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WHAT MANURE AND OTHER ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR WHICH TO APPLY - FEATURES AND PR.

THE NEED FOR USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, THEIR TYPES AND METHODS OF APPLICATION TELLS SERGEY BATOV, CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES.

Plant nutrition is associated with soil fertility. In its simplest form, fertility is considered as the presence of nutrients that can be absorbed and absorbed by plants. These are micro and macro elements, of which the most important are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). They are based on the industrial production and use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture.

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Mineral Fertilizers are artificial chemicals, and their excessive use in most cases does not lead to an increase in yield, but, on the contrary, contributes to soil salinization and the death of agriculture. Understanding soil chemistry and plant physiology makes one wonder about the need for intensive organic fertilizer use.

Unlike minerals, they are the result of the natural activity of microorganisms.

Whether it is manure or vermicompost, but to be accessible to plants, this “raw material” must be processed by bacteria and fungi. It is such recycled organic fertilizers that increase soil fertility, prevent it from souring or salinization, increase plant resistance to diseases and contribute to an increase in yield.

According to the efficiency of use, organic fertilizers can be arranged in the following order: manure, compost, vermicompost. I would not include horse peat in this series. This is a valuable organic fertilizer, but of a very short duration - nutrients from peat are absorbed in 6-8 months. Then such a substrate requires replacement. In addition, the grower is faced with constantly changing qualities of this fertilizer (acidity, NPK), which must be adjusted with mineral additives.

Mineral fertilizers are artificial chemicals, and their excessive use in most cases does not lead to an increase in yield, but, on the contrary, contributes to soil clogging and the loss of agriculture. Understanding soil chemistry and plant physiology makes one think about the need for intensive use of organic fertilizers. Unlike minerals, they are the result of the natural activity of microorganisms. Whether it is manure or vermicompost, but to be accessible to plants, this “raw material” must be processed by bacteria and fungi. It is such recycled organic fertilizers that increase soil fertility, prevent it from souring or salinization, increase plant resistance to diseases and contribute to an increase in yield.

What are the pitfalls here? Fresh manure has a high moisture content due to urine and a relatively low level of decomposition of organic matter. It increases the content of the acidic form of nitrogen, easily converted into oxides and released into the atmosphere. When using such cow dung there is a danger of burning the root

For the preparation of cow manure it is bordered or folded in a hole. The latter is preferable. Layers of fresh manure should be shifted with mowed grass (tall grass such as sedge is not composted on its own, but this problem is eliminated when mixed with fresh manure).

Burt or pit closed with plastic film, which prevents the loss of nitrogen. If manure dries up, water it. Depending on the source material, manure overheating lasts for 2-3 of the year. To speed up the process, composting bacteria can be added to the pit or shoulder.

If over time you find earthworms in the overheating manure - it is ready for use.

WARMING OF THE ROCK ON TRANSFORMATION OF A FRESH KOROVO NAVOZA HEAT ISSUED, WHICH CAN BE WARMED THERMAL OR GREENHOUSE.

THIS IS REMARKABLE EVERYTHING AND BECAUSE THAT A SOURCE OF HEAT WILL BE LAYED DIRECTLY INTO THE GROUND, UNDER THE ROOT OF PLANTS.

FRESH COWL CARRY DOWN INTO PREPARED TRENCHES (PLAYERS OF THE 20-30 CM AND THE ARBITRUM WIDTH), AND ON THE TOP FRIEND WITH A NEUTRAL SUBSTRATE (DRY TRAWOE, THROM MOM), IT'S HEAD TO THE NEUTRAL SUBSTRATE THEN, STEAM THE LAYER OF A FERTILIZED SOIL WITH A HEIGHT 5-10 CM AND SEED OUTSIDE. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT “BIO HEATING” DOES NOT PERFORM.

FOR HEATING SOIL ON SALE THERE IS A SLEEVE OF STRONG BLACK POLYETHYLENE. THEY ARE FILLED WITH WATER AND USUALLY LAY UP FROM THE TOP ON THE SOIL - THE HEATING IS GOING FOR ACCUMULATION OF HEAT FROM THE GREENHOUSE AIR. THROUGH 2-3 YEARS, SUCH SLEEVES ARE FREQUENTLY BROKEN. PERSONAL HOSTES HAVE THINKED TO FILL THESE WITH FRESH COW MANURE AND LAY UNDER A LAYER OF FERTILIZING SOIL. IN THIS CASE - “BIO HEATING” DOES NOT NEED TO BE ISOLATED FROM TOP SOIL, AND THE MANUAL MOISTURE IS CONSISTENT FOR LONG TIME.

To reduce the acidity at presale, bird droppings are dried and granulated. It costs money.

Therefore, granulated litter is sold pre-packaged and, to tell the truth, it is used modestly in home gardens.

