Construction of a garden with medicinal plants in the country and in the garden

THE GARDEN TREATS, RELAXES, ENJOYES, GIVES FORCE AND ENDLESS INSPIRES - ANY SUMMER KNOWS THIS. FRESH AIR,

GREEN COLOR OF FLOUR, GARDEN FITNESS -NO AND, OF Surely, MEDICINAL PLANTS WHICH GROW IN EACH GARDEN

© Author: OLGA UVAROVA

Just do not say that you do not have them. Look around. Really, there are no Echinacea, violets, lungworts, badans in your garden; in the garden does not grow dill, parsley, garlic, onions, mint; there are no bushes of black currant, dog rose, raspberry, sea-buckthorn; and around the house there are no rowan, willow, lime trees and you do not pester at all, nettles, dandelions? That's just the point, that medicinal plants are everywhere. It's great that today we have modern medicine for our services, but often heal a cut or inflammation from an insect bite, stop blood in the wound, calm the loosened nerves, rinse your throat, make a healing bath or a pleasant face mask, make a fragrant tea or make a delicious tincture much easier and faster from the fact that it grows literally under your feet.

Pharmacy or kitchen garden

Before you select a plot for medicinal plants in the garden, decide what you want to get: environmentally friendly medicinal plants; a variety of spicy herbs and useful and tasty greens to the table; a collection of aromatic plants?

In any case, many plants are able to perform all these tasks, but your needs will depend on the location, quantity and range. If you intend to grow, collect and actively use medicinal herbs (St. John's wort, oregano, sage, motherwort, elephant, chamomile), you will have to give them a significant area and focus on drawing on the possibility of proper cultivation, not decorativeness. And most importantly - the environmental situation around the site. If it is located near the highway or industrial plants, then the idea of ​​growing your own medicinal herbs, unfortunately, will have to be abandoned.

To attract useful and scaring harmful insects, the plants (bud, clover, marigold, wormwood, rue, marigold, phacelia) should be planted around the perimeter of the garden or dispersed between fruit trees, bushes and vegetable beds.

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Kitchen garden is arranged closer to the kitchen. And a set of medicinal and spicy herbs in it corresponding: anise, parsley, dill, basil, coriander, hyssop, lemon balm, mint, oregano, thyme, cumin, tarragon, sage, onions, borage, lavender.

Many of this list can be grown in containers.

And not only at the dacha, but at home - on the balcony and even on the kitchen sill.

FOR THE NOTICE

Among the huge number of medicinal plants, you can choose and plant exactly what you and your family members specifically need. Tortured by stress, insomnia, fatigue - plant lemon balm, mint, valerian, cyanosis, hops, oregano, thyme. Often colds occur - you can not do without Echinacea, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, calendula, sage; kidney problems - in the garden, strawberries, chamomile, dill, fennel, rose hips, and calendula must certainly grow.

And for cosmetic purposes, all of the above, and also lovage, nettle, succession, celandine, flax, elecampane, will do.

FORM AND CONTENT OF GARDEN WITH MEDICINAL PLANTS

The history of apothecary gardens and kitchen gardens began in monasteries. And practical considerations were always intertwined with higher religious meanings and were based on them. The gardens were supposed to look like a prototype of paradise, an ideal place for interaction between man and nature.

IMPORTANT! DIRECT PLANTS ARE GOOD THAT, THE IMPORTANT TASTE, EXTERNAL VIEW AND FRAGRANCE OF OUR DAILY FOOD, THEY ARE FILLED WITH ITS VITAMINS AND USEFUL SUBSTITUTIONS, DUE TO AND PREVENTIVE, STRENGTHENING OUR ORGANISM

Until now, "in the image and likeness" of the monastery gardens are arranged kitchen gardens: they make them round, broken into segments ("wheel"), or square with crossed paths and a bowl (pond) at the intersection. This is also a tribute to tradition (the circle is a symbol of the sun, and the cross is the main Christian symbol), and a pragmatic approach: it is convenient to place plants, take care of them and collect them.

Of course, to adhere to these rules is not necessary, the shape of the garden or beds can be the most diverse - you are pulled along the path, triangular, free.

It is convenient to grow plants in modules, dividing the plot into equal squares, some of which are tiled - so that it's easy to reach everyone.

The pharmacy can be made in the form of a stony garden - it will perfectly look thyme, lavender, hyssop, sage, wormwood, decorative grades of oregano.

