Top dressing for plants - correct application
What top dressing and when to apply - professional advice
About the fact that every fertilizer is needed for plants, each gardener, it is very important to understand what, when and in what form is required for certain plants. Of the main nutrients needed for the plant organism, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen plants are derived from water and air. But nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium must get to them from the soil.
These batteries are absorbed by the roots.
In addition, plants need meso- and microelements: iron, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, boron, zinc, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, manganese.
They are needed by plants in relatively small quantities and are needed to build enzymes, hormones, and vitamins.
At the same time, the need of plants for nutrients is different at different periods of growth, and in the ideal case, fertilizers should compensate for the needs of plants in this particular phase of development. In addition, it must be borne in mind that it is important not only the quantity, but also the optimal ratio of nutrients, which also differs in different periods of plant growth.
Nitrogen in large quantities is needed by plants at the beginning of the growing season, phosphorus - before flowering and ovary formation, as well as at the time of fruit growth, potassium - when the fruits ripen and prepare for wintering.
See also: Care of the garden: sludge and fertilizing
The need for trace elements also varies depending on the type of soil, its acidity, and the period of plant growth. Inattention to this can lead to the most sad consequences: malnutrition, poor wintering of plants, damage to diseases and pests.
Purchasing and using fertilizers, the first thing that should be paid attention to - are the numbers denoting the composition of the basic elements of nutrition.
This NPK is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
It is their ratio that is decisive. It is also desirable that the composition of the fertilizer contains such trace elements as iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron, copper. An important point is the use of sulfates instead of chlorides. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are noticeably cheaper, but plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, berry crops, cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkin, as well as lawn grasses do not tolerate excess chlorine.
Everyone knows that nitrogen stimulates plant growth. Nitrogen is especially needed in the spring, at the beginning of the growing season, when the plant should grow actively.
At the same time, top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers - carbamide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate leads to rapid stimulation of the growth of the aerial parts of plants to the detriment of the root system.
And beautiful, strong-looking, succulent plants turn out to be fragile, painful and poorly tolerated by stress.
Therefore, in the spring it makes sense to use balanced fertilizers with the correct ratio of the main nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and trace elements to stimulate growth. An example of such fertilizers is the Master 17.6.18 (for the first feeding of seedlings) or the more universal Plantafol 30.10.10 for sheet feeding of plants at the beginning of the growing season.
Flowering, ovary formation, the need to isolate nectar and fertilize pollen - change the needs of plants. Nitrogen supplements during this period will delay flowering and reduce the amount of ovary. Before flowering, plants need large amounts of soluble phosphorus and nitrogen; and they need relatively little potassium.
Phosphoric fertilizing before blooming sharply increases the sugar content of nectar and the attractiveness of flowers for insect pollinators. In addition, large amounts of this element are needed to form the ovary. The ideal fertilizing during this period will be fertilizer with the following ratio: N = 10-15, P = 40-50, K = 10-20 (for example, Master 13.40.13 or Plantafol 10.54.10).
In addition, for the fertilization of pollen, plants badly need boron, zinc and molybdenum. They can be given to the plant in the form of salts of boric acid, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate. 
But the salt is slowly absorbed by the plant organism. To help the grower come chelators, which are absorbed by the plant in a matter of hours thanks to the organic component.
To carry out fertilizing, you can use monochelates: chelate boron, zinc chelate, molybdenum, even better-to add the plant a complex of trace elements. But! On soils with different acidity, plants suffer from a lack of various trace elements.
On acidic soils, top dressing is necessary with a high content of boron, zinc, molybdenum and copper (for example, Brexil Mix). On alkaline - it is better to use top dressing with a high content of iron, which is difficult to access on alkaline soils and urgently needed by plants (for example, Brexil Combi).
In the formation of the ovary, plant hormones can also be used: cytokinins, gibberellins and auxins. The most commonly used hormones are auxins, in the form of Hetero-Auxin and Kornevin preparations, and cytokinin paste. The skillful use of selected hormonal complexes is a reliable way to increase productivity and stimulate plant immunity. However, it should be remembered that plant hormones are potent remedies, and they must be used with great care.
The next important stage in the life of the plant, when its needs for micronutrients and nutrients are changing again, is the growth of fruits. At this time, the fruit crops need approximately the same ratio of NPK.
