Frost (photo) planting and care, useful properties
Contents ✓
- ✓ How to put hellebore?
- ✓ About fertilizing
- ✓ Controversial issue
- ✓ Methods of reproduction of hellebore
- ✓ Divide
- ✓ Growing a hellebore from the seeds
- ✓ Elimination of hellebore
- ✓ Frost protection: benefit
- ✓ Diseases and pests of hellebore
- ✓ Varieties of hellebore - photo
- ✓ GROWING A FREEZER - PLANTING AND CARE, ADVICE AND FEEDBACK FROM FLOWER GROWERS
Christ's rose hellebore: a flower from under the snow
In the southern regions, it blooms in winter, in the middle lane - in March-April. Neither snow nor return frosts are scary to the flowers. Delicate buds bloom after the flowers of crocus and snowdrop, notifying the neighborhood that spring has come, nature woke up from a long sleep.
In Europe, hellebore is also called the Christ Rose. Some say, because the period of its flowering is close to the Easter holidays. Others tell a beautiful legend that supposedly hellebore blossomed on Christmas night near the crib, in which the little Christ appeared. Gardeners appreciate this handsome not only for the early flowering, but for the bizarre radical leaves, something similar to the leaves of the peony. They are decorative throughout the summer, some species are evergreen (that is, they remain green even in winter). In addition, the plant has medicinal properties, in the prescriptions of doctors of antiquity in importance it occupied the second place after ginseng.
Species and varietal hellebores are an integral element of natural, natural, gardens and "old" parks.
Suitable for shady areas and feel good under the canopy of adult trees and shrubs, where they grow and bloom better. You can plant in rockeries in the scattered shadow of taller neighbors. In open areas, they are less decorative, develop more slowly, for such zones it is better to use Mediterranean species and their varieties.
See also: Hellebore flower - photo varieties, cultivation and planting
How to put hellebore?
Hellebores are planted immediately for many years (in one place they live for decades). Plants prefer clay soil, but well-drained and rich in humus (a large amount of nutrients is only good for them). The reaction of the soil should be neutral, acidic must be additionally liming - add a handful of lime or dolomite flour to 1 sq. M of soil. The site is pre-dug up to the depth of the shovel bayonet, a landing pit is prepared (1,5 times the soil lump of the seedling), a small layer of drainage (expanded clay or gravel) is poured onto the bottom.
Compost is added to the garden soil (3: 1). They are planted shallow, sprinkling the rhizome about 2 cm, that is, the root neck should be slightly below the soil level. It is watered abundantly at first, then moderately, as excessive moisture can lead to the development of rot, however, it is not recommended to dry the soil. It is better to plant hellebore in groups, for example, around an apple tree. So it will look advantageous against the backdrop of a snowy garden.
About fertilizing
Like other primroses, hellebore is responsive to top dressing with complex mineral fertilizer in early spring. Alternatively, double superphosphate (according to the instructions) and bone meal (about 200 g / m 2) can be introduced. The latter accelerates the process of restoration of roots in plants, therefore it is especially useful for transplantation. After flowering, the soil near the plants as a supplementary food and preserving moisture is mulched with compost, neutral peat or sawdust.
It perfectly stimulates the growth of green bushes, strengthens their immunity, early spring foliar top dressing with microelements (sprayed in dry, calm weather). In addition, falling leaves (from trees and shrubs under which the flowers grow) serve as “long-acting” organics.
When using a robot with a hellebore, use gloves. The juice of this plant can cause an allergic reaction to the skin.
Controversial issue
Some growers prefer to cut the bushes late in the autumn, arguing that under the weight of the snow their leaves still break or burn in the bright March sun, and then get sick. But, as practice shows, the large leathery foliage of the hellebore is well preserved in winter, covered with foliage or (the most thermophilic varieties) with coniferous branches, and from sunburn it can be protected by a low screen. But how effective this juicy greens will look against the background of melting snow!
However, before the beginning of flowering, last year's leaves still lose their decorativeness, lie down, revealing the middle of perennial with buds. Now the foliage can be cut, so it will not consume nutrients, which it is more useful to spend on flowering. In addition, this is the prevention of fungal diseases, especially in cases where the winter was wet or frosts were often replaced by thaws, and the place where the bushes grow is low. In place of the cut old leaves, new ones will begin to grow.
See also: Moroznik - planting and room care
Methods of reproduction of hellebore
Divide
The plant must be at least 5 years old. Divided either in spring, after flowering, or in autumn. Sections are processed with crushed coal. The plots are planted in planting holes, half filled with humus or compost, about 30 × 30 cm in size with the addition of 50-60 g (handfuls) of bone meal to each. Then it is regularly watered for 2-3 weeks.
