Organic farming on the site and increasing fertility - great tips
Contents ✓
Slavonic variant of increasing the fertility of the suburban area
To be honest, there is nothing new in this useful and actual letter: the ideas of organic farming are described in dozens of books, and some of their theses are clearly read in the author's text. Yes, and he went to his success for quite some time, by trial and error. To shorten this path and not burden yourself with reading sophisticated books, read this letter a couple of times and think: is not it time to increase the crop at the expense of nature itself?
Science in spite of
I myself am not quite a summer resident. All his 65 years he lived in the village, for more than 20 years he worked as chief engineer in one of the largest horticultural farms in the Luhansk region. And at the age of 50, he radically changed his views on everything he did in previous years. Another five years were spent searching and creating their technologies in horticulture, viticulture, gardening ... The critical situation in agriculture, the crises of the nineties and two thousandths, and the lack of salaries and pensions, when a huge power crumbled like a sand fortress, helped in this.
But it was necessary to survive, to put children on their feet, and it is shameful to live on the world's richest lands and have an empty table. And the developed technologies, called by me "Slavic variant", allowed to raise the yield and quality of products in 2-4 times, provided stability and partial independence from weather conditions.
In 2005, he planted a vineyard, berries, planted vegetables using the new technology, and in 2007 got the first encouraging results.
For the first time I described this technology in 2008 in the newspaper “Earth is my nurse” (in relation to grapes), and I was immediately invited to a meeting of the vineyard club “Vine of Donbass”. The material was mixed. Beginners grabbed him with both hands, but the professionals met with hostility. However, time put everything in its place: today, "newcomers" who have applied new technologies in their dachas and household plots create serious competition for professionals with surplus products in the markets.
See also: Crop rotation in organic farming
These technologies are successful because they are based on the laws of nature and the achievements of people's experience, on the finds of professional gardeners and truck farmers, and not on the established canons of modern science.
Technology dachnogo success
2000 ... Collapse of collective farms and state farms completed. More or less strong farms, fields and gardens were bought up and destroyed by weeds, cattle disappeared from pastures. But in this sheer decline and desolation, I spied things that did not fit into common sense. For example, in pastures, where grass had previously burned out already at the end of May, meter-tall grass stands rose, and abandoned fields after processing began to give double crops without fertilizing.
In the abandoned gardens, pests and diseases have disappeared, although the gardens themselves have become covered with weeds, acacia, and black-skin, and have become an impenetrable forest. And after reviving, the gardens seemed to recall their youth and bursting with fruit, and in them there were neither pests nor diseases. At the same time, the first articles on organic farming began to appear in the press. It was necessary to dig up the mountains of literature in order to find the works of I. Ovsinsky, E. Faulkner, M. Fukuoka. They gave some explanation for the rapidly reviving fertility. Had to spend hundreds of experiments that gave both positive and negative results, and by 2005 year I already had an idea about the ways of creating fertility. I started laying a vineyard, a dwarf garden, berry and vegetable garden on the technology I invented.
Let's see how an increase in fertility in nature occurs. During the spring-autumn period, plants grow due to photosynthesis and nutrition a large vegetative mass, trees - leaf apparatus and new branches, grasses - stalk. In autumn, trees drop leaves and dead branches, grasses lie in the steppe. All this is plant opal food for the inhabitants of the soil - worms, microorganisms, fungi.
Billions of soil inhabitants rush to the places of accumulation of litter: nature creates ideal conditions for a feast of underground inhabitants, watering the entire litter with autumn rains. But having gathered all the soil inhabitants to the places of accumulation of plant debris, wise nature gradually reduces temperatures to negative, plunging all this kingdom of soil living creatures into a state of suspended animation. And at this time she herself does another important work - she accumulates reserves of living water, i.e. snow, the molecular lattice of which is similar to the liquid media of any living organism.
And now, when all the preparatory work is over, spring comes, and the earth, like a hut on chicken legs, turns to the sun toward the front. Streams of solar energy re-melted the reserves of snow in living water, raise the temperature of soil and air, awaken underground inhabitants and plants.
And the feast of the inhabitants of the soil begins: there is an accelerated decomposition of organics, the preparation of nutrient broths for plants, the dissolution of the minerals contained in the soil. In other words, an explosion of dynamic fertility occurs in nature. Under these ideal conditions, seeds of plants and trees sprout, meadows, steppes, forests come to life, and a new circle of building up biomass - carbohydrates - begins.