Reference by topic: Fertilizers and fertilizing for flowers
Therefore, for fertilizing, a fertilizer such as nitroammofosk 16.16.16 is well suited. It is applied both under the root and on the leaf. But if you want to get more effect when applying minimal doses of fertilizers, especially with foliar top dressing, it is better to use a more concentrated and chlorine-free fertilizer (for example, Master 20.20.20 or Master 18.18.18.3 with a high content of magnesium, Plantafol 20.20.20).
To increase the size of the fruit, you can use the Benefit growth stimulator, which activates the division of the fetal cells, increasing its size in a natural way. At the same time, the amount of nitrates in the fruits decreases. Of course, it is necessary to use stimulants against the background of abundant plant nutrition.
A moment that looks scary when using this drug is a decrease in plant turgor in the first day after treatment. So it should be - increased plant metabolism, active cell division of the fruit for a while can cause a lack of water in the plant tissues. Therefore, it is better to use Benefit in conjunction with the stimulator Megafol (15 ml per 10 liters of water), which significantly increases the effectiveness of the use of Benefit and fertilizers.
Of the trace elements during the period of fruit growth, iron and magnesium are essential for vegetable and fruit crops. With their help, we will support bright greens and an intensive metabolism of plants, as well as help them to form juicy, but not watery fruits.
Completion of vegetation and ripening - the nutritional requirements of plants are changing again. Typically, in late July - August, plant nutrition is practically not carried out. But if we want to get a lot of large, sweet fruits with a high keeping quality, improve the ripening of the shoots and increase the laying of flower buds of the next season, as well as increase the winter hardiness of southern crops (peach, roses and grapes), then in this case one more top dressing is mandatory event!
During this period, the plants almost finished growing, and they need nitrogen in minimal quantities. Moreover, nitrogen fertilizing in July-August will cause late growth of plant shoots, poor ripening and a sharp deterioration in winter hardiness. Plants need phosphorus, large amounts of potassium, calcium, boron and zinc. With their help, the fruits ripen, there is a lignification of shoots grown in the current season. An important point is the laying of flower buds of next year. The frequency of fruiting of fruit trees known to all, as a rule, is caused precisely by nutritional deficiency in July-August. "Throwing all the resources"
to ripen the crop, the tree cannot lay enough buds that will bloom next year. Correct this situation can be plentiful feeding with phosphorus and potassium. The optimal moment for them is the beginning of fruit staining.
A good option during this period is feeding with potassium monophosphate or complex fertilizers with a low nitrogen content - Master 3.11.38, Plantafol 5.15.45. To cover the need for trace elements during this period, 1-2-fold top dressing with calcium nitrate, Brexil Calcium, Brexil Zinc will help.
You can use the drug Viva - a ready-made set of polypeptides, amino acids and growth stimulants (it is better suited for vegetables and strawberries). And for fruit crops, Sweet is better suited - a biostimulant of the intensity of fruit color and accelerated ripening. Its use is especially effective in the cold, rainy summers, when the ripening of fruits and grapes is delayed.
After applying this stimulant, the color of the fruits increases, the sugar content rises (this is especially true for grapes!), The structure of the fetal tissues is strengthened - the fruits become more prone, and the content of dry matter and vitamins in the fruits also increases.
See also: Feeding and fertilization with yeast
Feeding taking into account the needs of plants in various phases of growth and development, understanding these needs will allow to obtain higher yields, improve wintering and plant immunity. Then trees and shrubs, vegetables will delight us with bright greenery and plentiful harvest, and ornamental plants with powerful growth and plentiful flowering.
© Author: Vladimir Mikhailov, TD Summer
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Organic fertilizers for the site, garden and vegetable garden - advice KSH Sciences
- Winter garden dressing
- 8 rules for fertilizing and feeding bad soil (Nizhny Novgorod region)
- EM preparations for tomatoes + correct irrigation regimes - instructions
- What are humates and how to use them in the garden and garden - advice from k.s.h. sciences
- When and how to start feeding vegetables - what fertilizers and when?
- Growing green manure - simple about the complex + soil green manure TABLE
- Spring fertilizers - how and what to apply
- Feeding and fertilization with yeast
- Do-it-yourself top dressing from tomato stepchildren
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What is better to feed the lawn in the summer? I prefer biofertilizers.
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- Then buy bone meal. It is inexpensive, and one package is enough for 1-2 seasons (depending on the area of the lawn). The application rate is 1-2 tbsp / sq.m. Flour is scattered on grass and spilled plentifully. I am preparing a special infusion. Pour 1 kg of bone meal 20 liters of boiling water. Stir occasionally for a week, then filter. Before use, I dilute in a ratio of 1:10. So it turns out even more economically. One such top dressing per season is enough, because bone meal “works” in the soil for up to 8 months. Well, I do not forget to sprinkle the lawn in the evenings so that the grass turns green.
