Self-dressing, processing vegetables from A to Z - calendar memo for the whole year
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CALENDAR OF SUPPLIES AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN CULTURES AGAINST DISEASES AND PESTS. TIPS EXPERIENCE AND FEEDBACK OF GARDENERS
Proper nutrition is the key to a long and healthy life!
This statement applies not only to man, but also to the green inhabitants of the garden. After all, to get a rich harvest, it is important not only to plant, weed and water the plants in time, but also to feed them in a balanced way, and also reliably protect them from diseases and pests. Not sure what to give preference to: minerals or organic matter, biologics or chemical agents? Experienced gardeners, agronomists, doctors and candidates of agricultural sciences will give answers to these and many other questions. "Calendar of dressings and protection of garden crops from diseases and pests"- the faithful assistant of every gardener!
Anna Poyarkova
MARCH
Works of the month
- Preparation of soil for growing seedlings, preparation of seeds, tanks for seedlings.
- Sowing on seedlings of seeds of tomatoes, peppers, leeks, cauliflower, head of lettuce and celery.
- Care for seedlings of eggplants, peppers and cabbage of early varieties (when sown in February).
- Cleaning and ventilation of greenhouses.
- Processing and loosening of land in greenhouses and greenhouses.
- Bookmark early potato tubers on. vernalization.
- Growing fast-growing greens in heated greenhouses.
- Purchase of planting material, fertilizers and garden tools.
- Drawing up a gardening program for spring and summer, planning future plantings.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
- Favorable days for the following jobs:
- sowing seeds of radish and lettuce in a heated greenhouse: 8, 9;
- picking vegetables seedlings: 10,11,12,19, 20;
- watering seedlings: 15, 16, 23, 24;
- preparation of soil for growing seedlings: 1,2, 28, 29, 30;
- bookmark potato tubers for vernalization: 1,2, 10, 11, 12, 28, 29, 30;
- sowing seedlings of vegetable seeds: 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23;
- feeding seedlings: 19, 20, 23, 24, 27 (in the evening), 28, 29.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Seed preparation
Seeds that are 3-4 of the year, soak before sowing on 12-14 hours in one of the following solutions.
- - I dilute 15 ml of succinic acid in 1 liter of filtered water.
- - 1 tsp I dissolve natural honey in 1 liter of warm (not hot!) water. After this treatment, even old seeds germinate well.
Hope ODINTSOVA
EXPRESS COUNCIL: So that the seeds are more likely to ascend, 1 tbsp. wood ash I pour 1 liter of hot water, after 6 hours I filter. I dilute 100 ml of the extract with 0,5 l of water and soak the seeds of carrots, beets, parsley in the solution for 48 hours, and cabbage, cucumber, zucchini, watermelon, melon, lettuce, radish - for 12 hours.
Soil: start with handling
To protect the seedlings from pests, the purchase and, especially, self-made soil should be disinfected.
There are three most effective methods.
Fill a large saucepan with water for four. Fix the colander with soil on top, cover with a lid and leave for one hour over medium heat. Steam passing through the soil will destroy pathogens and larvae harm aphids.
- - Leave an open bag of ground in the cold (below -15 degrees) for a week, then bring it into the heat for several days. Repeat the freezing procedure 2-3 times.
- - Pour moist soil onto a metal sheet with a layer of 5 cm, keep in a preheated to + 70 ... + 90 degrees, oven for 30 minutes. Remember that at a higher temperature, nitrogen is mineralized, beneficial microorganisms die, the soil becomes barren.
Sergey ZHUKOV, agronomist-soil scientist, St. Petersburg
See also: Garden with your own hands from A to Z in ONE article: planting and care, feeding and pruning
Soda will accelerate germination
10 g drinking soda diluted in liter 1 warm water. Soaking tomato seeds, peppers, eggplant on 8-10 hours. Then carefully mine. I noticed that after this treatment, the plants not only do not get sick, but also grow much faster.
Lydia Averkeeva
We charge the seeds for a rich harvest
1. I keep 5-7 seeds for hours in a weak Immunocytophyte solution (1 tablet per 100 ml of water). This will give a good effect in the fight against viral diseases.
2. I put the seeds in a gauze bag, I keep them in a thermos for 2 hours at a water temperature of + 45 ... + 50 deg., And then I disinfect them for half an hour in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
3. In order for the seeds to slip quickly and grow together, I soak them in any of the growth stimulants:
- Epin (2 drops on 100 ml of water) - on 18 hours;
- peat potassium humate (20-25 drops per 100 ml of water) - at 12 hours;
- Signor Tomato or New Ideal (20 g on 1 l of water) - on 30 minutes.