The frostbite does not tolerate the transplant, the plants slowly take root, they are restored for a long time and. as a rule, do not have time to lay flower buds for the next season, that is, flowering is only a year later. In mixed plantings it is well combined with perennials, which are suitable for semi-shade and fertile non-acidic soil: primula, kupenoy.pionom, etc.
Growing a hellebore from the seeds
A large amount of planting material is easier to obtain from seeds that ripen on bushes annually. Seed germination requires a two-stage stratification: first a warm, then a cold period. Seeds quickly lose their germination, so they are sown fresh, immediately after harvest (in summer).
Grown from the seeds hellebore blooms but 3-4-th year.
Then next spring there will be numerous amicable shoots, and a few more will sprout in a year. In the open ground sow in 2,5-3 months before the onset of frost. When sowing in containers with loose moistened soil (it is better to take a mixture of peat and sand 3: 1), the seeds are sealed to a depth of 1-1,5 cm, first 3 months are kept in room conditions at a temperature of not more than + 20 degrees, then about the same in the refrigerator , where about + 4 degrees. Shoots are regularly watered, but it is important not to allow the appearance of mold.
Seedlings in the 1-2 stage of these leaflets dive into a more spacious container, withstanding the distance of 20 cm, or in separate pots, put in a semi-darkened corner. They permanently land in August-September. For winter, sprinkled with dry foliage or covered with coniferous branches.
Elimination of hellebore
Black hellebore lends itself particularly well to distillation. Planting material for this "procedure" must be obtained vegetatively, since when propagated by seeds, the offspring does not always inherit the property of early flowering. To make your plant bloom on New Year's or Christmas, in early fall (September), carefully transfer it into a pot. Leave in the garden, in partial shade, until frost, then transfer to a cold room with a low positive temperature (about +2 degrees). Keep the soil moist. The cold period should last one to two months. After that, the plant must be taken to a warmer place, it is advisable to increase the temperature gradually (up to +15 degrees), water moderately. Over time, flower buds will begin to develop, and with their appearance, you can put the pot in the living room.
After flowering, the hellebirds are looked after as ordinary houseplants, with the onset of spring they are buried with pots or planted in open ground.
Frost protection: benefit
M. Caucasian and M. black are used for therapeutic purposes. The healing properties of other species have not been officially confirmed. The treatment takes a long time, you should not count on a quick effect. In addition, if you deviate from medical recommendations, it can cause serious complications - with an overdose and an increase in the frequency of taking medications based on the hellebore. Unfortunately, some patients (especially overweight patients) have done this in an effort to recover as quickly as possible. In any case, you need to contact your doctor for advice.
What is the use of hellebore?
Has sedative, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiviral, expectorant, diuretic, laxative, antitumor effect.
Normalizes the metabolism (removes slag from the body, promotes weight loss without the formation of wrinkles and sagging skin).
Prevents the formation of stones in the liver and kidneys and promotes their dissolution.
Regulates coronary and cerebral circulation, blood sugar and cholesterol level.
Contraindications hellebore:
pregnancy, lactation, early age.
Application of hellebore.
In complex therapy for asthma, tuberculosis, urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, oncological diseases, etc.
Powder hellebore.
Pour 50 mg of powder (on the tip of a knife, or a quarter of a mustard spoon) on the tongue an hour before breakfast and drink it with water. Every 10 days, increase the dose by 50 mg, but even with good tolerance - no more than up to 300 mg (for stool disorders, reduce to normalization). The course of treatment is up to 12 months. After 6 months of admission, be sure to take a month break.
Decoction of hellebore.
1 tsp crushed root pour 2 st. boiling water, boil on low heat 5 min., insist until cooling, drain. Use for compresses, lotions, washing with skin diseases. Infusion. 2 tsp powder pour 0,5 l warm boiled water, infuse for 24 hours, drain. Use for compresses with arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis, foot baths with gout.
Procurement of raw materials
Dig up rhizomes with roots in September-October. Slightly sunk in the sun, well washed with a brush, finely chopped and dried in the oven at + 40-45 degrees. Razirayut in a mortar, stored up to 2 years.
