Diseases of decorative perennials - prevention and control
IF YOUR MULTI-YEAR FIGURES HAVE BURNED - SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
All diseases of ornamental perennials can be divided into several large groups.
The first is associated with the initial lesion of the root system, which includes various types of root rot - gray rot, fusariosis, verticillosis and snow mold. The second group consists of various spots, primarily leaf spots and sometimes stems. You can also separately highlight the familiar powdery mildew, rust and viral diseases.
Many infections persist in the fall on plant residues, so careful cleaning before winter is so important.
In the spring on peonies, phlox and other perennials you can see brown spotscovering the stems. If there is a wet weather, a furry gray plaque of the mycelium is formed.
These are the signs gray rot.
See also: How to store perennials at home - do everything RIGHT
Further, the rot spreads both to the petals and to the buds, which wither before they open. On pions in the second half of the summer may appear blurry spots. The disease is favored by high humidity combined with low temperature and excessive nitrogen nutrition. This disease can often be found in greenhouses, where the pathogen is perfectly preserved in the uninfected parts of the structures. In addition, gray rot, like any disease, affects mainly weakened plants.
On the chrysanthemums, astrakhs, phloxes, fusarium wilt is also common, when suddenly the upper parts of the shoots or the whole stem droop, the leaves fade, and if you cut off the affected shoot, then on the cut you can see the blackened vessels.
Fusarium is often observed in plantings on acidic soils.
As in the case of gray rot, the fungus pathogen winters in plant residues and soil. One of the measures to prevent fusariosis is liming of acidic soils, as well as pickling the root system of perennials before planting in a chemical mixture (Topsin, Fundazol, Maxim) and biological fungicides (Alirin, Trichocin).
To the same group of diseases belongs and verticillium wilt.
Visually it looks like fusariosis, but it develops more slowly, the middle of the inflorescence becomes brown at the same time. Preventive measures are similar to those for fusariosis. When the first signs of diseases appear, soil strains with fungicides "Fundazol", "Topsin" are effective. "Bayleton", "Falcon".
Among leaf spots, the most common are diseases such as Fomoz, Askochitosis, Septoria, Alternaria, Cladosporium. They are caused by different types of fungi from the deuteromycete department. The leaves of diseased plants lose decorativeness and prematurely end their life cycle. Spots are especially widespread in warm rainy weather by airborne droplets.
All Types of spotting differ from each other in shape, size and color of spots, localized on the upper side of the sheet.
On the lower occasion you can notice a brown patch of fungus sporulation with cladosporium. Fungicides of the copper group (1% copper sulfate, Abiga-pic, Hom and Cartiocide), as well as system fungicides (Skor, Forecast, Topsin- M "),
Well known to all powdery mildew is a real scourge of phloxes, especially varietal. Leaves, stems and inflorescences of affected plants are covered with white coating, later the leaves curl and fall, the flowers remain underdeveloped or deformed.
For the prevention of this disease, it is necessary to cut off the faded stems in autumn without fail, and burn the affected plants.
When vegetation begins, plants genetically predisposed to this disease should be sprayed with systemic fungicides (Bayleton, Benomil, Prognoz, Topaz) once every two weeks. Of the contact fungicides against powdery mildew, the drug Tiovit Jet (30 g per 10 liters of water) is effective, but it must be treated in the temperature range + 18 ... + 27 ° C.
At lower temperatures, it is simply ineffective. In addition to suppressing powdery mildew, the drug also has an acaricidal effect, that is, it destroys herbivorous ticks. Another well-known and unpleasant disease - rust - can often be seen on peony, as it is an intermediate host of the pathogen (the main one is ordinary pine, from which the fungus migrates to peony in mid-summer). If there are pine trees on the site, then it is advisable to observe the geographical isolation between them and the peony plantings.
On the Peonies rust can be recognized by orange outgrowths on the underside of the leaf. The drugs used to control rust are the same as those against powdery mildews. Plus, it is necessary to monitor the sufficient phosphorus-potassium nutrition of plants and from the second half of summer to limit the supply of nitrogen to plants.
Potassium monophosphate (10 gna 10l water) and "Phytofert finish" (1 spoon per Yul) can be used from the phosphoric-potassium complex fertilizers for foliar top dressing. With solutions of these preparations it makes sense to feed plants 3-4 times from the second half of July with an interval of 2 weeks.
In connection with the appearance in the Russian nurseries of a large number of plants brought from abroad, more and more viral and phytoplasmal diseases.
These include jaundice, curly hair, variegation and flakiness of phlox, ring spot, dwarfism and seedlessness of chrysanthemums, peony mosaic, necrotic spotting and variegation of tulips.
Many viral and phytoplasma diseases are transferred by insect pests (aphids, cicadas and nematodes) and transmitted during vegetative propagation (for example, cuttings propagation). Therefore, it is important to take planting material from checked queen cells and carry out the fight against insect pests.
The protection scheme for decorative herbaceous perennials during the season may look as follows. In spring, in April, a soil spill with fungicides (Fundazol, Maxim, Previkur Energy, Carbendazim) for the prevention of root rot.
In May - spraying plants with a tank mixture of Clipper + Prognosis + “Zircon” or “Epin” preparations. In June - the same treatment with a mixture of "Aktara" + "Strobi". In August - Decis Profi + Fundazol. Processing (spraying) can be supplemented depending on the condition of the plants. If herbivorous mites are spotted on them, additional spraying with Fitoverm, Kemifos or special acaricides (Omayt, Sanmayt, Apollo, Nissoran and others) can be carried out.
See also: Diseases and pests of garden flowers: from A to Z
PROTECTION OF PLANTS FROM DISEASES AND PESTS - VIDEO
© Author: Ksenia Ishevskaya
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