See also: A vegetable garden on Mitlajderu - creation of fertile soil
Gas is the head of everything
Following the wise nature, we must increase fertility on our plots, make the land fertile, thereby creating conditions for high yields of everything growing on it.
But to increase fertility, conditions created by nature are necessary. Well, let's try to create them ourselves in the country, and if possible, and strengthen.
The energy of the sun turns into plant chloroplasts into carbohydrates (plant biomass). What is carbohydrates? This is solar energy + water + carbon dioxide. With solar energy as the basis for the production of carbohydrates everything seems to be clear, with plants and water, too. But with carbon dioxide from a simple summer resident there are problems. In the air, it is 20-50 less than the plants need for normal development. After all, what is the plant world? This is organic, at 95% consisting of carbon dioxide (CO2), organic solutions and water.
Mineral substances in the composition of any plant is only 3-6% of its mass. At the same time, in any soil, there are hundreds of times more minerals than plants need (this is a note to lovers to pour mineral water into their beds). So where to get carbon dioxide? Everything is very simple: 9/10 of all plant litter for the first season (spring-summer-autumn) decomposes with the help of microorganisms, worms and fungi into CO2H2O and nutritious cocktails for plants.
This has long been noticed by smart summer residents, who put in their greenhouses barrels with fermenting manure. Here is the decomposition of organic water and carbon dioxide. Yield in a greenhouse at the expense of such barrels can be raised at least twice (on this subject, more than one thesis is protected). And now let's look at the process of organic decomposition.
Three Elements of Fertility
In nature there are three main groups (I call them "eternal engines"), supporting life on earth.
These are microorganisms.
They are the first to begin the decomposition of dead organics, and it does not lie in nature under favorable conditions (heat + moisture) for more than 4 hours. During this time, microorganisms appear and begin to multiply on it. For them, dead organics is the energy of life. Eating it, microorganisms release organic solvents into the soil: organic matter breaks down into water, carbon dioxide and nutrient broths. From the same “table” plants also feed. Carbonic acid, formed in the process of decomposition in addition to the main dish, dissolves bound minerals in the soil - carbonates and phosphates. In general, this provides an explosion of dynamic fertility and proper nutrition of plants.
Worms and other animals (centipedes, mollusks, etc.). The share of worms in different soils reaches 70-80% of all livestock. In the open spaces of the CIS worms are about 200 species, and all of them are divided into three main groups.
- Under the mulch are red worms - composters. They go deep into the soil only under adverse conditions: during cooling, lack of moisture or in drought.
- The main builders of the soil structure is the second group of worms - arable land. They live in the top half a meter of soil and dig mostly vertical passages. These two types of worms pass soil with organic matter and microorganisms through themselves and saturate a half-meter layer of soil with coprolites ("copro" - stool, "cast" - stone). Copperite of worms is a concentrate that cannot be reproduced by any technology. The main elements of plant nutrition are 7-11 times more than in the surrounding soil, and almost all of this cocktail is in chelated form.
Coprolits - nurseries of root microbes, nitrogen fixers and phospho-romobilizers. Coprolite is a strong lump surrounded and saturated with mucus with microbes, enzymes, growth stimulants, protective and biologically active substances. And yet - when passing through the intestines of worms in organics, disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms occurs. One worm produces about 1 g of copro-litha per day. For 1 square. m on average, under favorable conditions, there are 50 worms. For the season (7 months) in this area, they must accumulate 10 kg of coprolites.
But this is a theory, but in practice it turns out from 100 g to 2 kg. Stress affects: heat, cold, drought, enemies (the worm is a high-calorie protein product of many birds and mammals).
Noriki do not create coprolites, but live at a depth of 2 m and carry organic matter, structuring the soil. The moves made by these worms are ideal root growth channels with all the servicing services. In addition to everything here, atmospheric moisture also condenses, which in its volume exceeds the amount of precipitation falling during the season. Moreover, the maximum deposition of dew occurs at higher air temperatures.
Perhaps this is the most powerful force. Mushrooms work both at higher and lower temperatures, unlike the first two groups of organisms. Mushrooms process coarser organics (wood), create multi-ton mushrooms, produce water and nutrition for plants in more severe conditions. And most importantly: almost all soil fungi create a common root system - mycorrhiza with plants.
