Moniliose of apple tree (photo) - treatment
Fighting the moniliosis (fruit rot) of apple trees
Many complain that apples without visible damage rot directly on the tree before they are ripped off. What is the problem and how to treat this disease? This apple fruit rot has a scientific name: moniliosis or fruit rot and is widespread everywhere.
Most often, pome fruits suffer from it, but sometimes stone fruits, such as peaches and plums, are also affected.
The infection of fungi with spores of the pathogen fungus usually occurs when insects are damaged (mainly by the barracks and moth, and by such omnivorous and ubiquitous pests as wasps).
Also, the disease spreads when healthy fruits come in contact with the infected, especially if it is accompanied by wet and windy weather. Traumatized by birds, hail, scratched by trunk and branches, apples are affected by infection through injuries.
The period from infection with spores to the appearance of the first signs of fruit rot is only 3-5 days, and from the moment of infection to maturation of spores, suitable for further infection of the fruit, 8-10 days pass.
See also: Folk Remedies for Moniliasis and Curly
Moniliosis - how to treat?
First you need to try to save the ripening harvest. If before the collection of winter varieties of apple and pear is about four weeks, the excellent result is the treatment of all trees with fruits 0,1% solution of systemic fungicide Topsin-M.
If the crop is to be harvested in 2-3 weeks, the systemic fungicides are already undesirable, and all that can be done to save it in such a short period is, as accurately as possible, remove the fruits contaminated with moniliasis and treat the left without visible signs of disease absolutely safe for humans biopreparation Pentafag-S. They can cultivate trees with fruits a day before harvesting.
Pentafag-C contains 5 different, specially selected strains of viruses that infect colonies of bacteria and fungi that are harmful to plants. After hitting the surface of fruits affected by moniliasis, the active substances Pentafaga-C are introduced into the tissues of the pathogen fungus and destroy it, while suppressing the vitality of the ripe spores.
After the destruction of cells of the parasitic fungus, many new particles of useful virus are isolated, which are ready for further colonization of the remaining affected cells. Pentafag-C destroys all parts of the harmful fungus completely. Therefore, it will be sufficient to treat the trees with maturing fruits Pentafag-C in dry windless weather and further defeat of the fruits by aggressive mushroom spores will be stopped. For better adhesion, it is recommended to mix Pentafag-C with Liposam. It will envelop the skin of healthy fruit with the finest protective coating, which will prevent penetration of pathogens and rot in fruits intended for storage and winter consumption.
It's not enough to save the ripe harvest, you need to take measures to destroy the moniliose on the fruit trees completely. After all, if monilioz was seen at least on 1-2 trees in the garden, then next year it can spread to all. And this means that in order to prevent the treatment will have to entire garden.
The simplest and most common anti-monyliosis agent used by most gardeners is the treatment of trees with Bordeaux liquid or copper chloroxide immediately after harvesting, however, the main condition for such therapeutic spraying is that leaves and branches must be processed both from above and from below. In order to prevent, it is enough to process the trees twice a year. In the spring - before flowering and in the fall after harvest.
To prepare 10 l working solution in 10 l of water, dilute 300 g of Bordeaux mixture or 40 g of copper chloride. The average expenditure for an adult fruit tree will be 3-5l, for young trees 2-3 l is sufficient. Along the way, you can shed a rootstock of each tree with a solution of copper sulfate.
First of all, the moniliasis affects fruits, on which there is a scab. After harvesting, you can cultivate trees against scab 5% solution of urea (500 g per 10 L of water), spending on one adult tree 2-4 l solution.
Also against monolioz and scab of fruit you can process trees with special Copper-containing preparations, such as Horus, Topaz, Skor etc. If the trees in the garden are heavily affected by diseases, then up to six treatments per season are allowed. For better effect, the drugs should be alternated, using each no more than two times. To protect against pest carriers of diseases, including moth-eaters, it is necessary to treat trees with insecticides early in the spring, for example, Decisome Profi, Aktara.
In addition to the treatment of trees from diseases and pests, it is necessary to annually sanitize the garden and, if necessary, to thin out the crowns of trees if necessary.
For fans of environmentally friendly products there is the possibility scare off the carriers of moniliasis with the help of tincture of garlic, coniferous trees.
Torn off the tree and harvested apples from the ground must be digested to a depth of 50 cm. This is done in order to prevent the fuselers from reaching the surface. Otherwise, they will return to the apple tree and again damage the crop.
Strongly thickened and aging trees, without rejuvenating pruning and the necessary formation, are subject to a variety of diseases more than well-groomed. In no case should you leave uncooked dried fruits to winter on branches.
Very often in such mummified fetuses immeasurably winter moniliosis: during the development of the disease there was hot, dry weather and there was no ejection of the spore.
The fungus has fallen into a hibernation, and in the spring such dried fruits serve as sources of further spread of the disease. And the dried and rotting fruits must be either burned or carried away from their garden and buried in the ground. Leaves from sick trees in the compost heaps can not be laid. It is best to burn them or bury them deeply.
See also: Treatment and spraying of the garden: from March to October
Moniliosis of Fruit Trees - Video
© Author: Denis Terentiev.
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A couple of years ago, my apple and pear trees were hit hard by moniliosis - the crop turned out to be rotten. Now, to prevent this fungal disease in the early spring, I spray trees with Bordeaux liquid (300 g on 10 l of water) or Horus fungicide (according to the instructions). I process 3-4 the day before flowering with a solution of colloidal sulfur (100 g for 10 l of water), and in the fall after harvesting with a solution of blue vitriol (100 g for 10 l of water).
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If you admit the massive spread of apple mullet, a good harvest of apples do not wait. This bastard is so tenacious and cunning! Caterpillars, crawling out of the fruit in autumn, perfectly winter in the cracks of the bark, litter, in the shelter materials are taken.
In the spring, when the buds of the apple trees begin to stain, the caterpillars pupate. When the flowering is coming to an end, butterflies fly out and lay eggs, so that a new generation is brought out exactly to fruit setting. Only insecticide treatments will save the codling moth, and once will not be enough, believe me. It is necessary to process several times - and preferably with drugs of a different principle of action (or even mixtures of drugs). And when it is most effective to carry out the first, I determine simply: I hang in a crown or next to a jar of sweet apple juice or kvass. If butterflies got there at night, then it is time to urgently spray your garden.
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How I cured apple trees
For several consecutive years, the harvest of apples was poorly preserved - the fruits rot. It turned out, it's all about fungal disease - fruit rot. And the timely processing helped to cope with it. Here is the diagram:
- in the spring, until the buds are completely bloomed, I spray the crowns with a 2% solution of Bordeaux liquid (200 g per 10 liters of water);
- I repeat in 1-2 weeks after flowering, only the concentration is reduced to 1% solution;
- after the second treatment, with an interval of 10-12 days, I spray three more times, but now with a solution of calcium nitrate (70 g per 10 liters of water);
- the final touch - after harvesting, treatment with a solution of copper sulfate (100 g per 10 l of water).
Now my trees are healthy, and most importantly - apples are perfectly preserved!
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At us once all tops at adult apple-trees have withered.
It turned out that on the site groundwater passes quite close, and when the roots of the trees grew deeper into the water level, they began to rot there. Well, this has already affected the crown in this way - dryness.
Although it was possible to understand earlier that something was wrong, because the leaves on the trees were smaller, and the ovaries began to fall, and all these are signs of the dryness arising from the close occurrence of groundwater.