Carnations (photos) types of planting and care
Contents ✓
- ✓ Perennial carnations
- ✓ Carnation chinese
- ✓ Varieties and garden forms of carnations
- ✓ Carnation
- ✓ Perennial species of carnations
- ✓ Clove Care
- ✓ Diseases and pests
- ✓ Reproduction of carnations
- ✓ Carnation seedlings cultivation
- ✓ Cutting of a carnation
- ✓ GROWING CARNIVES OF DIFFERENT TYPES - TIPS AND REVIEWS OF FLOWERS
- ✓ Growing cloves from seeds - video
Carnation flower: growing as an annual biennial and perennial
The variety of species of carnations makes it possible to widely use them in ornamental floriculture, cloves are cultivated as annuals, biennials and perennials
The scientific name translated from Greek means "Zeus flower", "divine flower." The Russian name is given for the similarity of a flower with a hand-forged nail. Perhaps the more correct is the version according to which the carnation flower is so named for the similarity of its smell with the spice of the same name.
But the fragrant buds of the clove tree are just like little carnations.
Gender of Carnation (Dianthus) from the Clove family (Caryophyllaceae) includes about 300 species common in Europe. Asia and North Africa.
See also: Carnation (photo) garden - planting and care of a flower
Perennial carnations
Cloves are perennial (rarely one or two year old) herbs and shrubs. In most species, a powerful root leaves vertically downward, shoots grow from its upper part, which in turn take root. The stems of carnations have pronounced thickened nodes.
Leaves are narrow, linear-lanceolate, in a number of species are subulate, located in pairs opposite. Flowers in inflorescences or solitary, large enough, with a well-developed tubular cup of fused sepals. Petals 5, often with a characteristic fringe on the border of the plate and the nail, along the edge often cut.
The color of the flowers can be white, various shades of pink (from crimson to pale, almost white), less often lilac or yellowish. Flowers of most types of carnations have a characteristic pleasant smell. The fruit is a box, the seeds are numerous, small.
Carnation chinese
The most vivid example of annual carnations is the Chinese carnation (Diantha chinensis), which is found naturally in the south of Primorsky Krai, in Mongolia, in North China, and in Korea. A perennial plant, in countries with a temperate climate, is cultivated as an annual. Stems 30-50 cm in height form sprawling curtains. Leaves are narrow, green or grayish-green. Flowering from spring to mid-summer. Flowers 2,5-3 cm (in cultivated varieties up to 4 cm) in diameter, usually single or in apical bud-shaped little-flowered inflorescence, white, pink or lilac, almost devoid of flavor. The petals are serrated along the edge.
Varieties and garden forms of carnations
For more than three hundred years of history of culture, many garden forms and varieties of Chinese cloves have been obtained. They differ in the height and thickness of the bush, in the size and color of the flowers. In recent years, the selection is aimed at obtaining compact low (no more than 15 cm height) plants.
Interesting varieties of the group Marquis (Dianthus Marquise Series), The result is a cross between a carnation of Chinese and bearded, or Turkish (Dianthus barbatus). Their flowers, in addition to the variety of colors, have a strong pleasant smell.
Carnation
Carnation bearded, or Turkish (Dianthus barbatus), in nature is widespread in the south of Europe and in Asia. It is one of the most common in the culture of carnation species, cultivated as a biennial. There are many varieties, including terry ones.
Stems 30-70 cm in height, strong, with pronounced nodes. Leaves lanceolate, green or reddish. Blooms in June-July about 4 weeks. The flowers are fragrant, up to 1,5 cm in diameter, collected in dense multiflorous corymbose apical inflorescences. The petals are white, pink, burgundy, often mottled.
Perennial species of carnations
Carnation-grass (Dianthus deltoides) widely distributed throughout Europe, as well as in Western Asia. The stems are weak, ascending, 20-40 cm in height. Leaves are small, narrow, dark or grayish-green. Blossoms throughout the summer. Flowers are collected in small-flowered apical inflorescences, 1-1,5 cm in diameter, bright pink, odorless. White-flowered forms are found in nature, varieties having flowers with an “eye” are bred in culture.
Carnation lush (Dianthus superbus) in nature occurs in Europe and North Asia. The stems are thin, ascending, 15-60 (sometimes up to 80) cm in height. Leaves are narrow, linear, green or greyish-green. Blooms all summer. Flowers in loose apical inflorescences, 3-5 cm in diameter, with a strong pleasant odor.
Petals from pink to lilac, at the end are cut into many thin, almost filiform lobes. There are natural forms with the coloring of petals of different intensity, cultural varieties are derived.
Clove Care
In general, carnations are quite unpretentious. They, like most garden plants, require regular propolok, although overgrown shrubs are usually so thick that they muffle the weeds. In watering, adult specimens practically do not need, being content with soil moisture. They respond positively to fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and humus, they do not tolerate fresh manure.
Complex mineral fertilizer is applied in early spring, then after flowering. In autumn, pour nutritious compost, humus. Stems with inflorescences after the end of flowering are removed in order to avoid self-seeding and stimulate re-flowering.
