Podzimniy sowing of beets, carrots and onions
Podzimniy sowing - rules, fertilizers and varieties
The advantage of podzimnih crops is particularly noticeable in the years with cold and rainy in spring, and even in areas where the earth is slowly warming up and does not dry out for a long time, as well as where there are spring droughts.
Seeds sown before winter (late November) make better use of winter moisture, germinate faster, germinate 3-4 weeks earlier, and accordingly, form an early crop. Winter sowing can be applied in all areas of the country. An additional advantage of plants sown in the autumn is great endurance and resistance to various diseases and insects, as well as to late spring frosts. They grow faster and require less watering.
However, this method has its risks: it is not always possible to guess with the weather. Root crops (beetroot, carrot, radish) can blossom without forming root crops, because the plants pass before the vernalization stage, caused by the fluctuation of negative and positive temperatures.
Therefore, the most difficult moment is to correctly determine the timing of sowing and predict what winter will be like; cold or very cold. Otherwise, sprouted seeds may die at the first frost.
However, these negative moments can be partially mitigated by observing the technological process (preparing the plot in time, selecting suitable grades, timing and sowing schemes, properly caring for the plants). In general, the risk is not so great that because of him deprive himself of the opportunity to get an early harvest.
It is recommended to sow seeds when the soil temperature drops to 2-3 °, weak, but stable autumn frosts will occur. In this case, before the frost, the seeds will only have time to swell.
In early autumn, weeds, various plant debris should be removed from the ridges, and soil should be dug up. When plowing, you need to make potash and phosphoric mineral fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium chloride, ammophos), while it does not make sense to use nitrogen fertilizers in the fall: during the winter they will be washed out of the soil. The application rate is 15-40 g per 1 square. m (depending on soil fertility).
See also: Subzimnium sowing carrots - grades and dates
From organic fertilizers make humus, compost, lowland peat - 3-4 kg per 1 square. m on fertile developed soils and twice as much on infertile. Under carrots, beets, turnips, radishes, onions, garlic, fresh manure is not introduced.
Before stable freezing of the soil (usually at the end of October - beginning of November), the beds, if necessary, are once again leveled and grooved. At the same time, the depth of the grooves should be slightly more than recommended for a particular crop, since a small layer (1-1,5 cm) of humus or compost should be poured on the bottom before sowing.
It tolerates the winter crops of carrots. Seeds are planted 4-5 cm regardless of soil type, leaving a row spacing of 20-25 cm. The best precursors for carrots are onions, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes.
Sowing carrots, we must remember that the roots of podzimnih crops are stored poorly and should not occupy large areas. carrots, suitable for winter sowing: Nantes, Chantane 2461, Chantany royal, Nezhenka, etc.
Nantes - mid-season variety, from germination to harvesting takes 100-110 days. The root crop is cylindrical, blunt, with excellent internal and external coloring. The core is small, orange. The pulp is tender, juicy, of excellent taste. It is recommended for fresh consumption, processing.
Royal Chantana is a mid-season variety. The period from seedlings to harvest 90-110 days. Belongs to the sorghum type Shantana. Root crops aligned, conic. The color of the surface, pulp and core is orange-red. Taste is high, valued for its high carotene content. Recommended for fresh consumption and processing.
New regionalized variety Nezhenka also mid-season. The rosette of leaves is semi-spreading, the root crop is long, cylindrical with a weak run and a blunt base (sorbotype Berlikum / Nantes). Taste good and excellent. The dry matter content of -13,4-14,6%, total sugar - 8,4-8,8%. carotene - up to 17,6 mg per 100 g of crude material.
In regions with a short summer, winter winter sowing of BEET in the canteen is the best option, as root crops do not have time to fully ripen during normal sowing. In addition, winter sowing has a series of Bordeaux 237 - the most famous and popular mid-early beet variety. The period from seedlings to harvest 95-100 days. The rosette of leaves is semi-erect, root crops are round, rounded flat, weighing up to 400 g. The flesh is juicy, dense, sweet, without a ring, dark red (burgundy) color.
It is recommended to grow beets after tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, cucumbers and onions. But it's impossible to sow it after carrots, cabbage, and cultivate it on the same place for several years: the soil will be depleted, the causative agents of diseases and pests accumulate.
For the sub-winter planting, the largest beet seeds are selected. They are not soaked before sowing, only for a short while, at 15 min, they lower it into a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then they are washed, slightly dried and immediately sown.
For 1 run m beds 1,5 g of seeds are required, they are sown according to the scheme of 5-10 × 30-40 cm to a depth of 1,5-2,5 cm. Sprinkle with prepared soil in advance, and then mulch with dry peat or humus with a layer of 1,5-2 see. Leaves, branches with leaves are thrown onto the garden. All this is removed in the spring, as soon as the snow comes off, the mulch is raked off. Or rows with beets can be covered with non-woven material, which will allow you to get a crop a week earlier.
