Golden Currant - Planting and Care: SPECIALIST TIPS
Contents ✓
HOW TO GROW CRANDAL - GOLDEN FINE
Everyone knows and appreciates black, red and white currants. But only a few are familiar with another representative of this family - currant golden. What is this plant?
FEATURES OF GOLDEN CREAM
This perennial weakly branched shrub up to 2,5 m in height (or a tree on a trunk to 80 cm in height) blooms early. Not afraid of heat, cold, wind, gas pollution. With the exception of heavy clay soils it grows on any soils, including poor, stony, saline and calcareous. Excellent fruit, even in partial shade. However, the plant does not tolerate close occurrence of groundwater.
To increase the yield of golden currant is best to plant next to at least two shrubs of different varieties that could pollinate each other. Science recommended Uzbekistan large-fruited, Dense-rich, Kishmishnaya, Dust-lik (Friendship). All these varieties are winter-hardy, drought-resistant, self-fertile.
With proper care, golden currant can bear fruit for about 20 years.
Council
Golden currant is a relatively exotic crop for us, so beware of buying seedlings in illegal markets and with your hands - it is very likely that they can plant plants of a completely different kind.
Note
The name “golden” this currant was received not for the color of the fruits, which are most often dark brown, purple and even black, but for the golden-yellow color of the flowers collected in the brush. They are very fragrant, attract a large number of bees.
BUSH OR TREE?
With the usual cultivation of golden currants, it can take a significant area. For example, I saw a two-meter bush, which due to the numerous root shoots occupied almost 5 square meters. m
But you can grow this culture, while maintaining its decorative and saving space on the site, in the form of shtambovy tree. For this purpose, they choose a two-year-old sapling with a high and even trunk. Be sure to remove all the kidneys below 80 cm from ground level. Formed root shoots are cut annually.
See also: Cultivation of golden currant by organic technology
REPRODUCTION OF THE GOLDEN CREAM
For reproduction golden currant using the same methods as for its "sisters". This is done using cuttings, layering or root scions. Lignified cuttings (from the growth of this year) are harvested up to 30 cm in length, removing undisclosed tops. Landing is best done at the beginning of autumn. Before this, the cuttings are soaked in water for 2-3 days, planted in a substrate consisting of equal parts of peat, humus, sand and soil, and watered until late autumn.
The technology of reproduction by horizontal and arcuate layers is like for red currants. In the first case, strong annual shoots are laid in the grooves, in the second - in the fossa. When breeding root shoots are used only own-rooted varieties.
Reproduction by seeds is a very troublesome and lengthy procedure, and even with unpredictable results. Therefore, in amateur gardening, it is practically not used.
LANDING OF GOLDEN CREAM
It is best to plant golden currants in early spring or autumn, when frost is still far away. Seedlings with a closed root system are suitable for planting throughout the season - from spring to autumn.
Optimal experienced gardeners consider autumn planting. For 20-30 days before, you should carefully dig up the area on 40 cm in depth. Beforehand, scatter 1-2 kg of manure (peat compost can be used), 4 g of superphosphate, 6 g of potassium salt for digging to the depth of the arable horizon (45 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium salt to the depth of the arable horizon) -20 cm).
Seedlings are placed in planting pits about 50 × 50 cm in size and with a distance of about 2 m between them. Plants are planted 5-7 cm deeper than they grew in the nursery. The aerial part of the shoots is shortened, leaving 2-4 developed buds on the surface. After planting, seedlings are abundantly watered, and the soil under them is mulched with peat or humus.
CARE FOR GOLDEN CURRANT
In the future, the soil under the crown of the bush must be kept clean from weeds condition. During the fruiting period, the plants should be fed twice (per 1 square meters) with nitrogen (20 g) or complex fertilizers (30 g). In dry years, especially during the period of intensive growth of shoots and ovaries, plants are watered at the rate of 20-30 l / sq. m. Watering is useful to combine with liquid feeding.
Usually the first berries appear in the second year. The maximum yield is given by branches aged 3-5 years. Note that they bear fruit longer than black currants, which periodically need to rejuvenate.
FORMING AND CUTTING OF GOLDEN CREAM
Unlike black and red “relatives”, the main crop of golden currants is formed on 3-4-year-old wood. This dictates the rules for pruning plants. In the spring of the second year, they begin to form a bush, removing weak branches under the root and cutting the rest to the fifth kidney, which contributes to branching. In the third year, the tops of strong shoots of basal shoots are removed - from them next year fruit-bearing branches will develop. A properly formed bush should have 12-15 (and better - 20-30) mature branches of different ages. Every year, branches older than 4-5 years should be cut, which must be replaced by strong basal shoots. For better branching, they are shortened by a third of the length.
At the same time in the spring, before the start of sap flow and bud break, they remove broken, weak, curving branches lying on the ground, as well as frozen tops of the main shoots.
Council
On golden currant once in 2-3, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning, so that the bush is normally ventilated and illuminated.