Creating a common system of nutrition and life support, trees give the fungi the sugar obtained through photosynthesis, and the fungi provide plants with moisture, carbon dioxide, nutrient broths, growth stimulants and protective agents. Saprophytic trichoderma fungi and hay bacillus are used for the production of antibiotics and other protective agents. All this together with nutrition is given to plants. At the same time, these "drugs" establish a stable equilibrium in soil ecosystems, where the pathogenic environment and pests occupy their own niche and never exceed 10% of the total soil population.
A limited pathogenic environment serves as a vaccine for healthy plants, so there are no outbreaks of diseases and pests in natural ecosystems. All the inhabitants of the underground microcosm preserve their bread -winners to receive food and energy for their lives.
See also: How to improve the fertility of the potato-planted area
Improving the fertility of the suburban area - 7 important factors
- To launch an "explosion" of fertility, 7 of the following factors is necessary.
- The energy of the sun, the cosmos and the geomagnetic fields of the Earth.
- Plants are carbohydrate producers with their main reactors, chlorella, where solar energy is converted to carbohydrates through photosynthesis, the basis of all life on Earth.
- The presence of food (fuel, i.e., dead organics, litter) for the three stages of the “perpetual motion” of life on Earth - saprophytes.
- The presence of saprophytes (organic processors, creators of dynamic fertility) - microorganisms, worms, fungi.
- The presence of moisture, living water as one of the mechanisms for starting the work of saprophytes, as well as one of the components that regulate photosynthesis in plants.
- The presence of CO2 as one of the constituents of carbohydrates, as well as a regulator of photosynthesis in plants.
- Heat of soil and air: ideally for crops of middle latitudes - 22-28 °, for southern (grapes, peach, peppers, melons, cucumbers) -25-32 °, and soil heat is more important than heat of air!
Here, perhaps, the whole theory of the "Slavic variant". And so that it does not seem too boring, I offer a small photo report from my site.
© Author: Vladimir Gavrilovich KONONOV. from. Popovka of the Lugansk region.
Note: What is MYCORIZA
Soil is a huge balanced world in which each species of microorganisms has its place and significance. Their well-coordinated interaction helps to preserve all necessary soil processes. Thus, undeveloped lands and virgin lands are almost always provided with natural moisture, healthy and strong plants grow and bear fruit on them. What is the reason for this natural harmony?
Such harmony is ensured by the balance of species and the development of biological groupings that bring mutual benefit to all the inhabitants of the soil. One of such favorable cooperation is mycorrhiza, or "mushroom root" ("tuso" - mushroom and "rhiza" - root). Mycorrhizas are provided by fungi, which enter into mutually beneficial relationships with different plants. This is one of the most interesting phenomena of nature, which for a long time was a mystery to scientists. Mycorrhizas act like a pump, supplying plants with the necessary nutrient minerals and water.
It also provides plants with phosphorus, which stimulates photosynthesis and, as a consequence, the processes of synthesis of vitamins, proteins, fats, starch. In addition, mycorrhiza strengthens the immune system and increases the hormonal status of plants. Being formed on their roots, mycorrhiza contributes to better adaptation of plants to the environment, provides protection from adverse environmental conditions, including drought, negative temperatures, salinization and contamination of soil and air. The symbiosis of mycorrhiza-forming fungi and plants increases their resistance to various pathogens and pests.
Mycorrhiza actively helps plants to absorb macro- and microelements from hard-to-reach (poorly soluble) soil compounds. Its use allows gardeners not only to save on fertilizers, but also to solve many problems that arise when growing ecologically safe vegetable products. Thus, crop yields increase with less need for fertilizers and water. By the way, the introduction of high, unjustified scientific norms of mineral fertilizers inhibits the growth of mycorrhizas.
Since people interfered in the natural relationships, the processes in the soil were violated, now it is necessary to restore them. This can be done through the introduction of biologics containing fungal spores. They are able to form mycorrhizas, as well as bacteria that help it form and develop. Technology of agriculture with the use of microbial biopreparations provides a healthy ecology and high yields.