Sophia GUSEVA, author of the blog "I Love My Garden", Chelyabinsk Region.
Grandma's way
I prepare seeds for sowing as my grandmother taught. I cut the aloe leaf, keep it cold in the 4 day, then grind it, pour water (0,5 l), insist 12 hours and soak in the resulting composition of seeds for a day. Then I dry them, scattering on paper.
Irina MELNIKOVA
What is missing seedlings
In addition to lighting, temperature, watering and other tricks to which attention should be paid when growing seedlings, additional feeding is also important. After all, the lack of an element affects the development of plants. It is quite difficult, but possible, to determine that a seedling suffers from a lack of some element.
- - Pale and lagging seedlings lack nitrogen.
- - With phosphorus starvation, purple streaks appear on the plants.
- - With iron deficiency, the leaves turn yellow.
- - The lack of magnesium is manifested by dark veins on the brightened leaves.
- - And if the plants lack potassium, holes with yellowed edges appear on the leaves.
When to "feed"
- In order to prevent starvation, feed the seedlings of early and cauliflower twice: 8-10 days after the picking and then again after 10 days. Late cabbage - in the phase of the appearance of the second true leaf and a week before transplanting to a permanent place.
- - Tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers - 10-12 days after a dive and 7-10 days before landing on the garden.
- - Eggplant (they have a long seedling period) will have to be "fed" 3-4 times: the first - two weeks after emergence, then - once a month.
Simple Recipes
For feeding seedlings of any vegetables, you can use kitchen waste - egg shells, slept tea brewing and insoluble coffee, onion peel, potato peels.
- - Dry the eggshell from 3-4 raw eggs. Grind, pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 1-2 days (stir occasionally). Water seedlings of peppers, eggplant and flowers once a month.
- - Pour a handful of onion husks into 2 liters of water, bring to a boil, cool (under the lid), strain. Bring warm water to 5 liters. Spray over the leaves. Use the solution on the day of preparation, spend the treatment in the evening.
- - 1 tbsp. dried black or green tea, pour 3 liters of hot water, leave for one to two days, stir occasionally, strain and water the plants under the root.
- - Use for watering and water, in which vegetables were cooked (potatoes, carrots, beets), without salt.
Alexander Gorny, Cand. of sciences
Mineral feed
Gardeners often prefer organic food, which can be prepared at home. However, do not neglect mineral fertilizers.
culture | Term feeding after germination | Composition of fertilizers |
White cabbage | Through10-15 days | According to 10 g of urea and potassium sulfate + 20 g of superphosphate per bucket of water - according to 10 liters per 1 sq. M |
Bulgarian pepper | Through12-13 days | 15 g of urea + 1,5 st.l. superphosphate + 1 st.l. potassium sulphate + 200 g wood ash per 10 l of water - according to 1 l under the plant |
Tomato | Through10-15 days | 15 g of urea + 30 g of superphosphate + 10 g of potassium sulfate per 10 l of water - according to 1 Art. under the plant |
Eggplant | In 7 days | 1 st. Wood ash on 2 l of water + 1 tsp. Ammonium nitrate and superphosphate + 0,5 st.l. sulphate of potassium - according to 0,3 l per plant |
squash | In 10 days | 10 g of urea + 1 tsp nitroammofoski on 10 l of water - 250 ml for each plant |
pulse | In 10 days | 8 g of urea + 15 g of potassium sulfate + 12 g of superphosphate + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m |
Leek | In 21 day | 1, Art. ammonium nitrate + 0,5 st.l. potassium sulfate + 10 l of water - according to 0,5 l under the plant. Wood ash - according to 1 Art. under the bush after making mineral dressing |
Cucumber | Through10-15 days | According to 10 g of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m |
Green cultures | In 5-7 days | 10 g of urea + 1 tsp nitroammofoski on 10 liters of water —1 liters on 1 sq.m. Greens can be used as food after at least a week! |
Root crop | In 10 days | 1,5 tbsp. nitroammophoski + 10 l of water - 10 l per 1 sq. m |
Leaf celery | In 14 days | 15 g of urea + 20 g of superphosphate per 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m. Greens can be used as food after at least 5 days! |
Pumpkin | In 7 days | 2 l slurry + 1 tbsp. superphosphate + 1 tsp ammonium nitrate + 200 g of wood ash + 10 l of water - according to 1 l per plant |
Potato | In 7 days | 15-20 g of ammonium nitrate + 10 l of water - 10 l per 1 m 2 |
Onions | In 10 days | 30 g of superphosphate + 20 g of potassium sulfate + 10 g of ammonium nitrate + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m |
Carrots | In 20 days | 25 g of urea + 30 g of superphosphate and potassium sulfate + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m |
red beet | In 12 days | 40 g of potassium sulfate + 18 g of superphosphate + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 sq.m |
Garlic | In 12 days | 10 g of urea + 10 l of water - a bucket on 1 m |
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Add trace elements
The first feeding of seedlings of tomatoes spend through 12 days after germination. In 10 l of water I dilute 1 g of potassium permanganate, pour out 25 ml of solution for each plant.
