Cultivation of chalmoid and tiger lilies - we understand the species and varieties

Today, let's talk about plants that do not pretend to be superior in size, but with their unusual and elegant appearance will surely draw your attention and give ease to floral arrangements.

To begin with, recall what kind and variety are. A species is a group of plants that are similar to each other externally and internally, as well as to vital processes that can freely interbreed with each other to form prolific offspring. As a result of evolution, each species has adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions and occupies its own habitat in nature.

A variety is a group of plants artificially created by humans as a result of crossing, or selected among different wild species that differ in one or two characters. For example, having crossed a lovely lily and Henry's lily, we obtained a variety Black Beauty. At the same time, the white-flowered plants of the beautiful lily are also a separate variety.

Varieties that are close in origin (from crossing identical or similar species) are combined into separate sections of the garden classification. All cultivated hybrid varieties of lilies, depending on their origin, are distributed in eight main sections, species, their varieties and forms are identified in the ninth.

Lilies of one section have common biological features. Traditionally, lilies in the catalogs of flower-growing firms are placed according to the sections of garden classification, and this is justified, since lilies of different origin not only differ externally, but also require specialized care.

However, sometimes lilies in the catalogs are grouped using individual features of appearance, for example, by color, height, terry or flower shape. Such artificial division helps the grower to pick up a specific assortment, for example, low-grown varieties for pot culture.

Typically, these groups contain species and varieties that are similar only externally, but completely different in their biology and care requirements. One of these groups will be our story.

Among other forms of the flower, the lilies have a chalmoid, in which the flower itself "looks" to the side or down, and its petals are bent back, really reminding the Turkish turban. Often such flowers have a characteristic mottle, because of which they are called tiger. Therefore, sometimes in the catalogs or in the retail trade, groups Lilies Tiger (Tiger Lilies) and Lilies Chalmoid (Turk Lilies). Depending on the firm, the same species and varieties can be found in either of the two groups. Most often, the "tiger turchian" is actually the lily of the tiger, which has a more correct scientific name-lance-leaf lily, and all of its garden forms.

Also, a slightly similar lily of Leuchtlin, which is not similar to the lily of the dwarf, can be recorded here. Henry, pre-red, leopard, forest and some of their hybrids. As a rule, these are plants of high growth, with chalmoid drooping flowers of orange, yellow, red, pink and white, often covered with crab.

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LILY LANCETOLISTIC

Lily lanceolate, or tiger (Lilium lancifolium) has long been grown in China and Japan as a vegetable plant. Its white, 6-8 cm in diameter, is a very dense bulb with wide scales quite edible. Flowers are brick-red, with a large crab, directed downward, chalmoid, with a diameter of 10-12 cm, do not smell. The inflorescence is loose, from 5-7 (up to 15) flowers on a strong dark stalk.

Flowering: mid - end of July. Plant height - 100 cm and above. In the axils of the leaves, numerous black bulbs develop almost throughout the stem. In addition to the usual lily, its varieties are also found: Terry Flore Pleno (var. Flore Pleno) and shiny Splendens (var. Splendens), a larger one, up to 2 m.

It grows on any soils, it is winter-hardy. Tiger lily is not normal, as in other species, a double, but an increased, triple set of chromosomes, so it is very stable. For example, it does not suffer from viruses, but it can infect other lilies, American gardeners even call it "typhoid Mary." To protect neighboring plants, they are treated with drugs against aphids. It reproduces by the division of the "nests" of the mother bulbs, the large bulb onions of the stem and the underground part of the plant, it forms well the children when it flakes.

LILY LEYHTLIN

Lilia Leuchtlin (Lilium leichtlinii) in the XIX century fell into European gardens accidentally, along with bulbs of another Japanese species. It is characterized by bright yellow spotted flowers. High (up to one meter) stems, with slightly pubescent leaves and buds, have the property of "wandering" in their underground part.

As a result of such a feature, the lily is selected to the surface not in the landing site, but slightly to the side, and forms in this underground part a lot of onion cubs. Loves moist, nutrient-rich soil and penumbra. Strongly affected by viruses, so you should carefully remove diseased plants and handle planting from sucking pests (aphids). It reproduces by dividing the nests of mother bulbs, numerous underground children, onion scales and seeds.

LILY KARLIKOVA

Lily dwarf, or finelygreen (Lilium pumilum, Iilium tenuifolium) - really small and with thin leaves. It is found in the Far East, in Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, and northern China. The bulb is white, up to 4 cm in diameter and b cm tall, with small, wide, tight-fitting scales. Height - 60-80 cm. The inflorescence is loose, graceful, of 7-20 flowers.

