity below 55%.
Therefore, outbreaks of spider mite abundance and its increased harmfulness occur in hot, dry summers. Fertility of females can reach 100 or more eggs. The development of one generation lasts 1-2 weeks. For the season gives 10-12 generations. The increase in numbers and the spread of the spider mite is extremely fast. The threshold number (5-7 individuals per 100 cm2 of leaf surface) occurs in late May - early June, on the southern coast of Crimea - in early May.
The most favorable conditions for the early appearance and intensive development of the spider mites in vineyards are created on the roadsides of quarters along roads, on planted plantations with weakly grown bushes. In autumn, with a decrease in daylight, gradual lowering of temperature and deterioration of dietary conditions, females acquire a red color and migrate to the wintering site.
Reference by topic: Grapes in the Urals - planting and care
Ticks arachnid of Turkestan (Tetranychus lurkestanicus Ug. EtNik).
Description. Females have 4 pairs of legs, the body is ovoid, up to 0,5-0,6 mm, convex over and under. The color of the summer individuals is light green, the hibernating females are brick-red. Larvae up to 0,2 mm, pale greenish.
Biology. The females hibernate with small colonies on weeds, under fallen leaves and other plant remains, as well as in bark cracks in burs and sleeves.
In the spring they settle on weeds, and at the end of June migrate to the vineyards. The female lives up to 80 days and lays up to 400 eggs. The development of one generation occurs in 11-15 days, for which the sum of effective temperatures above the threshold of 7-8 ° C is required. equal to 182 ° C. During the season gives 10-12 generations, In August - September, females acquire a reddish color and go for wintering.
Mite gardening arachnoid (Schizotetranychus pruni Oudms.).
The most significant damage to grapes from spider mites is caused by the spider mite (Schizotetranychus pruni Oudms.).
Description. The females have 4 pairs of legs, the body is oblong-oval, tapering posteriorly, the length of 0.4 mm. Body color is greenish-yellow in summer and orange-red in hibernating females. Males smaller in size, with a more elongated body of yellowish-green color. Eggs spherical to 0,1 mm, smooth, unclear-yellow.
Biology. The fertilized females are hibernated in small groups from 5 to 100 individuals in cracks of bark burs and sleeves. During the bud blossoming at an average daily air temperature above 12 ° C, they leave the wintering grounds and settle on the underside of the leaves. After 4-5 days, the egg is laid mainly along the veins and base of the leaves. After laying the egg, the female covers it with a very thin and sparse spider web.
She lives about 30 days and postpones up to 100 eggs. Embryonic development of them lasts 4-7 days. During the summer, the tick gives from 3-4 (West Germany) to 6-9 (Kazakhstan) generations. For the development of one generation, the sum of effective temperatures is equal to 200 ° C. From the end of August until the onset of cold weather, females go on hibernation. Prepared for the winter, females acquire an orange-yellow color, stop eating and lose the ability to lay eggs. Soon they leave the leaves and creep into the wintering grounds.
Reference by topic: Oidium of grapes - measures of struggle
Spider mite - how to fight
The system of protection against the ticks of the vine provides for the implementation of agricultural and chemical measures.
Due to the fact that some species of mites winter on plant remains, and in the spring it begins to develop on weeds, careful removal of weed vegetation is necessary.
Taking into account the biology of the mites, the following chemical protection is carried out:
- eradicating spraying
- in autumn, after the fall of leaves, or in the spring, before the bud budding, with DNOC;
- During the growing season, treatments against mites are carried out with specialized acaricides: Omayt, Sanmayt, Demithai, etc., with a number of mites higher than the economic threshold of damage (more than 5 individuals per leaf).
© N.V. ALEYNIKOVA. Head of Protection Department
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Folk remedy for ticks
If traces of a spider mite are noticed on strawberries, raspberries, currants (white dots on top of the leaves, cobwebs on the bottom, the leaves dry out quickly), take immediate action. Since chemical preparations cannot be used during the ripening period of berries, use an effective folk remedy. Dissolve 10 g of crushed sulfur-tar soap in 150 liters of water and spray the bushes (including the lower part of the leaves) at least twice with an interval of 5-7 days.
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To combat spider mites, vegetable infusions and decoctions can be used.
But spraying must be carried out on the underside of the leaves, where the pests "live".