Reference by topic: Flower hellebore (PHOTO) - the most beautiful varieties
Diseases and pests of hellebore
Name | Evidence | Control measures |
Antraknoz | Chaotic black-brown spots with an indistinct circular pattern appear on the leaves, usually starting from the edges. Gradually they merge, the tissues are destroyed, the leaves dry up, and then the stems are affected. The development of the disease is facilitated by high air humidity and temperatures above +22 degrees. | First of all, it is necessary to remove the affected parts of the plant, then treat the bushes with 1% Bordeaux mixture (or other copper-bearing fungicide). The processing is repeated 2-3 times at an interval of 15-20 days. |
False
mealy dew |
Young leaves do not grow, they are deformed. Brown spots appear on top of them, and off-white bloom below. | It is important not to thicken the planting. Affected plant residues are destroyed. Treatment with copper-containing fungicides will help to weaken the development of the fungus (the lower surface of the leaves is sprayed especially carefully). |
aphid | Leaves, buds and flowers curl, turn yellow, with a significant lesion, sticky discharge is visible on them. | Only healthy queen cells are used for reproduction. Parts of plants with strong lesions are removed. The bushes are treated with insecticides ("Aktara", "Biotlin", "Fufanon", "Tanrek" or others, according to the instructions), two or three times after 7-10 days. If the pests are slightly damaged, they are washed off with soapy water. |
Varieties of hellebore - photo
© Author: Kristina Klemeshova, Sochi, Tatyana Tsyganova, Phytotherapist, Smolensk. Photo by A. Romanov
GROWING A FREEZER - PLANTING AND CARE, ADVICE AND FEEDBACK FROM FLOWER GROWERS
FREEZER - GARDEN DECORATION
Many years ago a friend gave me a bouquet of fantastic flowers for my birthday - porcelain green, fragile and delicate in appearance. Then no one had ever heard of them in our country. I conducted a thorough search and nevertheless found a name - it was a Caucasian (Abkhazian) hellebore, an endemic, which is also listed in the Red Book. And I got sick with these plants ...
The hellebore (Helleborus), or winter garden, is an evergreen (wintergreen) perennial, which in recent years has become popular in our gardens of primroses lovers.
The plant has been known since ancient times and is shrouded in many legends. For example, in Germany, these flowers are traditionally given at Christmas and are called Christmas roses. In England, the Helleborians are believed to guard the house from evil spirits.
The hellebores are long-livers, besides they are unpretentious and shade-tolerant. They take root well on moisture-intensive, but well-drained soils with a neutral reaction, although they will survive on slightly acidic ones. They can tolerate drought for a while, but they can be lost from stagnant water. If everything suits them, then over time they form large picturesque clumps, delighting the gardener from March-April until winter.
Helleborus are now grown in gardens both as highly decorative and as medicinal plants (however, it is worth considering the fact that they are poisonous). We, flower growers, appreciate them for their resistance to any frost, early spring flowering (and sometimes winter in warm winters!) And beautiful leathery evergreen foliage. In the south, flowers bloom in February and bloom until April; in the middle lane, flowering lasts from April to May. It happens that the curtain suddenly opens up in late autumn among the newly fallen snow. The bushes of the winter road feel great in open meadows, in rock gardens and rocky corners of the garden, in mixborders and curbs, even along paths, but they are most comfortable in the partial shade of shrubs and deciduous trees - under apple trees, hazel, irga, linden, even oak!
The traditional favorite of my garden is black hellebore. This species already has many varieties with large double snow-white or pink flowers.
The most popular species in Russian gardening is oriental hellebore and its colored hybrids. In central Russia, they bloom in early March and immediately become a bright decorative spot in a shady mixbor dere, between bushes and under trees.
According to experts, in the climatic conditions of the middle zone, it is possible to successfully grow (which is already happening in our gardens) the most hardy species of hellebore: m black, m reddish, m decorated, m fragrant, m oriental, m Abkhaz ( Caucasian), m. speckled, m. smelly (odorless, and peduncles reach 80 cm), as well as numerous varieties of garden hybrids obtained by crossing various species.
As a result of crossing the beautiful eastern hellebore with some other related species and subspecies, the color range of flowers in m. Hybrid has significantly expanded. Now there are gray, almost black, dark purple, plum, red, yellow, white and green. The inner surface of the sepals can be marked with veins, dots, and pink, red, or purple specks. In some varieties, dark nectaries contrast effectively with light sepals. Not so long ago, varieties with double and anemone flowers were bred. The outer surface of the sepals (it is they, and not the petals, that are most decorative) often have a greenish tint, which becomes more pronounced as the flower ages. Individual flowers often remain on the plant for a month or longer. Their size is 5-8 cm in diameter, the height of the peduncles is 45-70 cm.The curtain itself is made of carved leaves 30-40 cm high.
My hellebores enjoy life under the apple trees, and also coexist (and complement each other) with Kupena variegat, Volzhanka and peonies. For those flower growers who have not yet made friends with the exotic "snow rose" (another name for helleborus), I highly recommend looking at the clumps of these flowers in the Moscow Pharmaceutical Garden or in the Main Botanical Garden for a start. And they certainly grow in the botanical gardens of other cities.
© Author: A. MALAKHOVA Moscow
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