© Author: Lyudmila DATSKO
Organic farming and the use of biologics instead of chemistry
While purchasing a variety of vegetable or berry crops that is resistant to many diseases, as well as a new plant protection product, we expect to receive from them the maximum result promised in the description of the variety or instructions to the preparation. But when in practice our expectations are not justified and the harvest leaves much to be desired, we are disappointed. What are the causes of our failures and how to eliminate them?
Typically, informing the buyer about the variety or product sold, most sellers talk only about the best qualities of their product, omitting the negative aspects of its characteristics. In this case, we still have to rely on luck and hope that the result will still be good. But in fact there are also honest sellers, from whom we have been acquiring quality and certified products for several years. Only sometimes somehow it turns out that, despite this, we still get a very modest crop or note the ineffectiveness of the protective drug. Naturally, our resentment over failure is first and foremost in the purchase purchased. But first, we should objectively assess the situation and think about whether our accusation is fair.
To begin with, imagine that even with a slight tailwind towards your site, the spores of many dangerous diseases are transferred to healthy plants. Not indifferent to fresh plantings and numerous pests that are able to overcome huge distances in search of a new residence. Thus, your ideal site is regularly "manned" by a set of diseases and pests from surrounding areas. Naturally, realizing this reality forces you to take protective measures in accordance with your vision of the development of the situation.
More often than not, gardeners tend to resort to the use of chemical drugs, locally suppressing one or another foci of another disease or pest. And so throughout the season we are trying to save plants, rarely thinking about the consequences of applying certain doses of chemical protection products that are not always "harmless" for humans and the environment.
So how to be in this situation? Unfortunately, there is no panacea for all ills, but an alternative option is still - organic farming. It is not difficult to master it, the main thing is to change your habits and understanding of the proper protection of plants. At one time we are somehow accustomed to chemical preparations, so we can also learn the organic methods of farming.
And then every pathological dispute, hungry thrips and all other "enemies", will be met by prepared, processed from all sides protective biopreparation plants. Useful microorganisms will always wait for the enemy in full combat readiness. Each week, it is necessary to apply such a protective film to newly formed and already formed parts of plants, eliminating the random gaps of previous treatments.
Very important is that. that biological products not only protect plants, but also enrich them with useful substances, stimulate development. increase resistance to adverse weather conditions and stressful situations. So works a set of useful "population" of drugs trichodermin, phytosporin and guapsin. No less qualitative is the preparation "Baikal EM-1", which has a balanced composition of various microorganisms. Well-established relatively new, multifunctional, feed-protective biopreparation "Healthy Harvest". Thanks to the carefully selected composition of a useful microbiota, it is able to keep clean and feed the garden and garden throughout the season. If you treat plants every week from early spring to late autumn without leaving "stalks" of diseases and pests for the winter, you will be able to get high yields of vegetable and fruit crops, as well as reveal the potential of old varieties and interesting novelties.
All this must be learned, gradually transforming the habitual agro-practices. Of course, one must be realistic - from the first time and the season it is unlikely that everything will turn out perfectly. But the competent application of biotechnology from season to season will do its job and bring good results. Your land plots will become much cleaner, and the products grown on them will be environmentally safe, that is, natural and useful.
© Author: Ivan BURAKOV, scientist agronomist
Organic farming is the ability to understand the land
To persuade stubborn people of something (for example, the benefits of organic farming) is an empty occupation. In vain only erase the language and get nervous. It is much better not to argue with them, but simply to give them the opportunity to see your progress.
It was smooth on paper ...
I live on the southern outskirts of the city of Beslan for more than 20 years. I moved here from the capital of our republic, Vladikavkaz, just because of the plot of six hundred square meters, because I really like to dig in the ground, talk and consult with her. No, no, do not think that I have senile senility! I just perceive it as a living being, programmed by the greatest and incredibly clever Creator. And I'm very interested in her!
But initially, on the site that I got, in fact, there was no land: gravel and stones, and even household and industrial garbage from a nearby concrete plant - stone blocks and crumpled pieces of netting. I had to create the soil myself, because my husband died in the year of our move, and I stayed with my youngest 13-year-old son (the two older ones worked then in Surgut after graduating from the construction institute). If it weren’t for Mother Earth, I would not have endured all the trials that fell to my lot ... Only she gave me peace, spiritual and physical strength. And even now, if I just feel unwell, I immediately go out into the garden, speak with trees and bushes, ask them to help me. Surprisingly, my health immediately improves, and I work on the site until the evening with such enthusiasm that I sometimes forget about the dinner cooked on the stove! With a sad outcome for the last ...
