Spring garlic - the most common diseases and pests (PHOTO + TITLE + DESCRIPTION)
DISEASES AND PESTS OF THE YARN GARLIC
Many consider spring garlic more capricious and unstable to diseases and pests. However, this is not so, he is not sick any more than garlic winter wheat.
About the most common diseases, we were asked to tell T. MEDIED, senior researcher at the Laboratory of Selection and Seed-breeding of onion crops of the FGBNUFNTSO.
Spring garlic has the same diseases as winter. The most popular are penicillosis and mosaic. But if penicillosis appears only during storage, then the mosaic - during the growing season. The disease is viral, it affects the entire plant. At the beginning of the growing season, the leaves turn yellow, then curl, you can find a longitudinal streak in the form of pale yellow stripes. Plants are oppressed, develop poorly, form small unripe bulbs. At the first sign of disease, plants are burned. The virus is preserved in the affected teeth, ticks are the carriers.
A very common disease is garlic fusarium. Hot and humid weather is favorable for him. The first signs of the disease are yellowing and death of the leaves starting from the upper part. If you dig up such a plant, you can see that the bulb, starting from the bottom, began to rot. The causative agent of the disease is a broad-profile pathogen and affects, in addition to garlic, onions, cruciferous and pumpkin crops, tomatoes, corn and other plants.
To prevent disease, strictly observe the crop rotation and use only healthy planting material. The diseased plants are removed and burned together with a clod of earth. Remember: the pathogen remains in the affected plant remains and soil for a long time. Decontaminate beds can be using drugs containing spores of soil fungus of the genus trichoderma.
Of the pests on spring garlic, a nematode and ticks (onion root and garlic) are noted. The stem nematode is a quarantine pest. It penetrates plants from infected soil, laying a huge number of eggs in them. The control of the nematode is difficult: non-maticides acting on this type of pest are not allowed for private household plots. Therefore, when the first signs of the disease appear, the affected plants (during the season)
mercilessly cull and burn. To improve the planting material, it is necessary to observe the crop rotation: you can return garlic to the same place no earlier than 4-5 years. Planting material (if this is a particularly valuable variety) is heated in hot water (45-50 °) for 15-20 min. The effectiveness of this method increases if the bulbs are pre-soaked in water for 2 h. With such heat treatment, pests will die, and healthy bulbs will not lose their germination.
Onion root tick infects onions and garlic both in storage and in the field. The mites settle on the edges of the bulb's bottom, penetrate inside and feed on fleshy scales. To reduce the harmfulness of the onion root tick, along with other preventive and agrotechnical measures, garlic is heated before storage for storage at temperatures up to 40 ° for 5-6 days.
Garlic mite is dangerous only for garlic.
See also: Landing of winter garlic, its cultivation and varieties - from A to Z
How to recognize a pest?
On bulbs under dry scales are found a little depressed green or yellow spots. Such bulbs often germinate during storage. Of the control measures, it can be advised to dry and disinfect the garlic well before storing it.
Potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper, as well as sugar and table beets, cucumbers and other pumpkin, carrots, parsnips, sunflowers, some types of cereals and legumes, hops and mint are crops that are not suitable for onions and garlic, susceptible to stem nematode.
It is worth getting rid of such weeds as nettles, dandelions, wood lice, thistles - they can also be the reservoir of infection. Of decorative cultures, cases of infection of gladioli, dahlias, tulips and irises have been noted. Dry and cool vegetation seasons are unfavorable for the pest, and the disease may have a hidden form.
GARLIC DISEASES - VIDEO
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Many summer residents use garlic to control pests. But they rarely write about garlic itself. Despite the fact that garlic is a natural phytoncide, it can also be sick.
About six years ago, my garlic was spotted by a root mite. The mite larvae eat away the flesh and roots of the garlic, the cloves dry and turn into black dust. First, I tried to do without chemistry and poured wormwood decoction over the planting of garlic (1 kg of wormwood herb per 5 liters of water, infused for 6 days). After filtering, it was diluted with water 1: 10. But I did not notice any visible results. Then I bought a toxic chemical "Tagor" and processed the plantings according to the instructions. As a result, I still saved part of the harvest, but for the whole winter we did not have enough garlic, we had to buy Chinese in the store.
A few years later, our garlic was attacked by a night nematode stalk. This pest causes drying, head rot and leaf deformation. Neighbors at the dacha advised to use a decoction of tobacco.