A good effect is given by the infusion prepared from crushed dry leaves and garlic husks. To prepare the infusion, 150 g of raw material should be filled with 10 l of water, insist for a day, strain and immediately spray. Instead, you can take 200 g of finely chopped garlic or onion and insist for only 2 hours.
It is even easier to prepare such a product: Dissolve 200 g of mustard powder in 10 l of water, insist 11-12 hours, strain and use for spraying.
And in case of an increase in the number of spider mites, modern biological preparations are very effective: Bitoxibacillin, Fitoverm, Agrovert-tin, or Iskra-bio. They are very quickly absorbed by the leaves and for 20 days they protect the cucumber plants from all sucking and gnawing pests.
Having tasted the "treats", they die in two days. These drugs are absolutely safe for birds and predator insects. Caddy can eat fruits two days after the treatment of plants with these drugs.
Council
The spider mite loves asters, therefore this kind of flower cannot be planted next to cucumber beds.
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Last summer, I noticed alarming symptoms on the bush of peppers - white dots on the leaves. But what is it, I did not know. Soon, the leaves began to wrap and fall, gray lumps resembling dust appeared under them, and the bushes became covered with cobwebs. Then it became clear that I was faced with a harmful insect - a spider mite.
On the advice of a relative, a gardener with experience, carefully weed the weeds in the greenhouse. In the evening, I diluted 100 ml of vodka into 1 l of water and sprinkled abundantly on all plants. A third of a bucket of shredded grass and dandelion flowers was poured with boiling water, insisted for a day, strained and sprayed the bushes a day after vodka treatment. I repeated both procedures in a week. In the fall, when the greenhouse became free, you washed it, replaced the topsoil (10 cm) and carried out the treatment with a sulfur block. This year I did not notice harmful insects.
Catherine
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In general, the author of the council chose the right tactics for combating the pest. Only I would recommend conducting the first two treatments with an interval of 5-6 days at least by Fitoverm, especially if there are a couple of weeks before harvesting. Further spraying with vodka and dandelion infusion is advisable to carry out before the end of the season. And I advise you to replace the soil with a deeper one (on 15-20 cm). The removed soil must be set aside separately and sprinkled with plenty of lime. It will be possible to use it again no earlier than in five years.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
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How I escaped from spider mite
Last year, my husband gave me a luxurious bouquet on March 8, put it on the windowsill.
A little later, I discovered on room tomatoes and peppers uninvited "tenants" - spider mites. I didn’t want to process fruit-bearing plants with “chemistry”.
All pots neatly tightened cling film. Plants thoroughly washed with summer water in the shower. Leaves, stems and even fruits abundantly rubbed with a solution of soap.
I put black plastic bags on top so that the tongs could not breathe.
Three hours later, she took shelters and again washed the plants under the shower. Repeated bath procedures once a day in 3-4. Every day, wipe the window sill and windows with soap. To cope with the ticks, it took me five such treatments, but managed to escape from the pest invasion.
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WORD TO THE SPECIALIST
The method described by the author is generally effective, however, it should be remembered that the plants, covered with food wrap at the bottom and with a black bag at the top, also cannot breathe. In addition, the whole process is quite time consuming. Therefore, in such cases, I recommend treating plants with the Fito-verm diluted according to the instructions. This biological product completely disintegrates in three days, after which you will be able to fearlessly eat peppers and tomatoes from the treated plants.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
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An ordinary dandelion will help get rid of spider mites on vegetables. The infusion is prepared as follows: you need to collect 300 g of dandelion leaves and dig up 150 g roots, grind everything, pour into a bucket and pour 10 l of warm water.
Leave on 2 h under the lid. Then the infusion is filtered and immediately processed by it the vegetable cultures that the pest has struck. Very effective tool!
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PRINT GARLIC AGAINST WEATHER TICK
I found white and yellow dots on the room colors, a few leaves were discolored and withered. It turned out that the whole reason was a spider mite.
I washed the leaves of all the plants and began to regularly arrange for them a warm shower or wipe the leaves with a damp cloth. A violet sprayed with broth of garlic: 1 head passed through the press, folded into a jar, filled 0,5 l of water, closed the jar with a lid, insisted 5 days and processed the leaves of violets. Infusion of garlic perfectly coped with the tick! After 2 weeks, the treatment repeated.
