Buzina (photo) species and varieties, planting and care
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Why put "elder in the garden" and what it happens
Tell me, please, what kind of plant is depicted in the photo? Maria Inozemtseva
It is a elder - a small tree or shrub 1-10 m high with erect stems. The entire surface of the stems is covered with tubercles, the so-called "lentils" - a kind of outlets through which plants breathe.
Elderberry branches are very brittle due to the loose core. On them is an unpaired foliage, consisting of several leaflets (from five to seven), at a young age it is purple or dark red. Leaves have a strong unpleasant odor. Flowers are collected in panicle inflorescences up to 20 cm in diameter. Elderberry begins to bloom in late spring, simultaneously with the appearance of foliage. Fruits of red, black or yellow color (there are species with edible berries) ripen in July-August.
Types and varieties of elderberry
Black elderberry - a shrub or small tree up to 3-4 m tall with an oval crown and light gray bark. It blooms in May and June. Fruits have medicinal and nutritional value. In Europe there are cultivated plantations of varietal plantings. Growing black elderberry is easy. However, the plant prefers protected areas with fertile, moist soil. The species is winter-hardy, the cultural forms of black elderberry with red and yellow foliage can freeze strongly.
Popular varieties of elderberry black:
- aura - shrub more than 3 m tall, with a round, dense crown, leaves are yellow (in the sun) and yellow-green (in the shade);
- Guincho Purple, Purpurea - shrubs with purple foliage, buds and flowers are white and pink;
- Black Beauty - the bush is large, the leaves remain purple-purple until the fall, the flowers are pink with a pleasant smell;
- Albo-variegata - foliage white and motley;
- Aureo variegata - golden-colored foliage;
- Marginata differs irregular silvery-cream border of each sheet;
- Witches Broom - dwarf variety up to 0,2 m tall, the leaves are small, dark, practically does not bloom.
Brown Canadian - Another kind of elderberry. This is a shrub with greenish, bare or slightly pubescent shoots. The apical kidney is large. It blooms in June and July. The flowers are small, white or yellowish-green, collected in large umbrella-shaped inflorescences (up to 25 cm in diameter). Fruits - black edible drupes up to 4 mm in diameter - ripen in August-September.
Brown elder or red - a plant common in the middle lane. A shrub sometimes develops as a multi-stem tree. The bark is brown. The kidneys are large. The flowers are small, collected in a dense panicle inflorescence up to 10 cm long. Without smell. Flowering - in May. Fruits are red, juicy drupes. They are poisonous! Ripen in August-September.
Fruits are easily carried over long distances by birds. This is one of the first shrubs that settles in disturbed areas (clearings, conflagrations, etc.). It can be used in shadow decorative compositions as a background plant, and varieties as accent plants in a sunny place.
See also: Growing black elderberry - planting and care, varieties
Popular varieties of elderberry red:
- Goldilocks - shrub up to 0,8 m tall, leaves are yellow, narrow, with long sparse teeth, red berries;
- Plumosa Aurea - leaves are yellow, cut;
- Sutherland Gold - shrub up to 3 m tall, the leaves are yellow, deeply incised, with a few teeth;
- Plumosa - leaves with narrow and long teeth along the edge, purple when blooming.
Elderberry blue - a very decorative look that came to us from the western regions of North America. It has been in the culture since the mid-nineteenth century. Elderberry blue is a large shrub or tree 15 m high with red thin young branches. On old branches, the bark has a light sand color. The leaves consist of 5-7 bare, bluish-greenish, roughly serrate leaflets 15 cm long.
Flowers whitish yellow, pleasantly smelling, collected in corymbose inflorescences about 15 cm across. Blossoms this type of elderberry for twenty days. During fruiting it looks very impressive thanks to its black and blue with a bluish bloom.
Elderberry grassy - this type of elderberry, found in the wild, is really grass, but very tall - up to 1,5 m. Its ripe berries form dark (almost black) large scutes located at the very tops of the shoots. Fresh berries are very toxic due to the high content of hydrocyanic acid. All parts of the plant have a very unpleasant odor. Besides the fact that the species is decorative, it is still able to scare away all kinds of rodents and harmful insects.
Planting elderberry
Planting elderberries (especially decorative species) is best in places well-lit by the sun in autumn or spring. In shaded areas, the plant will grow poorly and lose its shape and color of foliage. Before planting, elderberry roots are shortened to 15-20 cm and treated with clay mash. The depth of the landing pit should not be less than 50 cm, and the root neck should be located at ground level. The distance between the seedlings is at least 1,5 m. A mixture of sand, turf soil, humus and peat (1: 2: 2: 1) can be added to the planting hole.
Note
Buzina prefers loamy, alkaline substrates rich in nitrogen. Rusty can both on relatively dry and very moist soils. To salinity, the plant is stable.
Elder Care
The main type of care for elderberry is pruning. This procedure begins to apply already at the stage when the plant is only planted, thus cutting the damaged and weak shoots. It is necessary to thin the crown of elderberry every year and remove the dried branches. It is recommended to cut at least one third of the bush every year, thus giving elderly the opportunity to rejuvenate. It is also necessary to remember the radical branches and not let them grow, so that the plant does not expend unnecessary forces on their development.
In the springtime, it is desirable to feed elderberry fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, and during flowering plants need a mullein. In summer, around the bush, loosen the soil and mulch.
Reproduction
All kinds of elderberry reproduce superbly with propagation, seeds and layers. Seeds must be sown to a depth of up to 1,5 cm. Cuttings are planted in autumn directly into the soil. Herbaceous elderberry is propagated, cutting off part of the rhizome with the kidney and planting it in a place of constant growth.
Place in the design
The elder is recommended to be used in single and group plantings as underbrush, to mask unsightly places. At the same time, it is taken into account that many elderberry species have the ability to scare away a variety of insects.