Most cloves are frost-hardy, but some, especially varietal ones, need easy shelter for the winter. It should be noted that these plants suffer not so much from the frost, but from the precipitation during thaws. Therefore, it is recommended to cover them with lapnik, without laying branches on the ground, but sticking them so that they form something like a low shalashik, inside which air easily penetrates.
In the garden, carnations prefer a sunny location. The soil requires fertile, loamy, well drained, neutral or slightly alkaline. Overmoistening and stagnation of water are extremely harmful.
Diseases and pests
Types of carnations, which are grown in the open ground, are sufficiently resistant to diseases and pests. Nevertheless, they can be affected by a number of fungal diseases (rust, fusari-oz, alternaria, etc.). Some diseases are transmitted to carnations from affected tulips, so these species are not recommended to grow near or use in crop rotation. They fight with diseases with the help of fungicides, the destruction of affected plants.
Pests are dangerous from pests (damage the roots) and earwigs (damage shoots, buds). As a measure of struggle, digging the soil around the plantations in late autumn is used, this leads to the freezing of insects.
Reproduction of carnations
Seed propagation is more often used in the culture of one- and biennial species. Seeds are sown in April-May in containers with sandy soil, which contain at a temperature of + 16 ... + 20 C. Transplantation to a permanent place (for annuals) or to a school (for biennials) is carried out when 3-4 pairs of leaves appear.
Biannuals are planted in a permanent place next spring. Carnation shoots are very small, develop slowly, so sowing directly into the ground is not recommended. Nevertheless, if the seeds are many and they do not represent a particular value, they can be sown and in beds. Do this under winter or early spring.
In autumn sowing, seedlings appear a week or two after the snow melts; in spring, germination can take up to a month. Most perennial carnations bloom the very next year.
Carnation seedlings cultivation
It is possible to grow seedlings, especially for annual carnations of the Shabo group and Chinese carnations, which are grown as annuals. Seeds are sown in containers in January-February and contain at a temperature of + 12 ... + 15 ° С. The soil mixture is prepared from sheet, loamy soil and sand (1: 2: 1).
Picks are made after the appearance of the first pair of real leaves, it is recommended to add humus or nutritious compost to the landing mixture of the above composition.
By dividing the bush, the species of carnations reproduce, which form the sod of easily rooting shoots, for example the carnation of the bearded (Turkish), carnation of the herb.
Young plants contain on the lightest window sill at a temperature of + 8 ... + 12 ° C, if necessary, create artificial illumination. In April, seedlings are taken out into the greenhouse, they are planted in the ground in May, when the threat of frost is over.
See also: Fragrant plants and flowers for the garden
Cutting of a carnation
All carnations reproduce perfectly. Cuttings cut in late May or early June, when the budding process begins and vegetative shoots can easily be distinguished from flowering ones. On the cuttings go vegetative shoots of length 3-9 cm (depending on the type), each of which must contain at least 3-4 nodes. The leaves from the two lower nodes are removed, and along the entire length of the first internode a straight cut is made on 1 / 3 the thickness of the stem. Prepared in this manner cuttings are planted in calcined wet sand and covered with film or jars. Rooting takes place in 2-3 weeks.
Reproduction by layers
In species with long vegetative shoots, multiplication by layering is possible. For this, the shoots are pinned to the ground in the spring and buried on top of the soil. To accelerate the process of rooting, the application of the incision on the underside of the first interstitial sites by the already described method will help. Soil, which is sprinkled with a binder, it is recommended to keep it moist.
After growing from the pinned sprouting of shoots, the new plant is separated from the mother plant and planted on a permanent place.
GROWING CARNIVES OF DIFFERENT TYPES - TIPS AND REVIEWS OF FLOWERS
Carnation ARBTIC FIRE
I have many perennials grown from seeds, but every season the "family" replenishes them. A couple of years ago I bought a teak pack, which depicted a scattering of white flowers with a red center in the middle. So I met with clove grassy Arctic Fire.
In March, she sowed seeds in a bowl with purchased soil, after spilling it with potassium permanganate. The crops were sprayed with "HB-101". Seedling care is usual: watering, spraying, fertilizing with fertilizers for seedlings. With the onset of warmth, the plant planted in a sunny place. In the end, only one survived. It is perfect for an alpine slide (but it looks great in a flower garden). After a while, the bush grew and in the first year made it happy with several flowers. I wintered well without shelter.
MY CARE SECRETS
In the spring I fed him with complex mineral fertilizer, flocked the earth, and the flower began to grow. Our soil is loamy, moisture is retained, but watering is needed on hot days. Summer bush mustache
charming flowers fell, and it was hard to believe that this is just one plant, it has grown so much. Its stems are 20–25 cm high and are covered with elongated silvery leaflets. Even without flowers, this “pillow” looks decorative.
The flowers of the Arctic Fire are quite large, up to 2 cm in diameter. It blooms for a long time, wilted inflorescences cut off in time. If weeds germinate, gently raise the “pillow” and remove them.
