Japanese quince (photo) - planting and care
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Quince Japanese: save the cold in the season!
For more than 200 years, Japanese quince (henomeles) was grown in European gardens exclusively for beauty. It was believed that its hard fruits are inedible. And it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that they realized that they were not only edible, but also incredibly useful: henomeles, which is often called the northern lemon, is the champion among fruits and berries in the amount of vitamin C.
Japanese quince: a biological description
FAMILY: Pink
Genus: Chaenomeles
APPEARANCE: Low bush with drooping branches, sometimes with spines
LEAVES: Dark green, shiny, arranged alternately
FLOWERS: Large, brick-red or orange, single
FRUITS: Similar to apples, very fragrant, with a strong lemon scent
Japanese quince is photophilic, so it needs a well-lit area. Culture tolerates and partial shade, but in the shade develops poorly.
Although it is drought-resistant, but at a young age and after planting quince should be watered, but without stagnation of moisture.
See also: Chanomeles (Japanese quince) -what is this plant and how to grow it
Landing
The best time to plant in a permanent place is spring (before bud break) and autumn (until mid-October). It is preferable to plant biennial seedlings with a well-developed root system. As a fruit and ornamental plant, quince can be planted in curbs along the paths. The size of the planting pits is at least 40 × 40 cm. Up to 10 kg of humus or compost, 200 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potash fertilizers, 200 g of wood ash are introduced into each. Plants are planted according to the scheme 75 × 100 cm.
The quince tree can bear fruit for up to 70 years; yields high - up to 80-150 KG per plant
FACT: AIVA TO SOILS IS LOW, but BUT DOES NOT GROW THE GROUND SEATING OF GROUND WATER, AS DEVELOPES A POWERFUL ROOT SYSTEM.
Care for quince
In early spring (before the leaves appear), quince is fed with nitrogen fertilizers (30-40 g per 1 square meter). During the season, they shallowly dig up and loosen the trunk circle. In the heat, watered - 15-20 liters per plant. In the fall (September-October), 1-10 kg of organic matter, as well as 15-120 g of phosphorus and 150-60 g of potassium fertilizers, are applied per 80 square meter.
Pruning of Japanese quince
Quince bushes quickly thicken, forming a rooty growth. Therefore, in the early spring they are thinned, removing weak, thin and laying shoots on the ground, as well as shoots older than 5 years.
On a well-formed productive bush should be no more than 10-15 uneven-aged branches.
Reproduction
The easiest and most reliable way to reproduce Japanese chaenomeles is by seeds. In November, when ripe fruits are prepared for processing and the core is cleaned out, the seeds are removed and sown directly into the ground (before winter). In spring, germination is very high. In the phase of 2-3 leaves, seedlings dive, planting them at a distance of 7-10 cm in a row, leaving 35-40 cm between rows.Care - regular weeding, loosening row spacings, 2-3 fertilizing with an interval of 2 weeks with nitrogen fertilizers ( 15 g per 10 liters of water; 1 liters of solution are consumed per 10 square meter) and watering. At the age of two years, the seedlings are planted in a permanent place.
Can also be propagated by cuttings. Lignified cuttings 20-25 cm long are cut in autumn from well-ripened annual shoots. They are planted in autumn in rows according to the scheme 10 × 40 cm at an angle of 45 degrees, so that only one bud remains on the surface. For better rooting, the shoots are spud with a 1-2 cm layer of soil.
Japanese quince: benefit
Infusion of flowers of chanomeles (1 st.l. of dried flowers pour 500 ml of boiling water, insist 1 an hour) is drunk on coughing, bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis according to 0,5 st. Zraza in a day.
Vitamin and immunity-strengthening tea: mix the dried fruit of chanomeles with dried raspberries and dry slices of apples (3: 1: 1). Brew 1 st.l. mixture of 0,5 l of boiling water. Drink instead of tea.