I want to admit that in the fresh air it is more interesting for me to perform any (even hard) physical work than in a light household. Although you need to cook and eat, and maintain cleanliness, but ... Okay, let's not talk about me, but about our nurse.
For some reason, in the minds of so many gardeners, when mentioning an exemplary garden, only one picture is drawn: dug from the fence to the fence and carefully cleaned from the weeds. Do you think I'm exaggerating? Yes, nothing of the kind!
How much effort do I spend to explain to my acquaintances that this sterility (and in any brilliant and beautiful magazines the country plots look exactly like that) leads to the fact that the sun is mercilessly dried by the bare earth, and if some moisture remains in it , so the wind blows it all to the last drop!
And then these mountain-gardeners watered the unfortunate beds to a frenzy, deepening their rapidly melting wells and buying ever more powerful pumps. Oh, if only the technology depended on crops! And poor people forget that the land from such powerful and permanent irrigation is not revived, but is depleted, since humus leaves with water in the lower layers. Exhausted from such work and the strength of the gardener.
To all the sisters of the earrings
I have understood this all for a long time, but go and prove it to other people. How can they be persuaded? Only by example. If at the dawn of my gardening I had the opportunity to peek at the work of an experienced summer resident, I would have made much progress in agriculture even faster. Here, say, at first I composted the compost everywhere, and the manure generously contributed, but there was no sense in it. Sisyphean work some. Then I began to study the specialized literature that I could find, and began to compare what I read with what was happening in my garden-garden.
In the end (not right away, of course), I came here to what conclusions. All plants during the season try to increase as much green mass as possible, which collects from the ground and air nutrients
substances to supply them with plants, ripening fruits and seeds. Then the leaves fall on the roots and protect the whole of the winter from freezing. Over the winter, litter (as well as all plant residues) rot, and earthworms drag it deep into the soil, where they process nutrients that are easily assimilated by plants, which at the same time are also a feed for any other soil living creatures. And since she has something to eat, she does not touch the living roots of plants. If we remove the fall from the plantings in autumn or spring, we destroy all this natural cycle, which has been reconciled over the centuries. So, think now, is there a fashionable "magazine" beauty in the garden-garden?
However, there is an outlet for those who have plant waste spoil the kind of plot: cover them with earth, then they will not be blown away by the wind, and they will rot faster. And your possessions will eventually look even more well-groomed.
I put all the surplus organic matter in compost piles and get a truly ideal fertilizer: it contains all the substances necessary for plants and, when added in any quantity, does not burn the roots, such as manure, in which other gardeners see a panacea for all their ills. I even ask the drivers of garbage trucks to take leaves from the city park, so that instead of dumping they brought them to my garden.
Weathered grass, cut branches of bushes and trees, food waste and paper products of all kinds go to mulch under bushes and trees. Laying it out, I sentence: “Mother earth, I return back what I took from you for temporary use. I thank you, dear, for your generosity! ” And the soul itself becomes lighter and lighter. And those residues of mulch that do not have time to overtake during the winter, I burn in the spring to get the best potash fertilizer in the world - ash.
Forget the road to the bazaar!
I do not dig now the earth. What for? Under a thick layer of mulch, it is always loose and soft. And for its processing, I no longer need a shovel, but chopper, rake or, at worst, a flat cutter. Why does not everyone do this? I do not know. After all, any trucker, even if he is 80 years old, such soil cultivation is only a joy! My garden-garden is very grateful to me for such care and gives every year such crops that I have long forgotten the way to the bazaar. Moreover, fruits and vegetables are sufficient not only for sustenance in the summer, but also for winter preparations, which I generously share with relatives, neighbors and good acquaintances.
I admit, greedy for any exotic. Let’s say, for a long time my azimine (the closest relative of the banana) has been growing for me, black persimmon (with small Korolka fruits), gumi (the same silver goof), honeysuckle berry and flower (honeysuckle), Schisandra chinensis, Japanese quince, irga, hawthorn , hazelnuts (planted in the same pit with hazelnuts), dogwood of two varieties (large - southern, ours - forest), goji, unabi. And this is not counting apple trees, pears, plums, apricots and everything else that is supposed to be grown for every decent summer resident. And all of them need to pay attention: to drink, feed, caress, mow, sprinkle, plant mulch on the roots and, most importantly, say kind words, giving them the warmth they feel so well!