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Always, when peeling potatoes, keep the peel. It needs to get wet from excess moisture and disintegrate next to the battery. After the peel is completely dry, fold it into linen bags and store until spring. So during the winter I usually get a whole bag of peel. Why all this, you ask.
And for feeding! In spring and during the summer, I use the peel for feeding berry bushes. Particularly in mind is fertilizer raspberries, currants and gooseberries.
But I do not scatter the peels on the ground: it will only attract all kinds of mice. I usually grind dry peel in a blender, sprinkle the resulting powder around the bushes and gently close it with a chopper. In general, the peel of potatoes is a source of starch and glucose that berry bushes like. Here is a simple fertilizer everyone can do. I advise.
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To grow a good cabbage helps me a sweet top dressing. Since the autumn I put in a 200-liter barrel 2 buckets in volume 10 l Mullein and 1 the same bucket of chicken manure.
And in the spring I add there an 3-liter jar of old jam, I lower the net from potatoes stuffed with nettles, and fill it with water. Fill should not be up to the top, but leaving room for fermentation. Once a day, I stir the fertilizer. When he finishes wandering, I pour the infusion in half with water and water cabbage 3 times a month. For 2 weeks before harvesting cabbage I stop feeding. Heads at me grow dense, on 5-7 kg everyone.
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Recipes for fertilizing for plants
A fellow traveler in an electric train advised me to try strange, at first glance, top dressing - castor oil, honey and potato broth to increase the yield. And I tried.
Top dressing number 1. Diluted in 1 liter of water 1 tsp. castor oil, shook well and sprayed with this inflorescence of pepper, which grows in my winter on the windowsill. I watched him for 2 days and did not find any signs of discontent. On the contrary, my peppers suddenly bloomed violently. To celebrate, after 2 weeks I repeated top dressing - most of the flowers turned into fruitlets.
Top dressing N "2. 1 tbsp. l honey divorced in 1 liter of water. I poured tomatoes under the root with this solution and again began to observe. I can say that my tomatoes turned out to be sweet tooth - after honey feeding they got stronger, and the greens became brighter.
Top dressing N «3. After cooking the potatoes, the decoction was drained, cooled and watered with room flowers, enriching the soil with potassium. Plants are happy!
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What top dressing is needed for cucumbers after planting seedlings in a greenhouse? Can the same mixes be used for tomatoes? Half of the greenhouse is occupied by cucumbers, and the second by tomatoes. Between them is a film partition.
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For cucumbers, the minimum number of root (and in rainy and cloudy summers - non-root) top dressings should be at least 3-4 per season. The first time you need to feed immediately after planting seedlings in the ground. It is necessary to dissolve 1 tbsp. l urea and 1 g of superphosphate in yul water and pour cucumbers. The 60nd feeding should contain superphosphate (2 tbsp. L. Per 2 liters of water). The final feeding may be as follows: 10 g of urea per 50 liters of water. If you do not want to use mineral fertilizers, you can replace them with organic ones: a solution of slurry (10: 1), ash solution (8 glass per 1 l), microbiological fertilizers (10 tsp. For the same volume of water).
As for tomatoes, it is recommended to fertilize them no more than two times per season. 1st feeding - 2-3 weeks after planting (use fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). From the beginning of flowering, tomatoes also require phosphorus and potassium, and from mid-July, feeding is stopped and watering is reduced, while cucumbers need abundant watering.
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In autumn, I do not use mineral fertilizers for top dressing garden soil - only what is at hand: manure, sawdust, ash and green manure.
Semi-overripe manure I bring under digging. Siderata is sown immediately after harvesting potatoes - this is one of the best ways to revitalize the soil after the garden season. Green fertilizers nourish it with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and other useful substances.
Calcium and potassium are also rich in wood ash. I save it all summer so that in September-October I will fertilize the currant, raspberries and strawberries. I necessarily make ash on the beds planned for next year for cabbage. Even after burning weed grass, I sift the ashes and use it later as a fertilizer.
I bring sawdust to where the carrot will grow. I know from experience - sawdust makes the earth loose, and in dense soil it is impossible to grow an even beautiful carrot. True, fresh sawdust increases acidity, so rotted sawdust is suitable for annual application. If there are none, you can lower the acidity of the soil by adding slaked lime. Lime is also an excellent supplement for beds, where beets will be planted next year.