Recipes from Japanese quince
candied fruit
Quince (600 g) cut into slices. Squash (400 g) peel and seed, cut into slices. In the boiling syrup (1,3 kg of sugar, Z. water) put the quince and zucchini and cook, like jam. Then take it out, drain the syrup, dry the fruits, sprinkle with sugar and store in a sealed package.
Marmalade
On 500 g mashed potatoes from chanomeles and apples wipe through a frequent sieve. Add sugar (800 g) and boil, stirring, on low heat until thick, at which the drop on the saucer immediately freezes. Put the mass on a flat surface and leave for three days. Then marmalade cut into squares, sprinkle with powdered sugar. Keep in the banks.
Lemonchik
Fruit of quince cut into thin slices, put in cans in layers, pouring each sugar (1: 1). Close the plastic lids and put in the refrigerator. Serve with tea instead of lemon,
TIP: In the harsh winters, the tips of young shoots can frost through the quince. In this case, cut them into healthy wood in the spring.
Reference by topic: Japanese henomales (northern lemon) - planting and care (photo)
With quince I'm friends 30 yo!
Japanese quince appeared in my garden in 1986. And until now, the first bush blooms profusely and bears fruit. For all the years, I have not noticed any diseases or pests on the plant. It tolerates frost well. Sometimes, in severe winters, the tops of young shoots freeze slightly. I cut them off - as a result, the bush branches, becomes thicker and more lush. In the spring, at the beginning of the growing season, I feed it moderately with organic matter and mineral fertilizers, and in the fall, after harvesting, with potash and phosphorus (in shallow holes around the bush). I water it during dry periods.
First fruits
The first harvest was received on 3-th year after planting seedlings. And two years later I collected a whole bucket. It is important to harvest before the autumn frost, otherwise the fruit will quickly deteriorate. Since that time I always make syrup, jam, candied fruits.
I noticed that the plants bear fruit abundantly only during cross-pollination. Therefore, I advise you to plant several bushes at once.
Propagation by seeds
When propagating by seeds, plants bring fruits, different in shape, size and even color. And in 2010, on one of the bushes, which, as an experiment, was planted with the Pear of the Cathedral sort, found fruits with a dark red blush.
Seeds of chanomeles are poured with boiled water (1: 50), shaken for 5 minutes, then filtered through gauze. It turns out infusion of mucous consistency, which I lubricate burned places 1 -2 times a day. The procedure is repeated 3-4 times consecutively with an interval of 10-15 minutes. Gennady KAZANIN, city of Kaltan
Chaenomeles: growing and care - video
© Author: Lyudmila SEMENOK, agronomist Photo: T.Sanchuk
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I love quince very much: we make compotes, cook jelly, dry - children love. And also my signature recipe: I add quince slices when baking and frying potatoes. Only here is the trouble, which I don’t know how to deal with: when the fruits ripen, everything is black inside.
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I have several Japanese quince bushes growing. True, the fruits are somehow small, hard, like a stone. It is difficult to cook something out of them. What does the plant lack?
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Most likely, a crop with roots in the topsoil is suffering from drought. It is because of the lack of moisture that the "apples" of the quince become, as it were, wooden and tasteless. Therefore, you cannot do without additional watering during the season. And if there is no rain, I recommend at least 5 generous waterings: the first - a few days before flowering, the second - during flowering, the third - after the excess ovaries have fallen off, then - during the growth of shoots and during the development of fruits.
Another point: even in a small shade, the quince branches stretch out, become thin, the flowering is weak, and the fruits lose their aroma. Choose only a sunny place for planting, without stagnant water and protected from the north wind. It would be nice where the most snow accumulates, since young growths of Japanese quince can freeze slightly. In this case, the frozen shoots must be cut off in the spring.
Irina Gurieva, teach, comp. FNTS them. Michurin
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When and in what soil can Japanese quince be planted in our conditions? How to choose a seedling?
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- It’s best to buy two-year-old seedlings - they are easier to take root and form faster. If quince (or genomeles) with open roots, it must be planted in early spring (in April), until the buds begin to bloom. Container plants are planted in the garden throughout the season.