I took 500 g of tobacco dust and boiled it in 5 liters of water for 2 hours. After that I filtered it, increased the volume to 10 liters with water and sprayed the planting. After two weeks, the spraying was repeated. As a result, the harvest was saved. Now, before planting the garlic, I add the preparation "Nematicide Vidat 5G" to the soil and I no longer come across a nematode.
There are also such pests of garlic as thrips. They feed on the sap of green leaves, hibernate in soil or dry vegetation. To avoid this scourge, for prevention, I treat the planting of garlic with a mixture of ash and ground pepper or a mixture of ash and dry mustard. In addition, I plant beds with carrots next to them - thrips are afraid of its smell. As a last resort, I advise you to use insecticides "Vermitek" and "Karate".
Since many pathogens live in the earth for a long time, I change the places of garlic planting every year. In the garden where diseased plants grew, I never plant root crops. I plant legumes at this place.
To avoid these and other diseases, I pickle the garlic before planting with the preparation of fungicidal and insecticidal action "Select Top KS". It is designed to protect against all types of ground and underground pests and their larvae, as well as against fungal, seed and underground infections.
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Garlic leaves this year were covered with orange speckled spots. I have never encountered such a disease.
What kind of attack and how to fight it?
Veniamin Aleksandrovich SIDELNIKOV, Leningrad Region, Lodeynoye Pole
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This is the rust of garlic - a disease in which orange-yellow, skin-covered swellings appear on the surface of the leaves, which then burst and orange spores spill out of them. With a severe defeat, the leaves dry out early, the crop drops sharply.
Most often, this ailment appears as a reaction to the negligence of gardeners who do not adhere to the laws of agricultural engineering. Thus, failure to observe crop rotation, when garlic and onions are grown in the same place from year to year, almost always due to the accumulation of pathogenic fungi in the soil, there is an outbreak of rust. If you do not remove the plant remains for the winter in which the spores settle, the disease will inevitably descend next season.
Anti-rusting is effective against dressing before formalin solution with a formalin solution (1 part 40% drug on 250 parts of water). The garlic cloves are poured into a canvas bag, which is immersed in the solution for 10 minutes. Then it is taken out, time is given for the liquid to drain, and it is tightly wrapped in a plastic film for an hour. After that, the teeth are scattered and dried.
At the first signs of illness, the leaves of plants and the ground around them can be sprayed with an 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or HOM fungicide. But this can be done no later than 3 weeks before harvesting garlic.
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During the long years of gardening, I could not manage to grow large and beautiful spring garlic. Although winter has always grown well, despite the fact that I did not indulge him in any way. Yes, I don’t change the place of planting, I don’t water it in the summer, I don’t fertilize it with anything, except in the autumn I put chicken droppings on the garden bed mixed with the ground. And winter garlic is growing beautifully, but spring, no matter how hard I tried, grew out of figs. Until one day in the market I met a woman who sold large garlic.
Valentina said that her garlic loves lush beds, very early planting, good care for loosening and watering. I bought a few heads from her and followed all her advice. Lit up to grow garlic the size of a mandarin. And that's what happened (see photo).
In February, I put garlic on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. Digged a small bed (approximately 1,2 × 2,2 m), sowed oats. Early in spring, she loosened with a plane cutter, sprinkled with ash. Not watering: the ground was already wet. A week before planting, she took out the cloves and planted them in a container filled with sawdust. Sawdust spilled with hot water with potassium permanganate (raspberry-colored solution). Very quickly, the teeth started up, and green sprouts appeared.
And then on April 7, I planted the garlic. When the plants reached a height of 10-12 cm, she carried out loosening. Valentina said that she feeds her garlic twice with fertilizer for onions and garlic. I didn’t apply fertilizer, considering that ash would be enough: there are a lot of microelements in it. Of course, good advice is to add peat and some sand to the soil, but I didn’t have this well, so I decided to get by.
For a whole summer, I watched my little bed: polola, watered, loosened the flat-cutter aisle. Garlic grew beautiful, pleasing to the eye. At the beginning of August, the heads were dug up a little, but they didn’t expose much, they were not very large yet. So, must still be poured. And only in September, when the leaves fell and began to turn yellow, I dug up garlic.
Harvest made me happy, the garlic worked out perfectly! She left the largest heads for landing next year, the rest she left for food. The conclusion is that you always need to believe in yourself, in your own strength and not shy away from other people's good advice. As the saying goes, you just want to - and everything will work out.