You can arrange a spectacular flower bed or mixboarder. Fashion on the flower beds of natural style allows you to plant here a lot of beautiful medicinal plants: echinacea, oregano, sage, blood grouses, bastards, mables, cyanosis, monads, lungworts, elecampane, yarrow, lofant, cats, plantains, mountaineers, lavender, angelica, fennel, ammonia .

If you do not use pesticides during their cultivation (and nearby), for family needs (medical, cosmetic or gastronomic), you can always pick a few leaves here, cut the branches (trim many for good), collect seeds, and when dividing and transplanting - take advantage of the roots of plants, without causing any damage to the beauty of the flower garden.

Low spicy and medicinal herbs and semishrubs (thyme, larch, lemongrass, geraniums) are good as curbs along the garden paths. Such a fragrant path can lead to a secret medicinal garden, fenced off from the main territory by bushes of hawthorn, dogrose, elderberry, with an entrance, lined with vine of lemongrass or hop, and inside it - relaxing or invigorating flowers and herbs.

IMPORTANT! LEAVE ANY MOBILE CORNERS IN THE GARDEN IN THE GARDEN. THEN YOU WILL ALWAYS HELP HELPFUL HERBS - IVAN-TEA, MALVA, CLEANER, NETTLE, BOWRA, BURDLE, MOTHER-AND-MILF, Dandelions, CUFF, TURN AND MUCH MORE DIFFERENT

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CHOOSING A PLACE FOR A GARDEN WITH MEDICINAL PLANTS

The main thing is that everyone has enough light and heat (depending on the needs). Because most of them (lavender, hyssop, thyme, basil, marjoram, sage and others) come from the sunny Mediterranean. Although there are some that feel great on damp, slightly shaded areas (parsley, lovage, lemon balm, cats, mint), and they also need to create suitable conditions for them.

The only thing that practically all medicinal plants do not tolerate is soil blocking. Therefore, an important condition is good drainage. In the lowlands and heavy clay sites, it is necessary to make elevated ridges and add sand.

The place for a kitchen garden or a pharmacy bed is prepared in the same way as any other flower beds.

1. In the autumn it is dug and released from weeds.

2. In winter, the filling is considered, the number of plants required is calculated.

3. In early spring, they begin to cultivate seedlings, rooting cuttings, or purchase ready-made planting material.

When the soil warms up, it is loosened once more and the weeds are removed.

Then, mark out a plan carefully planned, plant or seed the seeds, taking into account the height, shape, color, nature of the growth of plants. Seedlings of heat-loving crops (basil, marigold) in the middle zone of Russia are planted in the ground only after the end of the threat of spring frosts.

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER!

For medicinal purposes, plants grown in ecologically clean areas can be used.

When using a medicinal plant for the first time, be careful: it can not only benefit, but also cause harm - cause allergies, burns, poisoning.

Among the medicinal plants are many deadly poisonous (aconite, lily of the valley, peony), preparations on their basis can be used only under the prescription of the doctor and under his supervision!

Do not follow blindly the tips gleaned on the Internet or in any popular publications. Before applying this or that prescription with medicinal herbs for medicinal purposes, be sure to study in the special literature the characteristics of plants, possible side effects, time and methods of collecting raw materials, their processing, storage and preparation, doses and timing of administration. Better yet, consult a specialist.

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APTEKAR AROMATIC GARDEN

Many dream to combine the beauty of the flower garden with the benefits of it. What plants to choose in the composition, so that they are consistently decorative, have healing properties, and on occasion they could be served to the table to surprised guests? Spicy aromatic plants will come to the rescue

Many of the fragrant plants have decorative foliage and spectacular flowering. Since not all of them are equally winter-hardy and some of them are grown as an annual crop, it is advisable to purchase seeds for seedlings.

MULTIBIKE

This perennial fragrant plant is valued for the aroma of flowers, leaves, seeds, used in cooking as a spice, the leaves are added to tea. Overwinter with shelter. The plant will exude incense during hot midday hours, filling the air with essential oils and improving it. If you like its aroma, drop it off in places of rest, under windows, along the path, at the gate, on the porch. On the packages with its seeds, such names as “Mexican mint” and “Korean mint” are most often encountered; this is a multicolored Mexican and M. wrinkled, respectively. You can meet! "Name" lofant "," agastahe. " There are many varieties to choose from. You can sow in May immediately in open ground, in this case bloom in September.