Before planting, seedlings need to be soaked in a solution of any stimulator of root formation (“Heteroauxin”, “Kornevin”, according to the instructions) or use natural stimulants. Instances with an open root system are soaked for 12-24 hours.
At the plant, remove the broken branches and diseased roots, cutting them to a healthy tissue (the cut should be light). And only then land on a permanent place.
Quince can grow for many years in one place (up to 50 or more), so you need to prepare a landing pit. To the upper removed fertile layer (15-25 cm) add a bucket of peat, compost and sand. It is advisable to add 30-40 g of any complex granular fertilizer. All mix well and season the pit.
The root neck during planting is placed at soil level or slightly higher (do not deepen!).
Water the seedling, and mulch the soil.
Garden conditions
Quince prefers sunny areas, tolerates shading well, but in such a place it blooms worse and bears less fruit.
It grows on any soil, but its reaction should be slightly acidic (pH5-6). If the soil is alkaline (pH 7 or more), the shrub develops leaf chlorosis (they brighten, growth slows down, spots appear).
By the way, from quince it is possible to form a low hedge or a border. Planted in such cases after 20-25 cm and sheared at least 3-4 times per season.
Evgenia SIMakhodskaya, agronomist, Moscow
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Dries quince
In the middle of the summer, quinces from the middle of summer begin to dry leaves and even branches. What is the reason? Tell me how to protect the tree.
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- Quince is very susceptible to bacterial cancer, the signs of which are manifested in the blackening and drying of leaves and branches. The first step is to cut and burn such branches outside the site. Process the plant itself with a solution of a fungicide (for example, Scor).
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My grandmother in the village grows old quince. I want to plant this tree on my plot. How best to propagate the quince?
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Quince can be propagated both vegetatively and seeds. During seed reproduction, there is a possibility that the varietal characteristics of the parental form will not be preserved (due to over-pollination by another variety or species). The largest and most mature seeds are placed in a mixture with wet sand in a refrigerator for 2-3 months. Stratified seeds are sown at the end of March in loose fertile soil. By autumn, seedlings become 40-50 height cm, and in the spring they can already be transplanted to a permanent place.
Vegetative propagation methods are more common. The simplest of them is reproduction by root shoots. In the spring, before the start of greening, an offspring of an adult, unvaccinated root plant is dug out. When digging, you need to strive to maintain the maximum number of roots.
A 100% way to preserve varietal features is propagation by cuttings. You can use both green cuttings (in early summer), and lignified (planting in a greenhouse in March). About half of all planted cuttings are rooted, so you need to play it safe and plant them more than required. It will be possible to transplant quince seedlings after a year, and fruiting occurs in the 3-4th year.
You can multiply quinces and vaccinations. As a stock, young plants (including “wild”) hawthorn, mountain ash, or the quince itself are usually used.
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All the fruits I take off before freezing, otherwise they will spoil. The first years, not knowing this, harvested harvested in a refrigerator, and a month later, with tears, she threw everything away.
Now I'm doing it differently: every time I carefully clean the fruit, I carefully cut it into four parts, remove the bones and membranes and rub it on the grater. Then put the mass in a bowl, add sugar (1: 2), mix and leave overnight. In the morning, I mix everything up again, put it in jars and leave it in a cool place.
In this form, quince can be stored as long as 2-3 years. I add it to the tea or make a mors from it. Tasteful! And for health it is useful.
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Quince all for envy
The fruits of my quince grow large, 250-300 g. I pay much attention to the 8 care of quince to watering. I do the 1st at the end of May, the 2nd at the end of June, the 3rd at the beginning or middle of August, when the fruits are formed. Since quince is my adult, for 1 square. m projection crown consume 60-70 liters of water. Since the 2nd half of August I have not watered quince. Only in autumn, in early November, I carry out water-loading irrigation: about 100 liters of water per 1 sq. Km. m
That the quince does not suffer from the eastern moth, which damages the fruit and inhibits the development of the tree, I sprinkle it before and at the end of flowering.