So far, I have not observed diseases and pests on my darling, since when treating neighboring plants from powdery mildew (Fitosporin, Topaz, etc., according to the instructions), cloves also fall.
Next to the "beautiful lady" in the front garden grows a rose with red petals. Nearby is the purpurea purpurea. Looking at them is a pleasure!
© Author: Nadezhda LISYUTINA, p. Rognedino, Bryansk Region
Growing cloves from seeds - video
© Author: Marina Novoselova .. Photo: Yuri Roskov
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Carnation sow in February
Some consider carnation to be a grandmother, unfashionable flower. And I am a grandmother! So, I can without a twinge of conscience love this cute flower and sow it every year - which I do!
Sow cloves very first, even before the peppers and celery, -10-15 February.
I take the soil store. I fill it with a box, spill a weak solution of potassium permanganate and spread the seeds.
I fill crops with hot sand and cover with a packet. I put in a cool place. From time to time I spray warm water.
When sprouts appear, I put the box on a bright, but equally cool window sill.
In a flowerbed transplanted in May. Blooms carnation until frost.
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In order for the Turkish carnation to bloom for a long time, it needs to be watered in time, thoroughly weeded and properly fed. I want to share the composition of her "diet."
Top dressing is carried out in three stages.
The first - the drug "Agricola Forward" in the spring, during the active growth of shoots (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of warm water). You can also use any nitrogen-containing fertilizer.
The second is carried out at the moment when the buds are laid. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are used (1 tbsp. L. Potassium sulfate and superphosphate - they are diluted in 10 l of water).
The third - after flowering with fertilizer "Agricola for flowering plants" (1 tbsp. L. Per 10 liters of water).
When sowing the seeds of the Turkish carnation, a rather powerful rosette can be formed directly into the open ground (a shortened stem with leaves close to each other).
If after flowering to remove the flower stalks of carnations, then the socket will give new shoots that will bloom luxuriantly next year. You can also cut the cuttings and after the flowering of carnations, plant them for rooting. Before the onset of winter on these cuttings grow new outlet.
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After blossoming shoots with blue and pinnate carnations cut off a third, so that in the next season, wait for abundant flowering on strong plants.
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At the end of June, if desired, you can sow the seeds of forget-me-nots, foxglove, middle bell, chicory vulgaris. At the same time, do not miss the last opportunity to sow the seeds of the Turkish carnation, grown sprouts which in August transplant to a permanent place.
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Carnation for seedlings
In mid-late March, sow seedlings of annual and perennial cloves on seedlings: spread them into grooves 3 mm deep, made in the substrate with a stick or ruler every 2-2,5 cm. Sprinkle with washed and calcined river sand. Moisturize from a spray bottle. Put a plastic bag on the bowl to preserve moisture and keep at a temperature of + 16 ... + 18 degrees.
When the shoots appear, remove the package. Seedlings keep as close to the light as possible. A month after sowing, discard. In the open ground, transplant at the end of May, when the threat of recurrent frosts passes.
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My turkish carnations blossom long and very beautiful. How do I achieve this? Now I'll tell you.
Sowing. The best time for soil preparation and sowing is spring-summer. I dig the soil, water it and cover it with a film. After 2 weeks you can sow. Better - in rows with row spacing of 15 cm. I spray the crops with water, pull the covering material from above. After 1,5 weeks, seedlings will appear, which after a week or two will be transplanted, leaving 5-7 cm between plants.
Care. In 1-th year must be formed bush. For winter, I cover it with lapnik. Then I weed and periodically loosen the plants. If the heat costs, I increase the watering. And I direct the stream strictly under the root.
1-th time I fertilize the carnation, when it reaches 10 cm in height. For this, dilute the 1 art. l. nitrofoski and complex mineral fertilizer in 10 l water and water the plants.
I spend the 2nd feeding when buds appear. Here I already use a mixture of potassium sulfate and superphosphate (also 1 tbsp each). For the third time I feed with any flower fertilizer - during the flowering of cloves.
Against pests, I use the infusion from the tops of potatoes (1 kg of dry or green leaves to pour 10 L of water and insist for 1,5 days). Spray this infusion twice a day, until I get rid of pests.
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Tell me, how and when to cut a carnation?
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In July-August cuttings take from the tops of young non-flowering veto-check, departing from the middle part of the stem (directly under the knot). Old leaves are removed, and the remaining ones are cut halfway. The stalk should not be very long and it is recommended to have a "heel" for this not to cut it, but tear it off (the torn off gets better). Cuttings are planted in boxes in a light soil containing a sufficient amount of sand. Plants are covered with a film or glass before germination. Then the ground is kept moderately moist, the cuttings are sprayed, they are ventilated from time to time, carefully checked for planting and, if necessary, remove all rotting parts. Under good conditions, rooting takes about two months.
Until spring, boxes are kept in a room with a temperature of at least + 18 deg. In the open ground plants are transplanted in the next season at the end of May, when the threat of recurrent frosts passes.