After 10 days in 10 l of water I dilute 3 st.l. fresh mullein or bird litter 1 tsp. urea. Pour 35 ml under each plant.
Ivan SUPRUN, Kharkiv region
TIP: Appear tomato seedlings indulge with liquid complex fertilizer based on humic acids. Reduce the concentration by half compared to that indicated on the label. In the development phase of the first real leaflet feeding repeat.
Dmitry DIYAKONOV, agronomist
Peppers, at the start!
After the appearance of 1 -2 true leaves, I dust the soil around the seedlings of the peppers with wood ash. If I notice that the plants grow slowly, 1 Art. I put 3 l of hot water into dried dried tea brew. After 5 days, I filter the composition and use it for watering.
Nina KORBUT, Gomel region
Own Baikal with their own hands
I prepare the analogue of the preparation Baikal itself.
I mix on 6 parts of chicken dung, leaf humus and wood ash, add on 1 parts of black crackers, sour milk and garden soil. I fill 20 with parts of water, I insist 10 days. The finished drug filter. Diluted with water 1: 10. Feed the solution of seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants once a 10-14 days.
Galina SLAVETSKAYA, city of Izyaslav
Green broth
Pepper seedlings twice feed: first time - when 1-2 real leaves appear (10 g of urea, 40-50 g of superphosphate, 10-15 g of potassium salt per 10 l of water based on 1 l of solution on 10-12 plants), and - in 10-14 days, increasing the dose of phosphorus twice. After each feeding, water the seedlings with clean water.
Anna Gordeeva, Cand. of sciences
Fertilizer aquarium water
Through 10 days after the picking I feed up tomato seedlings. First, I pour warm water from the aquarium (it contains not only nitrogen, but also chlorophyll), then - an extract from wood ash, and after two or three days - infusion of onion peel (loosely filled one-liter jar I pour boiling water to the top, infuse under the lid five - seven hours, filter and dilute with water 1: 5).
Natalia DORONINA, Kaluga Region
Eggplant Kombucha
So that eggplant seedlings grow better, two weeks after the picking and then 2 200 ml of tea fungus infusion every 1 week I grow in 1,5 -50 l of water. Pour XNUMX ml under each plant.
Natalia TARASOVA, Severodvinsk
THERE IS A QUESTION
Before and after picking
How to reduce the stress of picking and support plants after it?
Anna Valeryeva
- For 3-4 the day before the picking, pour seedlings with a solution of any anti-stress medication, for example, Ekosila (according to the instructions).
2 hours before picking abundantly pour seedlings with warm water. Transplant with a clod of earth in separate containers with soil. Recess almost to the cotyledon leaves. Pour warm thawed water or distilled water.
Leave the seedlings away for a day away from windows and batteries, and after 3-4 24 hours after the picking, pour Kornevin with the solution (as instructed).
Alexander Gorny, Cand. of sciences
Nice pepper
Twice, combining with irrigation, feed seedlings of peppers. The first time is after 2 weeks after the appearance of the 3-4 of these leaflets (5 g of urea and 30 g of superphosphate I grow in 10 l of water), the second — 3-4 of the day before planting (50 of g superphosphate, 25 of potassium salt or potassium sulfate on 10 l of water).
Valentina CHEBANENKO, Poltava region
See also: Autumnal fertilizing for the fruit garden - a table-memo
APRIL
Works of the month
- - Digging the earth. Preparation of beds.
- - Tillage from pathogens and pests.
- - The introduction into the soil of organic and mineral fertilizers.
- - Preparation of seeds, calibration and selection of full-fledged specimens for sowing.
- - Sowing seedlings for leek seeds, cabbage of all kinds, watermelons, cucumbers, melons, squash and squash.
