Bean pest - bean kernel: photo and description, fight
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Bean grain - how to fight?
Bean grain is a dangerous pest of legumes. He came to us from South America and quickly spread throughout the territory of our country. The beetle infects plants on beds, migrates to grains with grains and often gets into living quarters. The harmfulness of bean grain is its rapid reproduction and mass destruction of the crop. And even on the fields where the harvest has not yet ripened, the beetles are able to feed on various parts of leguminous plants.
Know the enemy in person
The first information about the appearance Acanthoscelides obtectus beans in the territory of our country were recorded at the beginning of the second half of the XX century. on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea, where the spread of this pest was focal. Gradually, along with the infected seeds, the bean grain spread to many regions of our country.
For a long time, the bean grain was considered a quarantine object of its investigation were carried out in the presence of a small amount of material. However, the periodic mass multiplication of this pest of the regions made it possible to study in more detail the features of its development, to clarify the descriptions of the stages of the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults.
The length of the bean core is 2.8 3,5 mm. The outer covers are black and gray with dense setae. Due to the different coloring of the bristles and their gradual erasure, the prothorax and above the wings of the beetle look spotty. The posterior edge of the abdomen, legs and antennae (partially) have a brown color. Eyes convex, with longitudinal bristly groove serving for insertion of antennae. The pronotum is strongly narrowed in front, has two deep notches at the base.
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A distinctive feature of the insect can be considered dark elytra. which do not fully cover the abdomen. On the hind legs of an adult there are sharp teeth.
The feet of all pairs of legs are densely pubescent, this provides the beetles a light movement over the smooth surface of the bean.
Female beetles a few days after mating find the ripening fruits of legumes and gnaw through holes in them, deep into which lay white spindle-shaped eggs of length 0,8 mm. After 35-45 days, larvae appear from eggs, developing, they eat the inner contents of the fruit of the plant.
The larva of 1 is white, covered with numerous long hairs, its length does not exceed the size of the egg. Head with rounded lateral edges. In soft covers of the dorsal surface of the prothorax, an H-shaped sclerite is developed, on which there are two thorns. With their help, larvae are introduced into the seed of the bean. On the abdomen there are special suckers, providing movement of the larva.
The adult larva is curved, legless, white. The upper jaws grind food with the inner surfaces that fit along the entire length. Antennae are located in the pits into which they sink while feeding the larvae with a solid seed.
The next stage of development is the transformation of the larva into a pupa. At the appropriate time, the adult insect goes out through the round holes. Pupa is beige, naked, ovoid. Pronotum has arched, strongly narrowing in front lateral edges and acute posterior corners.
One complete chain of appearance and development of an insect is 105-110 days, depending on the conditions.
Economic importance
One seed of the bean can simultaneously infect up to 17 pests. Infected with bean grain seeds of legumes when stored at home, granaries, stores, etc. may become completely unsuitable for eating and sowing.
Beetles and larvae of the grain have a specific smell and taste. When ingested, they cause nausea in a person. There is a known case of beetroot beetroot poisoning of adult birds of a silent quail contained in laboratory conditions. They willingly ate beetles, but as a result they were very stressed out.
On the basis of the data obtained, we were able to develop effective methods that limit the mass reproduction of bean grain.
See also: How to grow beans on the site
Prevention and methods for combating bean seed:
- strictly observe the crop rotation of garden crops:
- Bean seeds must be laid in a thin layer in large boxes with low sides (eg 80x60x5 cm) and left in storage in unheated rooms (granary, shed, veranda, attic).
When storing a large number of seeds of legumes in bags and deep boxes, optimal conditions are created for mass reproduction of bean grain, which can continuously develop in mature seeds;
- at least twice a month to inspect the seeds and remove the infected beans from the boxes;
- before disposing of contaminated seeds boil in boiling water 2 3 min. In non-processed by boiling seeds, beetles can hibernate, and in the spring-summer period fly to the crops of beans.
Infected seeds of beans are not suitable for sowing, or for eating.
Answers to readers' questions were prepared by: Love CHERNEY.
© Author: Alexei PROKHOROV, Svetlana POPROTSKA.
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In winter, black bugs started up in bean stocks. Will it be possible to plant pristine beans? How to make sure the seeds are not damaged?
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- Most likely, we are talking about a caryopsis, a small copper-brown bug that damages beans, more rarely, nuts, peas, peas, lentils, horse beans and soy.
Untouched beans can be planted. To make sure they are whole, drop the beans into a container of cold water for 3-5 minutes. If they have bugs, they will float to the surface.
In the future, to protect plants from pests, follow four simple rules:
- remove weeds on time;
- plant beans when the soil warms up to +10 deg., Do not wait for tangible heat;
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- before planting, hold the beans for an hour in water, a growth promoter or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
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They enjoy eating the hard leaves of those plants that other pests neglect: beets, sunflowers, corn, cereals. And the drier and hotter the weather, the stronger the appetite of the caterpillars. The worst thing is the periods of mass reproduction of the insect. When they fly, they look like snow flakes, which is why the meadow moth is also called a snowstorm.
Since moths and their offspring live not only in vegetable plants, but also in natural meadows, it is impossible to avoid the appearance of a pest. No matter how you look after the garden, insects will fly from the side. But prevention is necessary. For example, hibernating cocoons in the soil die during digging with the turnover of the formation, with early spring harrowing. Cocoons of the summer generation perish when loosening rows.
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