As with a photophilous plant, in quince all branches should be well lit. Therefore, I systematically thin out the crown, shorten the branches, which gave an annual growth of more than 50-60 cm. Initially, I formed the quince so that there were no more than 4 skeletal branches, and on each of them no more than 2 branches of the 2nd order at a distance of 40- 60 cm from the trunk and from each other.
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Our dacha has been adorned for a few years by bushes of Japanese quince. Every May it gives us a beautiful spectacle: the elegant branches of the plant are densely covered with large brick-red flowers.
I planted quince bushes in the spring in a sunny place - in the shade they grow poorly. Planting pits dug small - 50 × 50 cm, at a distance of about 1 m. Filled them with a mixture of mature compost, humus and sand, taken in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. 5 kg of manure, 40 g of potassium nitrate and 250 g of superphosphate were added to the mixture. All this per one bush. Planted plants without deepening the root necks.
Every year I feed plantings. In the first half of spring, I pour nitrogen fertilizers around the bushes (according to the instructions on the package). After flowering, as well as in late summer and early autumn, I use phosphate and potash fertilizers. The last I bring in liquid form: 150 g of each fertilizer in a 10-liter bucket of water. In the heat I water 1 time in 7-10 days, the rest of the time - 1 time per month.
Since the culture is cross-pollinated, I planted a few bushes. I hoped that I would harvest, but there was no fruit yet. However, quince Japanese is so good in the spring that it deserves to be grown as a decorative culture.
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It has been heard more than once that growing quince is a rather troublesome business, especially in the northern regions. In fact, this is nothing complicated. It should only be remembered that there are a huge number of different varieties of this culture, and each has its own characteristics (this is to ensure that there are no disappointments later). I’ve been friends with dwarf quinces for a long time, from which I brought bones from Sakhalin.
When it begins to bloom, I forget about everything - there is nothing more beautiful at this time!
The fruits of her small size, sweet and sour taste and unusually fragrant. I and my relatives often use them with tea instead of lemon. Very tasty, I'll report to you, it turns out. Well, now about how to grow quinces from bones.
I planted them in the autumn directly on a specially made bed (for which I chose a well-lit place, remembering that this light-loving culture) from the purchase of land mixed with sand and peat: it was simply drowned and sprinkled from above. And that's all. In the spring, the first shoots appeared. For a year, the bushes grew centimeters on 7-8. Care was without frills: regular watering and loosening of the soil.
D The latter must be done very carefully, so as not to damage the young roots of plants!
In the second year I spent the first fertilizing with the infusion of rotted manure mixed with grass. And already in the third year, quince gave me the first fruits. To taste they did not differ from seed - the same fragrant. To store the fruits, I cut them into circles and put them in jars, sprinkling them with sugar. By the way, dwarf quince can even be planted in a regular pot on the window: apples will not differ in taste from garden apples.
Closer to the autumn apples will acquire a pleasant yellow color, and they can be taken away for storage. As you can see, everything is extremely simple and very, very beautiful!
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We drank somehow at dacha chaysa, and she told me so much about the medicinal properties of Japanese quince, that at the first opportunity I acquired and planted this plant on my plot.
Quince grows slowly, but it blooms profusely and very beautifully. But the most important thing for me is not even beauty. and the little yellow, sour fruits quince gives. They smell very nice and contain a lot of vitamin C.
The fruits of Japanese quince are kept very long even at room temperature. Therefore, almost the whole winter, my husband and I add to the tea curative quince pieces. Since I began to do this, I do not remember that someone
of us had the flu or caught cold. In addition, we keep fresh quince in the vases in the hall and in the kitchen. It not only spreads a pleasant aroma, but also thanks to a large number of essential oils in the peel, it disinfects the air. Very useful pieces of quince, interspersed with sugar. They are stored even longer than fresh fruits, but already in the refrigerator.
Part of the crop of quince, I finely chopped and dried, then added to compotes and kissels. With quince the drinks get a pleasant sourness. At the same time they become very useful, especially in winter, when there is not enough vitamins.