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Ordinary spider mite is very dangerous for plants (many are not fully aware of its danger)
The female is slightly larger than the male and has an oval body (length 0,5-0.6 mm). The male also has a rhomboid-shaped body (about 0,4 mm in length).
Adult individuals are colored greenish-yellow and have a pair of dark spots on the sides.
In autumn, when plants are not suitable for nutrition, females with an orange-red color appear. They fall into hibernation (in various secluded places of the greenhouse). They can be seen (bright red dots) with the naked eye from the underside of the old plant leaves.
Preventive measures
To prevent the occurrence of a tick, weeds should be weeded out of and around the greenhouse - especially nettles and quinoa. Be sure to clean In the spring, when a spider mite appears in the greenhouse, it begins to harm plants from the bottom, gradually rising up. Ticks live on the underside of leaves, sometimes on the stems and fruits of plants, eating their juice.
As a result, the leaves appear silvery or yellowish spots, spots. Then the discolored areas merge, the leaves turn yellow and dry out.
Spraying from the tick is carried out in the evening, when there is no direct sunlight, so that the chemicals do not evaporate. old plants after the final harvest. It is also recommended to dig deep in the ground from autumn.
If plants are damaged by ticks, then they should be sprayed
preparations, according to the instructions, observing the treatment and dose terms.
For example, for processing you can use the drug "Fitoverm" (flow 2 ml / l of water).
Spider mite significantly extends to weakened plants at the end of the season. Such plants must be burned
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Tortured by a spider mite - every year right there, in a greenhouse on cucumbers. First of all, we studied all the literature at hand. It was decided to act in a comprehensive manner. First, they removed everything that was left of the cucumbers - they chose everything to the blade of grass. Then they removed the soil in the greenhouse - 5-7 cm is recommended, and we have already chosen 10 cm. They poured a new, imported one. So our greenhouse went into hibernation. In the spring, with a trembling hand, they planted a new batch of cucumbers. All summer spent preventive treatment "Fitoverm." In autumn, all plants were removed and the soil was replaced again (to be sure), and it worked. The tick did not return to us anymore. We’ve been living quietly for five years, which is what we wish for!
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Very often on the bunches of grapes you can see the web, and on the berries themselves - small pits. These are clear signs that grapes attacked leaf rollers.
In our conditions, butterflies fly out at the end of April, and eggs are laid off in mid-May. Through 25-30 days a new generation of butterflies appears, which lay eggs already on berries. The larvae eat out the insides of the berries, and then pass through the cobwebs to the next.
I am not a supporter of the use of "chemistry" in the garden, so to combat leaf rollers I use biological
methods. Firstly, I periodically inspect the inflorescences and clusters for damage. If I see a deforma-
bath flowers or berries, I delete them immediately.
Secondly, during the summer of butterflies I use traps. Crop plastic bottles, which fill the frozen with the last harvest of grape cake. I add a little sugar and vinegar to it. The resulting traps are hung on the vine next to the clusters.
I tried to use light-toots, but they only work on males. And this in no way affects the number of eggs laid by the females.
If the number of parasites grows significantly, I use preparations against pests based on microbial and fungal poisons.
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Triple strike on a spider mite
Spider mites in the country can appear anywhere: in the garden, and in vegetable beds. At my neighbor this pest even made his way to the flower garden. The most unpleasant thing is that to any kinds of poison, he quickly develops immunity.
A neighbor found a spider mite when watering - below the flowers were covered with cobwebs, and this is a clear sign of the appearance of a pest. If yellow dots went along the plant, then all the plants would have to be torn out and burned from the flowerbed. A neighbor took emergency measures: washed each plant with a soap solution (1 part liquid soap in 10 parts water) and rinsed with clean water.
I try to prepare the plantings with protective preparations in advance, and in the summer I prepare 3 different natural compounds so that the pests do not get used to them.
• For June: 100 g onion peel pour in 5 l of water. Insist 5 days. Strain. Generously sprinkle the leaves.
• For July: 5 garlic cloves chop and pour 5 L of water. Insist S days. Strain and treat plants.
• For August: 500 g of chopped dandelion leaves pour 5 liters of boiling water, leave for a week. Strain and spray the leaves 2 times - in the morning and in the evening.
If the pests have caused serious damage to plants, after harvesting I process all the beds with an insecticide diluted according to the instructions. This will not hurt the cultures.