But if you think that I know everything about everyone, you are wrong. For example, this winter I read that tree pruning can be done in the off-season, if there was no time to spend it in the fall. I was delighted and immediately moved into the garden, since there was not much snow and the weather was warm. I took and cut two trees at once, which they did not have time to reach at the end of the season. And this summer this couple already looks amazing!
Two nails and a good club
And now I will share my experience. For some reason, most summer residents try to plant fruit trees and berries in the spring. And I think that it is best to do it in the early autumn or the same winter (if it is not severe, of course). Do not believe me? But I do not invent anything. I had a lot of godoks, it was time to practice this idea in practice.
The thing is that the planting of seedlings in the spring should be completed before the buds awaken on them. If they have already woken up (which most often happens), you need to try to dig up the trees from the schools along with the largest clods of earth, so that it is also moistened. Have you paid attention to their size in most nurseries (I won’t even talk about goods in the market)? That's it and it - the seedlings are exposed there with bare and dried roots. And it turns out that when planting at the end of the season, such seedlings are more likely to survive, because they have already gathered "on the side", dozing. Well, for many sellers just to sell them, whether they grow up with you or not is not their concern, you yourself must know when, what, and in what form you should buy.
Still important is the location of landings. For example, blackberries, gooseberries and currants like penumbra, as in the sun they burn berries. Therefore, they grow in me between the colonial (or directly beneath the pygmy) trees. And raspberries, horseradish and honeysuckle, on the contrary, the sun is loved. Here they are basking in my garden only in open spaces.
And I also know how to make an old tree, which has ceased to bear fruit, again take up the mind: you need to do a strong anti-aging pruning during flowering (at this time!) The tree from this falls into stress, mobilizes all its forces - and the harvest in my pocket, or rather, in the baskets. Sometimes I’ve come out easier: I hammer a few nails into the trunk, and then I pound it with a stick and say: “If you don’t bear fruit, I will chop you down, although I don’t have a soul in you. Believe it or not, you will, but this technique almost always works.
EM PREPARATION BY YOUR HANDS
And I want to give advice on the preparation of the EM-drug at home, and then in stores, it's expensive today, because it's very fashionable. The recipe is not too complicated. My loved ones always laugh at me: they say, nothing is lost and nothing is thrown away, everything is going on. So, say, you bought raw meat for lunch, washed it (do not pour water!), Prepared for roasting. But do not discard the trimmings, but put them in the basin, in which the meat is rinsed, and add five liters of rain water. Then buy a piece of beef or mutton scab, finely chop and roll into the same container. Then add 2 ch. honey and 2-3 art. l. bran, mix everything, and let this burda stand in a warm place (10-18 °, not lower) for about three days. Close the basin does not need a lid, it's only necessary to cover it with flies with a rag. Well, do not forget to stir.
After a lapse of three days, take out the scar and give it to cats and dogs or bury it in the compost pile. And in the remaining solution add another 1 st. l. honey, chopped banana and orange skins (can be dried) and leave to infuse for another four to five days. When the solution gets a sour kvass smell with a banana or orange "aftertaste," strain it and pour it into bottles that can be stored in the refrigerator. At this temperature, the microorganisms living in it do not perish, but fall asleep. But you need to use this EM solution within a month, otherwise it will lose its power. I raise it in a bucket in a bucket of water and pour it under the roots immediately after watering or sprinkling.
I also use green dressing, although I do not like it because of stink. But my pets like it, which means it didn’t bother me to turn my nose either. I prepare it this way: I throw any weathered grass (celandine, nettle, wood lice, shepherd’s bag, dandelions, burdock) into a 200-liter barrel, add two buckwheat cakes to the bucket (I collect it on the street after the herd is driven out) and cover it with burlap so that the birds did not fail when catching midges (which winds over a barrel) and did not die. I leave this “charm” to wander for two weeks - until foam appears on its surface. Then I dilute 1 liter per bucket of water.