SAGE

Sage has a delicate, gentle unobtrusive aroma, more noticeable when rubbing parts of a plant. It is optimal to plant with roses: it is believed that the mixing of their aromas is noble. In general, sage combines well with almost all plants that are similar to it in terms of its requirements for growing conditions. In flower beds organic w. oakwood Salvia officinalis is more suitable for aromatic beds (it is worth considering that it winters problematically). Among the annuals is interesting ethereal culture - w. spanish, called chia.

TIME OF DAY AND SMELL OF FLOWERS

Complement your aromatic planting with fragrant flowers.

The time of their active flavor may vary during the day. So, petunia, mattiola, pelargonium, carnation, fragrant tobacco in the afternoon smell faintly; with the onset of twilight, their aroma intensifies, increasing by midnight. Lilies and roses actively exude scent during the day.

Thus, the aromas of flowers can replace each other, filling the garden depending on the time of day.

SAGEBRUSH

For the garden of great value is such a plant as wormwood. Today, the choice presented enough varieties p. Ordinary and p. Bitter. To love her is for what. Its leaves, which have a strong aroma, are used as a spice and flavor, it has medicinal properties, and is also good as an insecticidal, antibacterial and antimicrobial agent.

It can be planted in the garden on a separate garden where it will scare away the pests of garden crops. (Just take care of limiting its growing rhizomes.) On the basis of wormwood, you can make infusions and spray the plants; crushed stems - mulch planting. For flower beds, the following types of wormwood are suitable: Schmidt, Stelle-ra. n. Louisiana and their varieties.

MONADA

Apart from perennial species wintering in central Russia, there is lemon monard, grown as an annual. It is interesting for its spicy harmonious aroma with a lemon note. There are many varieties on sale: 'Mona Lisa', 'Lemon Aroma', 'Lemon Diana', 'Harlequin' and others, among which you can choose plants by height and tonus flower. Seedlings are sown in April. Plants bloom since July.

CAPTURE HEADER

Another aromatic plant - serpentine. The leaves are more fragrant than the flowers; with a slight lemon scent. In cooking use h. Moldovan, in another way it is called "Turkish Melissa." Types of serpentine about 40. More common h. Ruysha, h. grandiflora and h. foreign. In varying degrees, the citrus fragrance of foliage and flowers is inherent in all of them, although to a lesser extent than in s. Moldavian. The plant has healing properties. You can make baths, brew tea for a light lemon taste.

PERILLA

In ornamental floriculture, one species is used - the n. Shrub Nanking, or the vegetable p. The name "Japanese parsley" is found. Has varieties with spectacularly colored foliage.

Among a sufficient number of cultivars, you can choose plants with different unusual flavors. For example, grade

'Red Mint' has the aroma of coriander, cinnamon and citrus; the variety Rosinka has greens with an unusual mild flavor, in which there are tones of caramel, anise and pepper vibrato. It looks spectacular in flower beds depending on height, if you are not going to cut it to the table. Leaves can be salted and pickled, and also used in dried form as a fragrant seasoning.

CLASSIFICATION OF AROMAS

In the world of plants odors have a gradation. From the perspective of the attitude of people towards them, there are:

• unpleasant (like blooming rafflesia),
• neutral (barberry, elderberry, viburnum),
• pleasant (lily of the valley, roses),
• specific odors (rosemary, valerian, marigold).

When creating an aromatic garden, you should first of all focus on your own preferences. Choose the main plant - I will accept the garden - and select the environment for it.

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HEALING CHAIN ​​AND USEFUL PLANTS IN THE GARDEN

What kind of plants are not in our garden!

Each has his own character, his own needs. Some grow as if nothing had happened, others require additional attention to themselves. It also happened that some "stubborn" did not at all take root. But we patiently overcome all difficulties, find the time to carefully look after our pets, because we have seen that plants surrounded by love will certainly thank the harvest.

Tibetan Lofant

For five years we managed to collect a collection of rare plants. Among them - aniseed and Tibetan lofant, clary sage, yams Chinese, yakon ...

Tibetan lofant is a perennial herb up to 1,5 m high. It is mainly cultivated in the countries of the subtropical and tropical zones. Lofant is a heat-loving and drought-tolerant plant; it loves light fertilized soils. The aerial part of the lofant has a sharp, but not intrusive aroma and a spicy sweet taste. Lofant is a good honey plant, the pleasant aroma of the plant attracts bees. If you prepare the plant at the end of the flowering phase, its smell will persist for several years.