See also: Which plants can and will help decorate the garden in autumn: photo title and description
The use of elderberry and its properties
The Romans and Greeks grew elder for medicinal use, and they considered it to be a sacred plant protecting the house.
Almost all parts of elderberry (roots, bark, foliage, flowers, fruits) have medicinal properties. Especially popular is the use in folk medicine of flowers, which treat the flu, angina, rheumatism, arthritis, colds and other diseases. They have a diaphoretic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and laxative effect.
Recipe
Infusion of elderberry black flowers is used as a diaphoretic, diuretic and emollient for acute respiratory infections with a runny nose and cough, angina, laryngitis, as well as for kidney, bladder, edema, gout, hemorrhoids, skin rashes. For the preparation of 2, tsp. raw pour a glass of boiling water, insist 20 minutes, filter. This amount should be drunk within a day, each time on the throat.
© Author: The leading agronomist of the Botanical Garden Mikhail Viktorovich NAUMOV answered the reader's question
CULTIVATION OF ELDER - LANDING AND CARE, TIPS AND FEEDBACK
ELDER WITHOUT BEAUTY
Many are impressed by the beauty of the black elderberry leaves, especially its new varieties - the plants are noticeable in the garden from afar. The aroma of flowers is also pleasant. And some are also interested in their medicinal properties. I even know enthusiasts who make jam from fruits. What is true and what is legend?
All the virtues
It's a miracle how good the dwarf variety Nana is about 1 m high, weeping and columnar forms are very effective. B. Laciniata and Black Lace varieties with strongly dissected leaves are magnificent. Many are attracted by the Aurea variety with golden yellow leaves, which turn pink by autumn and then turn red. The only pity is that it is this form in the middle zone that suffers more than others from frost and recurrent frosts.
Black elderberry and its varieties grow quickly. Although the bushes are beautiful and solo, they can be formed into hedges. Moreover, each plant after low pruning is easily restored in the form of a multi-stemmed tree or bush.
The culture is easy to propagate by cuttings, and when sowing seeds, you can get interesting forms, but there is little chance of repeating the maternal qualities.
Almost all parts of B. black are used in folk medicine, for example, as an emetic and laxative. Flowers are more in demand: for colds, flu, bronchitis, kidney disease, edema. But if you collect them for medicinal purposes, then you will not get a harvest of berries, which, of course, are quite edible, but not enough to be eaten from a bush or in the form of jam. Even if you make jam, then from flowers on honey. And it is better to squeeze the juice from the berries, combine it with honey (1: 1) and store in the refrigerator in case of illness.
A curiosity variety
In my garden there is a special spectacular variety - Black Tower (Black Tower). The bush grows strictly vertically and does not fall apart. The plant is famous for its increased frost resistance. Although Black Elderberry and its forms have one advantage: even if they freeze over, young shoots grow rapidly by 80-150 cm in spring.
BTW
Some people think that elderberry smells unbearable. In general, this is true, but only when rubbing leaves or damaging shoots, for example, when pruning. In other cases, a person does not feel an unpleasant odor - on the contrary, at the time of flowering, a subtle honey aroma spreads through the garden.
© Author: Natalia VLADIMIROVA, Landscape Designer, Moscow
BUZINA - LANDING AND CARE ON VIDEO
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I have a black elderberry Aurea, a decorative shrub with yellow young leaves, which then turn yellow-green. I am interested in the question - is this decorative elder only, or can it be used for treatment?
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Aurea is simply a decorative form of black elderberry, so it has the same useful properties as a regular black elderberry. For example, flowers are allowed to be used for colds, even by scientific medicine (flowers must be collected at the very beginning of blooming, then dried at a temperature of no higher than 30-35 °). In addition, diaphoretic, diuretic, anti-febrile and anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to elderberry flowers. The bark has diuretic properties. Berries are famous | as sweatshops and weak- | body product.
Juice, wine, jam, various medicinal tinctures are made from ripe black fruits. In folk medicine, the berries are used to improve immunity, help with constipation, stomach problems, varicose veins, increase overall tone. The only thing that should be considered, - an elder contains toxins. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the manufacturing technology and in no case exceed the dosage.
N. Yeremeyev
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Has planted in the past to year elder as the doctor has advised good national agent at a cystitis: 1-1,5 st.l. fresh or dried elder blossoms pour in 1 st. boiling water, wrap for an hour, drink 2-3 times a day for 2 tbsp. 2 weeks; after a one-week break, treatment can be repeated.
In addition, in my large family I will use this useful plant during colds. There are no questions regarding the care of the bush, but I don’t know how to prune it properly ...
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Elderberry is a malleable culture: from it you can grow both a standard shape and a large rounded bush with numerous branches extending almost from the soil itself. The latter option is more convenient for gardeners - amateurs.
To culture fruited in the first year after planting, only two of the most powerful, non-competing shoots are left in the bush. In the future, the bush is formed from 10-12 branches from 1 to 6 years.
Every year in the early spring before the beginning of the sap move, remove all shoots older than 5-6 years, and also cut thickening, weak, unsuccessfully located, lying on the ground, broken, dry and damaged branches. The bush must have uneven-aged branches, but with the predominance of shoots of 2-3-year-old age, on which the crop is formed.
Places of cuts do not forget to process with garden fumes.
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This large shrub grows on any soil, but prefers moist places. The most suitable place for elderberry is on the edge of the pond, drainage ditch. It grows very quickly, but individual branches lose decorativeness after a few years.
Therefore, to form a lush round crown, it is recommended that every 3 year completely cut out the bush.
The form of Aureus (Aurea) has golden-green leaves, against which the clusters of black berries stand out by the end of summer.