Bird bird

In most cases, this is chicken droppings. In bird droppings, a high content of uric acid. In general, the acidity of fresh bird droppings is incredible. At the beginning of 90, I was engaged in breeding a strain of Californian worms that are resistant to chicken droppings. So at the starting stage, the worms almost jumped out of the dung holes!

Untreated bird droppings are purchased at the nearest poultry farms. Due to the high humidity, its texture varies over a wide range. Therefore, it is advisable to store it in the pits.

BREEDING THE BIRD'S PURPOSE WITH BRIEF, DOLOMITIC FLOUR, CHRISTMAS, POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS (BUT NOT SELETRO), SUPER PHOSPHATE, ETC.

It is possible to add raw materials with a high content of cellulose (sawdust, chopped branches, hard grass, old leaf litter) to overheating bird droppings. Composting bacteria will help to reduce the period of overblown, but with proper arrangement of the pits, this process takes about 8-12 months. Pit should be covered with a film to avoid loss of nitrogen.

The best organic fertilizers for your garden

CONS AND CABLES

More rare product. Although next to a stable or a rabbit farm, it is not difficult to purchase it. Unlike cow dung and bird dung, horse or rabbit dung practically does not need additional overheating. If there is too much sawdust or hay, then just they should re-perepret.

The gastrointestinal microflora of horses and rabbits is functionally similar to the soil microflora. Fresh manure can be shed, therefore it should be embedded deeper into the ground. But this is good: such manipulation prevents the excretion of nitrogen and contributes to the development of the root system.

Manure of small cattle is used where there are sheep and goats, that is, not everywhere. By quality, it is closer to the rabbit. The quality of pig manure depends on their nutrition. But usually it, like human excrement, is composted for a long time, and it is better not to use it in crop production because of the danger of invasions (parasitic diseases).

COMPOST

In agrarian slang, real compost is called "oil". This unique and magnificent organic fertilizer, besides allowing to utilize organic agricultural waste.

But first you need to clearly understand that the compost heap (or pit) is not a dump! There is no place for waste from the toilet, paper, kitchen wastes, etc. It’s strange, right? Yet they do so.

But this is absolutely wrong. Compost substances have a high level of plant absorption. And if you make a cesspool from a compost pile, then the same cesspool will be in the fruit. And who wants it there?

So, mowed grass, turf, leaf litter are composted. High fiber substrates are poorly composted. It is better to burn and add as plants to the plants. If the task is to “recycle” the sawdust machine, then when laying them into a pile of layers (height 20-30 cm) should be poured with urea and water abundantly.

Composting is possible in pits and heaps (burtah). It is more optimal to build or purchase a box-composter. It is good because it provides air flow in the substrate. Some of the nitrogen evaporates, but for the most part it manages to combine into substances that are digestible by plants. Here again composting bacteria will help. Without them, the compost will overheat for more than a year and require periodic turning-over, with them -2-3 of the month. The softer the raw materials (for example, mowed grass), the faster the composting will be.

Recycled compost is used as a fertilizer when embedded in the soil to a depth accessible to plants. But it is also used as a mulching material, piling around the trunks. It is noticed that ants in compost do not like to live, unlike sand, which is usually covered with rose bushes, thermophilic hydrangeas, tree peonies for winter.

Next time we'll talk about biohumus.

FEATURES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS - A NOTE TO THE GARDENER

Depending on the doses and methods of applying organic fertilizers, the main application and top dressing are distinguished.

The main application aims to improve the properties and nutritional regime of the soil. High doses of organic fertilizers are used primarily to obtain the optimal humus content in the soil, which is 3-4%.

The main fertilizer creates a large supply of nutrients in the soil, which are then gradually released and used by plants. Organic fertilizers can be applied locally, in layers, or mixed into the soil to a considerable depth. Slowly decomposing organic materials such as manure, compost, straw, etc. are used as the main fertilizer. The main fertilizer is most often used before planting perennials.

Top dressing allows you to maintain an optimal level of nutrients in the soil and provide plants with the amount of microelements and growth substances necessary for growth and development. Organic top dressing activates the soil microflora, which supplies energy and nutrients.

Fertilizers are applied to the soil locally or completely, but always only in the upper

soil layer. For dressings, quickly decomposing organic fertilizers are most often used: for example, diluted urine, slurry, green mass.

Fertilizers are applied during the growing season of plants.

If we put aside all scientific terms and concepts, then the question: “What is it - a good land?”, You can answer very simply: “Black, fluffy, warm.” And what makes the earth black, fluffy and warm? That's right - humus. And the more of it, the better.

But there is one big BUT here. Some crops not only do not require, but do not even tolerate organic fertilizers! Among them are carrots, lettuce, parsley, parsnips, chicory, spinach, onions, garlic, beans, beans, melon, peas, radishes, beets, radishes. And this means that it is necessary to organize the rotation of crops so that organic fertilizers are applied to each bed every two to three years.