Lofant is an effective remedy for many diseases. It has a stimulating effect on digestion, has bactericidal properties. The plant is able to remove toxins from the body, strengthen the immune system, slow down the aging process of cells.

We use young lofant leaves in salads, okroshka, sauces, for the preparation of vegetable, meat and fish dishes. The aerial part, collected at the beginning of flowering and dried, is used as a seasoning, which gives the dishes a lemon aroma and spicy taste. If you brew 1 teaspoon of dried and chopped leaves with a coffee grinder in a glass of water and infuse for 10 minutes, you get a truly fertile drink. Using it regularly, you will retain youth for a long time. From lofant we also prepare alcohol tincture for the treatment of hypertension.

Due to its aromatic and healing properties, this plant is often used in the manufacture of a variety of cosmetics.

In addition, lofant is an ornamental plant. He can decorate a personal garden or a summer cottage.

Clary - biennial herb up to 1,2 m high.

It loves light and warmth, but not demanding on the soil. In the spring, we sow it early, as soon as the snow melts, since the shoots of clary sage can withstand frosts of -6 ° C. The leaves and inflorescences of this sage are very fragrant and resemble the smell of nutmeg.

The plant is readily visited by bees.

We use clary sage in cooking fresh and dried, when pickling vegetables, fish, meat, as well as for flavoring fruit compotes and other products. Fresh young leaves and flowers can be added to salads as a flavoring, and also used to decorate various dishes. In folk medicine, decoctions and infusions of clary sage grass are recommended for tachycardia (heart palpitations) and gastric diseases.

We collect grass during the flowering period.

We connect the stems into small bundles and dry them by hanging them in the shade.

The dried plants are stored in a dark, dry room or chopped and placed in a tightly closed container. □ The bottom of the most amazing cultures in our garden is Chinese yams. The aerial part of this plant resembles a vine, and large purple tubers with white flesh are formed underground. They contain a lot of starch and proteins, can be stored up to one year. Individual specimens reach 5-8 kg. Yams are cooked in the same way as potatoes: they are boiled, fried or baked. Yams tubers lower cholesterol, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, prevent the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques. This plant is also part of many dietary supplements, which are recommended for people who have had a stroke, as well as obese. 100 g of tubers of this plant contains approximately 118 kcal.

Yakon is a beautiful compact plant with a high stem. Its fragrant and crispy tubers combine the taste of apple, melon and pear at the same time. Yakon has unique properties and serves as an indispensable product for those who suffer from diabetes. In addition to fructose, the tubers of the yacon contain protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, a lot of potassium and selenium. In addition, they do not need to be cooked, just peel the tubers - and use them for health.

To get a good harvest of yakon tubers, you need to know its features. Firstly, this plant is very delicate, afraid of frost, at a temperature of -1 ° C it dies.

Secondly, it loves loose fertile soils saturated with organic matter. In addition, the yakon requires regular and plentiful watering. Fortunately, this plant is shade tolerant, its

Yakon can be grown anywhere in the garden.

The yakon surprises with its intensive growth in August, when the stems thicken, forming lateral shoots. Unfortunately, we never managed to achieve its flowering - our climatic conditions are far from those in which the yakon grows in its historical homeland. There, the yakon is a perennial plant, and here we have an annual plant. Therefore, you have to grow it in seedlings and take care of it like a small child. The material for the breeding of the yacon is its specific rhizome, but juicy tasty tubers do not have kidneys, and therefore are not suitable for reproduction.

In the period from late May to mid-August, we use the aerial part of the yakon as pet food. Its large dark green leaves contain up to 16% protein in terms of dry weight, and after cutting it grows new juicy shoots.

Tobacco in the garden

Tobacco also grows in our garden - a culture whose values ​​were known to the Aztecs. We sow tobacco seeds for seedlings in early March. We place the seed for a day on a napkin moistened with water and a Vitazim biostimulator. This accelerates the emergence of seedlings for a week and contributes to the development of a powerful root system of plants. For growing seedlings, we use special cassettes to do without picking, because tobacco seedlings are very sensitive. Water the mixture, water the seeds, and sprinkle them with a thin layer of substrate. On the fourth day

seedlings appear. Plant care consists in daily watering, fertilizing with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.

Planted in the open ground at the age of 3 5 -4 0 days, by this time some of them already have a sixth leaf. The distance between tobacco plants is 5 0 -6 0 cm.