- - Sowing in film greenhouses radish seeds and cold-resistant green crops.
- - Sowing in open ground seeds of radish, radish, spinach, carrots, beets, turnips, onions, beans, lettuce, spring garlic, planting of early ripe potatoes.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - top dressing the plant under the root: 15 (after lunch), 16,17 (before lunch), 24, 25, 26 (before lunch);
- - spraying seedlings against diseases and pests: 22, 23;
- - application of herbicide against weeds into the soil: 26, 27, 28;
- - watering seedlings: 1,2,3,11,12,19, 20,21;
- - sowing seeds of vegetables for seedlings: 1,2, 3, 11, 19, 20, 21;
- - planting seedlings for film shelters: 1,2, 3;
- - planting of early potatoes: 1, 2, 3,6,7, 8;
- - picking seedlings: 6, 7, 8;
- - the release of perennials from winter shelter: 9, 10;
- - sowing and planting in open ground: 11,22, 23, 29, 30.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Do not yawn - fertilize!
Cucumber seedlings feed up three times. When sprouts form the first true leaf, in 10 l of water I dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10-12 g of superphosphate and 0,5 l of mullein. I repeat the procedure in the stage of two true leaves and later 10-12 days after that. With the second and third dressings, the amount of mineral fertilizers doubled.
Olga MIKHAILOVA, Zdolbunov
Accelerate by the rules
And the stores sell a huge amount of drugs for the rapid and high-quality development of seedlings. Which ones to choose?
Kornevin | Epin | Zircon |
Before sowing, soak the seeds in a solution (1 tsp on 1 liter of water) for 6 hours. Before planting, lower the roots of seedlings for a few seconds into the composition (see above). | As soon as the first shoots appear, water them with a solution (5 drops on 0,5 liters of water). After picking and before planting in the ground, spray the seedlings with the same composition based on 35-40 plants. | Immediately after sprouting, pour them with a solution (4 drops on 1 drops). From the moment of landing in the ground twice a month, spray the seedlings with the composition (see above) so that flower ovaries appear as soon as possible. |
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Seedlings, do not rush to grow!
She hoped for a quick spring and too early sowed the seeds of tomatoes, peppers and cabbage for seedlings. I'm afraid the seedlings will begin to stretch. I heard that there are some modern preparations that help control the process. What kind? How to use them?
Tamara Danilenko, Smolensk
- You can resort to the help of one of the growth regulators - drugs Athlete, Stopprost.
The athlete controls the growth of seedlings and improves its quality. After processing it, the seedlings cease to stretch upwards, the root system begins to develop more actively, the stem is thickened.
At the first signs of 1 cabbage seedlings being drawn, dissolve the ampoule in thawed or rainwater 1. Water at the root every 3 of the day at the rate of 1 liters per 1 sq.m. Course - 3 watering. If peppers and eggplants are drawn out, prepare the solution as for cabbage, and water the seedlings at the rate of 50 ml for each plant twice with an interval of 2 of the day.
For stretched tomatoes, spend four treatments: first spray the plants with a weak solution (1 ampoule per 10 liter of water), then three more times with an interval of 3-4 of the day - a more concentrated composition (1 ampoule per 5 liter of water). The drug is safe, but for 5-6 days before planting seedlings in the ground it must be stopped to use.
- Stoprost has the same properties as an Athlete. Dilute 5 g of powder in 2,5 l of water. This solution is enough to water any seedlings. Perform three treatments with an interval of 5 days.
- To water 60 plants, 8 drops of Chunky should be diluted in 2 liters of water. To slow down the stretching and "make" the seedlings grow in breadth, water 4-5 times with an interval of 4-5 days.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
No - black leg!
The signs of the appearance of this common disease are obvious: the lower part of the stem of the seedling begins to darken, becomes thin, or even completely rot. Most often, the black leg appears due to poor ventilation of seedlings, an abundance of moisture. If the spread of the disease is small, seedlings can be saved. I pour clean sand under each of them in a layer in 1 -1,5. It dries the soil. Wood ash also helps out - I also sprinkle the soil with it. Diseased plants spray pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Eugene SALANOVICH
Emergency Measures
As soon as I notice sprouts with darkened stalks in the common hotbed, I immediately tear out a couple of specimens: the roots rot, which means they have a black leg. I transplant healthy seedlings into fresh soil (I spill it with a dark solution of potassium permanganate and wash the roots of plants in it) with the addition of calcined sand and ash, and spray Leaves with Fundazole.