COLLECTION
Berries even in one brush ripen at the same time, usually in the second half of July. When harvesting, depending on the plant variety, two mutually exclusive methods can be used: pick berries selectively - only those that have reached full maturity, or cut whole brushes if the berries are firmly connected to the stem. Usually an adult bush gives 6-8 kg of fruit.
Dangerous disease
Golden currant is resistant to such diseases as American powdery mildew, viral terry, septoria. She is not disturbed by glass butterflies, bud mites, berry sawflies, even omnipresent aphids usually bypass plants.
However, the bushes can be affected by a fungal disease such as verticillin wilt of the leaves. In early summer, the fungus can settle on 1-2-year-old branches: their leaves turn yellow or fade green, and the shoots themselves die off. What can be done to prevent the spread of the disease? Withered branches must be cut, dead bushes uprooted - and burn everything. It should be noted that the cultivar of Uzbekistan is the most susceptible to the disease, and Dense meat is not affected at all.
See also: Currant golden (photo) - planting reproduction and care
Benefits and taste
Golden currant berries are rich in carotene, vitamins Bs, C and E, sugars, organic acids, pectin, tannins, salts of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Like other types of currant, this plant helps with fever, constipation, promotes the excretion of uric acid salts from the body, as well as heavy metals, including radioactive ones.
Fresh berries are sweet, with a refreshing sourness. Of these, you can cook fragrant fillings for pies, excellent jam and assorted jam with the addition of black, red currant or gooseberry. In addition, berries can be frozen for future use, freezing.
Note
In the use of berries of golden currant there are contraindications: gastric and duodenal ulcer, acute gastritis and hepatitis. You should not brew tea with leaves and young shoots, as well as use the leaves in the marinade for seaming because they contain compounds of hydrocyanic acid.
© Author: Victor Naumovich RUSSIAN
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Tell us about golden currants. I consider it rather an ornamental shrub. Are there fruit varieties?
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Indeed, this view looks very beautiful. If you want to achieve the maximum decorative effect, then place a jacket from 3-5 bushes of golden currant on the background of dark purple foliage of red-leafed hazelnuts, for example, Akademik Yablokov, or silver sea-buckthorn. In combination with dark green foliage of lilac, golden currants are also appropriate. But she is able to please the hosts and a good harvest.
Berries from selected forms and varieties of golden currants of medium size, when compared with the best varieties of black currant. Ripen, as a rule, later than most berry plants, at the same time and can crumble. The berries are very diverse in color: there are bushes with yellow, reddish, brown and black fruits. They contain slightly less vitamin C than blackcurrant (maximum 75 mg per 100 g of berries), but they are champions among currants in vitamin A content - up to 5 mg per 100 g. The taste of berries is pleasant, but peculiar without that aroma which is inherent in blackcurrant. Golden currants are self-fertile, so you need to plant together bushes of different varieties or seedlings.
There are already many varieties in the State Register - 23, there are plenty to choose from. In 2019, the August night variety was included in the selection of the Federal Scientific Center named after I.V. Michurina (Michurinsk).
Golden currants come from North America. An unpretentious shrub up to 2 m high stands out among the congeners by winter hardiness, heat resistance, drought resistance. It is not susceptible to diseases common to black and red currants, it is not damaged by a kidney tick.
Golden currant blooms late, when there is less threat of frost. She is a beautiful honey plant and very elegant at the time of flowering, when hung with tassels of golden, rather large flowers. The peculiar autumn coloring of the leaves also makes these bushes attractive right up to complete leaf fall.
Planting and caring for golden currants do not differ from the corresponding agricultural technology of black and red currants. But golden currants can be placed both in the upper part of the slope and in more arid places, since it is less moisture-loving than black.
The distance between plants should be 2-2,5 m, since the bushes of golden currants are larger than black ones.
Varietal golden currant propagates by layering and cuttings. During seed propagation, the seeds are sown before winter or stratified until spring in the refrigerator. With this method of reproduction, varietal characters are not preserved.
L. KALUGINA, agronomist
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I remember that several years in a row the summer was abnormally hot, and the black currant, which does not tolerate heat, began to disappear in many gardens. We consistently gives a good harvest.
Since the currant root system negatively perceives overheating of the soil, the bushes on the open area are pritened with a special net. In addition, they noticed that a currant grows better when its bushes are located at a distance of 70 cm and they themselves shade each other. In the heat increased watering. And to preserve moisture, the soil under the plants was compounded with compost.
Landing
We plant currants in autumn (September-October), and in spring (as the soil thaws). We try to choose a place for her so that at midday she is in partial shade. When sowing, we plant on 5-10 cm when planting (hereafter, root shoots are formed from buds buried in the ground) and cut off the aerial part at a height of 20 cm from the soil in order to enhance the development of lateral branches and root shoots. The first three years after planting the currant bushes are no longer pruned, and starting from the fourth year, we cut out the oldest branches near the ground every season. As a result, we remove about a fourth of the bush - this stimulates the growth of young shoots, on which the main crop is formed.