Bright red turban-shaped flowers - up to 4 cm in diameter, have a delicate delicate smell. It blooms in early June. Bulbs of high winter hardiness, but short-lived, decay with the formation of several small children in the 3-4th year of growing. Easily propagated by seeds, blooming already in the 2-3rd year. It grows on any drained soil, is very winter-hardy and drought-resistant, does not get sick.

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Hybrids bred by crossing these three lilies with each other and with other close species are very beautiful. They belong to the largest section of the garden classification - Asian hybrids, numbering more than five thousand varieties. “Tigresses” and “Turkish women” among Asians are the most diverse in height of plants, colors

and the shape of flowers. Very close varieties that have common parents are sometimes combined in the series: the high, large-blossomed flowers of the Tiger series, the delicate and pure colors with almost no clue in the series Pearl. There are older white varieties White Tiger (White Tiger) and new varieties, white with large cherry spots Lanka and the original tango variety (with small specks in the form of spraying) - Purple Life (Purple Life).

Asian hybrids are rather unpretentious, they differ in winter hardiness and intensive vegetative reproduction, bulbs, children, scales. Most varieties of Russian selection are able to form stem cauliflowers, with the help of which they multiply easily.

On the underground part of the stem all varieties are bulb-babies. This promotes the wide distribution of Asian hybrids in orchards. Relatively disease-resistant, although varieties with pink and white flowers are less stable. They grow well in open sunny areas or in partial shade. Prefer neutral or weakly acidic soil, withstand slightly alkaline. Suitable for distillation. A relative lack of this sortogroup can be considered lack of odor, although there are a number of fragrant varieties.

LILY HENRY

Lily Henry (Lilium henryi) - Chinese origin, has a dense large bulb of dark color with powerful roots that draw it into the soil, shifting away from the planting site. The plant height is from one to two meters; the stalks arcuate in shape under the weight of a sprawling inflorescence of 6-14 graceful flowers. They are orange, very bright, directed down, on long pedicels, turban-like, with long stamens and pestle, 6-8 cm in diameter. Flowering later, mid-late July.

Loves nutritious, friable soil, withstand sour. Prefers sunny areas with shading in the heat. It is well wintered, resistant to diseases and pests. It reproduces by dividing the nest of mother plants, by flaking, forming a large number of root onions. Fruiting, seedlings develop slowly, blooming on 4-5-th year.

One of the varieties created on its basis, Lady Alice (Lady Alice), has flowers about 12-14 in diameter, white, with a large orange star in the center, odorless. This is a typical Orleans hybrid, part of the Tubular and Orleans section the next year will show itself in all its glory. For the cultivation of tubular and Orleans hybrids, solar and wind-protected areas are chosen. They do not require shading even in the hottest time.

A prerequisite is good drainage and permeable, loose and nutritious soil with a neutral, and preferably with an alkaline reaction. Peat is not recommended, it can affect the development of plants. With increased acidity, liming, chalking or wood ash is necessary. Winter hardiness is quite high, although in severe snowless winters without shelter, plants freeze, especially planting the first year.

LILY BEAUTIFUL

Lily beautiful (Lilium speciosum) has long been grown at home in Japan. Its refined, fragrant chalmoid flowers with strongly bent perianth segments fully justify the name of the plant. Size 12-15 cm, pure white, pink, crimson, often speckled, with long stamens and yellow, red or brown anthers. High stems with wide shiny leaves reach 80-150 cm and may slightly bend.

The bulbs are yellowish pink, 6-8 in diameter. It requires a fairly deep planting, from 20 to 25 cm, in a very loose, moderately moist soil. The most suitable for plants is peaty soil, with the addition of sand and deciduous soil (as for rhododendrons), on heavy clay soil the plants become ill and quickly die.

When growing a beautiful lily in the open ground, it must be remembered that the bulb should winter in dry soil. Therefore, in the fall, before the rains begin, the soil is covered with waterproof material, for example a film, which is removed after the first frost, and the planting is covered. During growth, he is afraid of dry air and scorching heat. It is also desirable to pritenyat soil.

These conditions correspond to group plantings of lilies against the background of shrubs and tall grasses, planting soil cover plants and mulching the soil. Sensitive to aphids. viruses, onion pollens (especially on too wet, poorly drained, "clogged" soils), botrytis.

On sale sometimes there is its snow-white form Album (Album) and the red Rubrum (Rubrum). From the latter selected a beautiful, resistant to viruses, a clone Brued (Uchida) with pink spotted flowers. By crossing beautiful lilies with other Japanese species, highly decorative Oriental hybrids have been obtained, some of which may turn out to be among the "tiger turkans". These are such spotty varieties as Tiger Editing (Tiger Edition), Horal Quinn (Coral Queen), Tigerwoods (Tiger-woods), Salmon Star (Salmon Star), Dizzy (Dizzy).

