Almonds - cultivation and varieties
Walnut almonds - types and varieties
It is known more than 40 types of almonds. The most common almond ordinary. It grows only in the southern regions (in particular, in the Crimea). The height reaches 8 m, grows over 100 years and gives slightly flattened fruits with an edible core inside.
Almond steppe feels well in the European part of Russia and even in Siberia, frosts and droughts are not afraid. Sorts of this kind of almonds (we will list them below) are registered in the State Register. This is a shrub that reaches a height of 1,5 m. The fruit is ready for harvest in September.
Almonds trilobate - This is a tall tree, giving fruit crumbling with a light gust of wind. Homeland - Northern China.
Almond Ledebour grows perfectly in the Altai, reaching a height of 2 m, is not afraid of cold weather.
Almonds Petunnikov in height reaches about 1 m. It grows in the Western Tien Shan; sometimes the tips of shoots sometimes freeze.
Varieties of almonds
For the cultivation, you can recommend the following varieties of almonds:
- Alexander (southern regions),
- Bosporus (all regions),
- Knight (all regions),
- Dessert (all regions),
- Milas (all regions),
- Nikitsky (all regions),
- Nikitsky 62 (all regions),
- Coastal (all regions).
See also: Growing almonds - planting and care
Reproduction
Almond can be planted on the plum, the turn, cherry plum, cherry. Seed propagation is permissible, they are sown in spring or autumn. When the seedlings reach a height of 30 cm, they can be transplanted to a permanent location.
A good breed of almonds cuttings, layers, offspring. В middle June from shoots cut into cuttings and planted в nutritious soil Greenhouses. About a month later they take root.
Almonds prefer nutrient soils with good drainage, does not tolerate populated and dense soils with stagnant melt or rainwater. This plant adores light, so for him on the site you need to select well lit place.
It is better to plant seedlings in autumn-spring, they may not settle down. Given the low self-fertilization of almonds, it is better to place on the 3-4 grade.
The depth of the pit for planting is 60 cm, the width is -50 cm. The distance between the plants is at least 3 m. At the bottom of the pit, make a layer of drainage from broken brick or humus, then pour a layer of river sand 8 cm thick. Add 3-4 tbsp. l superphosphate and 1 kg of well-rotted manure.
When planting, plug the root neck to 9-10 cm, then pour the pit with soil and compact it. After planting, pour a bucket of water and cover the surface with a humus layer 1 cm.
Periodically, it is necessary to loosen and weed the soil in the near-shore zone, whiten trunks and skeletal twigs in the autumn time, when rains are excluded.
Water almonds only as the soil dries. Norm watering-in a bucket of water for each plant.
Fertilized in spring (1 tbsp. L. Nitroammofoski), during the flowering period (1 tsp. Potassium sulfate) and after fruiting (250 g of wood ash).
In March, dry, broken, frozen, thickening shoots are removed. If pruning has not been done in the spring, it is carried out at the end of flowering. Sections are isolated with garden pitch.
Pest and disease control
Sometimes almonds are affected by aphids and gray rot. Aphids suck sap from leaves and young shoots. You can get rid of it with the help of insecticides approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Be sure to follow the instructions on the package.
If the tree is small, then the following infusion can help: on a bucket of water -50 g of laundry soap, 5-6 g of hot pepper, 0,5 kg of dry wormwood. Stir, let it brew for 24 hours, strain and treat the plants.
From gray rot usually helps only the removal of affected shoots. But it can be treated with fungicides or preparations based on copper (3% Bordeaux mixture).
Harvesting
Harvest the crop as soon as the fruits begin to dry out. Sometimes it is enough to shake a tree to make the nuts fall.
To ease the task, arm the pole with a length of about 4 m, and around the tree spread a couple of nets with small cells or sacking. Then the almonds are beaten with a stick.
Almond transplant and pruning - video
© Author: Nikolai Khromov, wonderful specialist
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My neighbor in the country claims that in our region you can grow almonds, and gave me its appendix in a pot. What place should he choose in the garden and how to care for it?
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- two completely different species can grow in the middle lane: low almonds, or bobovnik (Prunus tenella), and triloba almonds — three-lobed plum (P. triloba). Which one you got, determine during the cultivation. Land in the open ground (transship with a lump of land) in April.
The first view is a bush (about 1 m), similar to a “ball on a leg”, since its lower part is exposed. The seeds of its fruits are edible and tasty.
He needs a sunny place, moist, nutritious clay soil. Not afraid of either frost or drought. It grows quickly, since the 3-year-old has a lot of root shoots that can be used for reproduction. However, its abundance prevents the formation of fruits - sprouts from the roots should be regularly removed, leaving some of the strongest offspring. Flowering begins in the 3-5th year. Immediately after it, you can feed the bush with full mineral fertilizer (1 tbsp. Azofoski per 10 liters of water).
The second is a type of plum, a purely ornamental plant, especially its form of captivity. Last year's branches, before blooming, are covered with double flowers. They are sterile and do not form seeds. Flowering lasts more than two weeks and is not inferior in beauty to Japanese sakura.
If the plant is grafted, in the middle lane it needs to be covered. And if the seedling is taken from a root bush that has adapted to the conditions, then it hibernates without shelter.
They are planted in sunny places protected from the wind, but not in drafts or in lowlands. He loves fertile, loose soil, in spring needs complete mineral fertilizer, and in autumn - in ash.
On this almond loves to settle aphids. I spray it on the “Healthy Garden” (6 grains / l of water). Since this is an inedible plant, it can also be treated with the chemical product “Perimore” - special against aphids.
Galina KIZIMA, an experienced gardener.