Finally, friends, I want to tell you that working on the earth enriches and ennobles every person, makes him wise and, most importantly, teaches us to love the world around us, which is so lacking in life today. May it be so! Good luck to you all!
Svetlana Arsenyevna Beslan. North Ossetia
3 WAYS TO STAY WITHOUT HARVEST
О increase of fertility the land is baked by every vegetable gardener. But only, to my sincere surprise, as a result, people often achieve the opposite result.
To me already for 80. I am engaged exclusively in cultivation of the ten most demanded varieties of tomatoes and I collect seeds myself. And since all the planting material is checked by hand, the crops are always very worthy of me. But the main secret of my success is that with my own hands I "brought up" and the land, which now generously gives me. But, reading each "dacha" from cover to cover, I see that not all gardeners understand this simple truth. Or maybe this simplicity just confuses them? I'm not going to teach anyone, just want to clarify.
Earth is a living organism, filled with countless living organisms. First of all, these are aerobic bacteria that breathe oxygen and actively participate in the formation of humus, thereby increasing soil fertility. The layer below is anaerobic bacteria that breathe carbon dioxide, but perform all the same functions of humus formation. An important role in increasing fertility is played by earthworms, which, through their excavated passages, provide air and moisture access to the soil. And from here follow three simple truths.
When digging the soil on the bayonet spade with the rotation of the layers, all the bacteria die. In addition, this leads to a disruption in the structure of the earth and to the breakage of small rootlets of plants.
For the same reason, beds can not be "fried" or "steamed" with boiling water. Moreover, when the earth warms above 45 °, a putrefactive microflora begins to develop actively inside it. And at 55 ° and higher, the decomposition of humic acids also occurs.
You can not spill the soil with manganese solution, because sour potassium is a preservative and converts nutrients into a form inaccessible to plants. As a result, whether you fertilized the land or not, it still appears to be depleted. In addition, potassium permanganate also kills beneficial microflora and destroys humic acids. This is also facilitated by the constant use of copper sulfate, beloved by many summer residents, which is practically not washed out of the soil. Using all of the above techniques, you can imagine how much you strike the health of your beds?
For To increase the fertility, first of all, return as much organic matter as possible to the soil. Leave the roots of peppers, aubergines, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons on the beds, and cut the tops and either compost, or use it as a shelter.
But the main thing is that both the abandoned roots and the mulch from the tops must be watered abundantly before the onset of frost so that bacteria and worms can feed on them.
And, of course, it is necessary to sow the vacated rows with siderates in autumn, without cutting them in the winter. Dear truck farmers, let us leave to the younger generations fertile soil, and not a dead desert.
Leonid Vasilyevich PORKHUNOV. from. Primorsky Krai
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I want to talk a little about the process of increasing the fertility of the earth without the slightest application of chemistry. I think this question is of interest to many summer residents.
But first, a little smart. I propose to recall the school course of botany. So, plant debris (litter) is primarily processed by mushrooms that eat glucose. Then the bacteria begin their work - they decompose the rest of the vegetation with the release of heat and moisture. And these vital products of fungi and bacteria are just the food for any plants. And the more plant residues in the earth, the richer and more fertile the earth. Here is such a cycle in nature.
I've discovered America, you will say. Of course, the facts are well known. Yes, only we, truck farmers, for some reason do not hurry to translate this knowledge into a practical plane. Maybe elementary observation is not enough?
Well, let's open our eyes wider. Look at the forest. Nobody scatters chemistry there. Leaf litter and grass rot and fertilize the soil - the yield of berries and fruits is guaranteed! And where does the moisture in the forest come from in the drought? Plants launch their roots deep into the earth, and then they, having worked out their resources, die and are processed by fungi and bacteria. And the holes in the soil remaining from the roots become capillaries, due to which, as motorists would put it, moisture leaks from deep layers of groundwater. Therefore, even in the driest season in the forest or on a non-plowed field, the earth is always wet! In general, there is much to learn from nature.
I personally always take lessons from her. And although, I confess, I can not yet be considered an excellent pupil, but there are no bad marks in the garden diary for a long time already.
For example, beds I do not dig any more so as not to destroy the existing capillary structure in the soil, but just cover mulch from the organic. And for irrigation, I now need much less water, and this is a significant saving of energy, time and money, because the work of the electric pump is monitored by a counter! And for the best processing of mulch, I water it with a bunch.