For podzimnih crops, you can use all early, cold-resistant, color-resistant varieties of beetroot canteen: Bordeaux 237, Egyptian flat. Smuglyanka, Creole and more
Creole is a mid-season variety, from germination to harvesting takes 90-100 days. Forms aligned rounded root crops weighing 200-220 g with delicate dark red and very tasty pulp.
Under the winter you can also sow a turnip Moon, radish Cardinal F1, Carmelita. Mercado, dill Gladiator, parsley Italian giant, leaf salad, spinach, sorrel. For podzimnego crop selected special varieties, resistant to cold, or early maturing grades, resistant to stalking.
Reference by topic: Podzimniy sowing vegetables - the secrets of the harvest
Seeds of onions are also best to sow from autumn. They germinate very slowly, sown under the winter, they shoot earlier. The timing of sowing is chosen taking into account the fact that the seeds should not proklyutsya and germinate (early November).
As for the selection of varieties and hybrids, the early-ripening and resistant to rifling, for example, Bessonovsky and Strigunovsky, are the best ones. Esaul F ,. With podzimnih crops onions yield yields for 2-3 weeks earlier, it is more at 20-25%, and the bulbousness of bulbs is better.
So autumn is not only the time of harvesting, preparing the site for winter, but also the time when you can think about the future harvest!
© Author: M. KOSENKO Senior Researcher, Selection Group of Root Crops and Onions of the Center for Selection and Seed Growing VNIIO
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Onions: planted for the winter
1. I start with the choice of variety. I take any sharp zoned, and even look at the size of the bulbs: the smaller - the better, with a diameter of not more than 1 cm (the so-called ovuskok). Such a small sekok is kept poorly, but you plant it in the fall - you will get a good harvest.
2. To bow had time to take root, it must be planted before the soil freezes.
Then it will well take and successfully overwinter. Therefore, I carefully select the time, because it's bad and hasty, and late. Usually I look at the weather and temperature of the soil: as soon as it stably falls to + 5 degrees, and below - it's time.
3. The place I choose is sunny, well ventilated, without stagnation of moisture, because the excess of thawed waters is a dangerous enemy of onions!
4. I prepare foodstuffs in advance, dig over. Before posad-
I cut through every 15-20 cm grooves depth 5 cm (on the heavy soil can be smaller), I sprinkle them with compost a little and plant the bulbs at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other, deepening them so that the neck was at 1,5-2 cm below ground level.
5. Sowok for the winter, unlike the spring planting, I plant dry, I do not cut off the cervical bulb.
6. After planting a bed I sprinkle the earth, and then mulch with humus.
7. Before freezing, the bed is additionally sprinkled with sawdust, and in winter I throw snow on it.
8. In the spring, as the snow melts, the sawdust is carefully removed (I carefully look, if the shoots did not appear to inadvertently not touch them). Then I loosen rows between rows.
Depending on the weather, onions for winter in the middle lane are planted with 5 on 20 October.
According to the lunar calendar, the best days this month are -17 and 18 October
Olga YAKOVENKO, Mykolayivka
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Autumn is not only the time of harvesting, it is also the time of sowing. The winter. Before, I didn’t even know how many crops can and should be sown in the autumn months!
Winter garlic and onions, as well as decorative bulbous tulips, daffodils, primroses-I squeeze about a month before the onset of severe frosts. Then the bulbs will take root well, but they will not be able to drive out the greens.
Tight-like seeds - carrots, dill, parsley - are programmed by nature for long-term contact with the ground for a slow and gradual destruction of the shells. In the spring they will give friendly shoots.
• Beets sown in the autumn (there is even a special type Podzimnaya A-474), will give an opportunity
in spring, do not track the timing of sowing the first wave - the plant itself will grow under favorable conditions. It will beets for early consumption. A week after the appearance of the first winter shoots in the spring, I sow the 2nd batch of seeds, a week later - the 3rd, for winter storage.
The seeds of some flowers - marigold, marigolds, asters - can also be sown before winter.
All the seeds sow into the already cooled and even slightly frozen ground so that they do not poke themselves ahead of time. Therefore, I prepare the beds and flower beds in advance, separately I reserve loose soil to fill the furrows and peat humus mixture for mulching. Olga
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What is the purpose of podzimnius watering?
This method is conducted in arid autumn in late September-October. It creates a favorable water regime in the soil in winter and protects the tree from desiccation. The ground is preliminarily loosened.
In places where regular watering was not, pour an order of 70-80 l of water to 1 sq. M (and 30-40 l - if the autumn is rainy or the plot is irrigated in the summer). After the whiplash circle it is desirable to cover up with non-acid peat, humus, sawdust or straw layer in 4-5, see.