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LILY ROYAL

At the whim of the compilers of catalogs in the group of tiger lilies, they can be absolutely different from them, as, for example, lily royal (Lilium regale). The youngest of the garden lilies, discovered only a hundred years ago in hard-to-reach areas of China among the rocks on steep mountain slopes, deserves its name. Its flowers are white, have yellow yew and brownish-purple outside, smell strongly.

In the inflorescence of 3-9 flowers, directed to the sides and down, with a diameter of 9-12 cm, with a tube length of up to 15 cm. The stem is strong, straight, height - 90-120 cm. The bulb is large, dark purple. Flowering in late June - July. The plant is very resistant to diseases and pests, as well as adverse weather factors. It grows on any soil and in any conditions. Has a white-flowered form Album (Album), more refined, but more often amazed by pests.

Propagated by dividing the mother bulbs, root bulbs, flakes. Regularly bears fruit, forming a lot of seeds, seedlings bloom in 3-4 years; seeds obtained in this way are healthier and stronger, form more flowers.

From the royal lily there are many varieties with more or less tubular flowers belonging to the group of tubular and Orleans hybrids. However, they too can get to the list of "tiger" or "chalmoid": orange African Quinn (African Queen), yellow Royal Gold (Royal Gold), Yellow Planet (Yellow Planet) and Golden Splendor (Golden Splendor), beautiful pink Pink Perfection (Pink Perfection) and Pink Planet (Pink Planet).

Created over the past decades, completely new varieties of OT, or Orienpit hybrids, come from the crossing of lilies of the Oriental and Tubular hybrids. These are large majestic plants, with a height of up to 1,5 m and more, inflorescences - from 6-12 and up to 30 flowers with a diameter of 12-18 cm. More often than not, American varieties appear on the lists of "tiger" or "chalmoid" lilies Black Beauty (Black Beauty), Scarlet Delight (Scarlet Delight) and Scheherazade (Sheherezade), having drooping cherry flowers.

LILY SMOOTH

Occasionally a typical “Turkish woman” is found on sale - curly lily, locustLilium martagon). The species is distributed in the temperate zone almost throughout Eurasia, including in the forests of Ukraine. Prefers partial shade, especially in hot summers. The bulb is bright yellow, friable, with narrow, pointed scales. The leaves on the stem are collected in two or three whorls. Flowers with very thick petals, from light pink to lilac, often with dots, are directed downward, are chalmoid, 3-4 cm in diameter. Inflorescence of 9-15 flowers, friable, cystiform. It blooms early, from late May to early June. Plant height - 80-120 cm. Has even more decorative white-flowered form Album with bright yellow stamens. The species and its varieties, called "Martagón" or "Kudrevatymi hybrids", can be allocated to a separate section of the catalog or placed among other chalmoid lilies.

Kudrevatye hybrids are ideal for shady places in the garden. Planted with a group of 5-8 bulbs, they perfectly look among the trees in the garden and create a romantic mood, such as a variety Mrs. Backhouse (Mrs. R.O. Backhouse). Suitable for them is loamy moist soil, diluted with leaf humus. They are not affected by viruses and do not require shelter for the winter. They take root slowly - after transplanting, you can wait for flowering only after 1-2 years, but then for many years they will please you with their flowers. Bulbs grow slowly, practically do not form root bulbs. Fruits regularly, but seedlings develop slowly, blooming in the 5-7th year.

LILY LEOPARD

Extremely rare in the catalogs of lily leopardLilium pardalinum) native to the West Coast of North America. It has white rhizome-shaped bulbs, which when dividing the "nest" must be cut with a knife into parts according to the number of shoots. Stems of height 80-120 cm, in good conditions grow to 2 m. Some of the leaves are collected in 2-3 whorls.

Flowers chalmoid, with strongly bent pointed petals, two-color, inside yellow, to the ends of crimson-red, with large spots, 10-12 cm in diameter. Blooms in June. Like the lily of the beautiful, loves loose, moist and acidified soils, shading in the heat, but growing in open areas (with mandatory mulching of the soil, because the bulb sits smaller than other lilies, at a depth of 8-10 cm, and can dry out ).

With a successful selection of the place of cultivation unpretentious, resistant to pests and diseases, winter hardiness, in one place without transplantation can be grown 5-6 years and longer. Fructifies, multiplies also by dividing bulbs and scales.

© Author: Larisa Kikot, Cand. researcher

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