In each hole we place a two-year compost of leaves and other organics, which is available on the infield (flower stems, small branches, currant leaves, raspberries). The process of decomposition of organic residues is accelerated using a unique biological product, pouring water on a compost pit as necessary. Plants are very responsive to mineral fertilizers when watering. An important role is played by foliar top dressing with potassium humates and a promising American biostimulator of a new generation of Vitazim. Preventive treatment against diseases and pests is not carried out.

By the end of August, tobacco grows to 2 m and blooms profusely with beautiful pink flowers, filling everything around with a pleasant aroma. After a month, seed bunches appear at the place of flowers - a sign that it is time for tobacco leaves to be collected and dried.

Four varieties of tobacco were grown last season. Virginia Gold is a mid-late variety. The plant is beautiful, with light yellow leaves and bright pink flowers, reaches 2 m in height and has a delicate pleasant aroma. The variety is universal.

Grade DArc Strong It is considered the second most popular in the world. A plant with very wide dark green leaves, reaches 2 m in height. Unlike other varieties, tolerates a dry climate well and manages to give a decent crop in the heat.

The Turkish variety has long been acclimatized in Ukrainian conditions. The bush is 1,5-1,9 m high, the leaves are light green. The variety is high-yielding, disease resistant.

American 14 - a variety of medium ripening. A plant with dark green arched leaves reaches 1,7 m in height. The variety is resistant to drought and disease.

What marvelous, unusual plants nature has created! Opening them for ourselves and other people, we make our world brighter and kinder.

© Author: Alexander VELENTY, p. Kiselevka, Chernihiv region

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THIS GARDEN WILL HEAL THE PEOPLE

I would like to set up a so-called pharmaceutical garden on the site in order to receive medicinal plants, as they say, without leaving home. How to start this work?

Margarita Veniaminovna CHIZHIKOVA, Stavropol Territory, Mineralnye Vody

CRITERIAS OF CHOICE

Indeed, many medicinal plants can be grown in your country or backyard. But first you should decide on a set of plants for the pharmacy garden. There are two criteria here:

• herbs with certain properties necessary for the treatment of family members, and possibly other relatives and friends;
• soil and climate.

The last criterion is very important: the climate "decides" whether the herbs you need can grow in a particular climate zone. For example, in Siberia or in the north, Dioscorea, rosemary and arnica will not take root. And in the south you can’t grow Icelandic moss, fireweed and lingonberries. Some restrictions on the choice of medicinal plants are imposed by the nature of the soil. For example, cudweed grows only in swamps. Almost all herbs like meadow or forest humus and black earth, but they do not like clay soil.

Plants that are unable to withstand harsh winters can be grown in pots or containers, providing raw materials all year round. In the summer they are taken to the site, but in winter they are returned to the house and grown on the windowsill as a houseplant.

Note

Seeds of such popular medicinal plants as valerian, verbena, elecampane, oregano, St. John's wort, chervil, mullein, lofant, lemon balm, various types of mint, chamomile, sage, are already offered by many stationary and online stores.

BEGINNING OF WORK

In general, caring for a pharmacy garden does not differ from caring for growing vegetable products. The site for planting is recommended to be prepared before winter. It must be dug up, carefully choosing the roots of weeds. After that, you should immediately break the beds.

In winter, you can pick up seeds, decide on the purchase of seedlings, draw up a plan for the location of plants. It is also desirable to study the properties of selected crops, agricultural technology and planting dates. So, herbs differ in relation to sunlight. Melissa, mint, catnip, veronica, meadowsweet, monarda, lovage prefer to grow in partial shade. At the same time, St. John's wort, yarrow, sage, thyme, wormwood, elecampane, chamomile need sunlight.

DESIGN OF APTECOR GARDEN

The classic style of the apothecary's garden - small areas of geometric shapes. It can be round, square and rectangular flower beds, an interesting composition is obtained if 7-8 elongated triangles are placed around a small round “spot” in sectors to make a kind of “sun”. Plants sown here with yellow flowers will give a complete resemblance to the luminary: common tansy, St. However, for contrast, plants with flowers of other tones, such as blue, can also be planted here.

Flax, bergenia, thyme, lavender can become decoration. If you plan to plant several types of plants on the same bed, then you need to study the basic principles of landscape design. For example, tall bushes should be interspersed with short ones, do not allow the neighborhood of fast-fading and long-flowering crops, do not plant those plants that need to be dug up next to those that value the upper part.

Herbalist Alexander Vladimirovich GOLOVKOV answered the question of the reader, Krasnodar Territory, Armavir

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© Author: A.Urvachev

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