Valentina SAMUSEVA
Is the soil getting moldy?
When you grow seedlings, the excess moisture on the soil sometimes "settles" mold. A good remedy for it is the mulching of the soil surface with crushed charcoal mixed with ash (1: 2). If necessary, the powder can be repeated in 2-3 weeks.
Inga LISOVSKAYA, Minsk
If something went wrong ...
During the years of growing seedlings managed to face many unplanned situations. Therefore, I want to tell others what to do in such cases.
- - Sluggish leaves in seedlings grown on peat soil: Twice at intervals of 4-6 days I spray the plants on the leaves with a solution of copper sulfate (0,5 g per 1 liter of water).
- - Yellowish spots on young leaves: 1-2 times I spray the seedlings on the leaves with a solution of iron chelate (1 g per 1 liter of water).
- - Not enough light, too hot: I water the seedlings on the cotyledons, 1st, 3rd and 5th leaves with a solution of potassium humate: 1 tsp. I dissolve the humate in 1 liter of hot water (+ 70 ... + 80 degrees), after 5-6 hours I drain from the precipitate, mix 50 ml of the composition in 1 liter of water.
Seedlings do not grow: Recently they rescued seedlings to a neighbor: after releasing 2 real leaves, she seemed to fall asleep. It was suggested that against the background of a lack of sunlight it was chilly - during the day +18 degrees., At night + 13 ... + 15. Therefore, the temperature was raised, and they were also fed with ash infusion (1 tbsp of ash was poured into 8 liters of hot water, insisted for 3 hours and filtered) and after 4-7 days Gumat solution + XNUMX helped, the seedlings grew.
TIP: To prevent fungal diseases, it is useful to spray the seedlings with potassium iodide solution (0,1 g per 1 l of water): the first time - before the pick, the second - after 2 weeks. And for the prevention of black legs to powder the seedlings with sifted ash tree species or straw.
Natalia DORONINA, teacher of the school of gardeners, Kaluga
A DOWN of harmful "lodgers"!
If time does not take action, aphid, larva sprout flies, whitefly, thrips and spider mites can destroy the seedlings. Therefore, it is extremely important to know how to protect it from pests and how to provide emergency assistance to damaged plants.
Glutton shoo soap
Aphids are a very voracious insect, it multiplies rapidly and is capable of greatly harming immature seedlings. It is possible to determine what your unwelcome guest is aphid for, by leaves: they curl and discolor, and honeydew appears on their surface - a sweet, sticky discharge in which disease-causing fungi multiply rapidly.
So that the pests do not want to settle on your plants, maintain the air temperature during the day at + 20 ... + 25 degrees, and at night - + 16 ... + 20 degrees, water only with settled water at room temperature, arrange seedlings as far apart as possible. If aphids on seedlings still appear, but there are few of them, collect insects with your hands, and spray the plants themselves with a solution of laundry soap (25-30 g per 1 liter of water). If there are a lot of pests, treat the seedlings with Inta-Vir, Denis, Kinmiks or Fitoverm diluted according to the instructions.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Who lives on the leaves?
She opened the peppers, and they began to dry. Leaflets as if someone sucks. What are these pests? How to deal with them?
Elizaveta Zhukovskaya, Kiev
- It can be spider mites or thrips. Actellic, BI-58, TiovitJet, Omayt, Sunmite, Masai, and colloidal sulfur are suitable for protection. Spray the plants evenly with the product diluted according to the instructions. Conduct treatment in a gauze bandage, goggles and gloves. Try not to enter or be as small as possible in the room where you are spraying. Or use one of the popular methods.
- - 100 g of tobacco pour 1 liter of hot (+ 60 ... + 70 deg.) Water, insist until cool, spray the seedlings every 5-10 days until the pests disappear.
- - 15-20 g chopped garlic, pour 1 liter of warm water, leave for a day, strain. Treat plants and soil once a week.
Manana KASTRITSKAYA, Cand. of sciences
White Wing
I noticed whiteflies on pepper seedlings. Processed by Fitoverm -. there are fewer pests, but it’s not possible to completely eliminate it ...
- One treatment with a biological product is not enough, because its effectiveness is not very high. Repeat spraying once or twice. Replace Fitoverm with bio-preparations with other active ingredients - Verticillin, Boverin, Naturgard. Against adult whitefly insects, set yellow glue traps. You can buy or make them yourself. Dense cardboard with a size of 30 × 40 cm, paint in yellow-orange color with watercolors or acridine Krut, pos. Desna scrap. Mix in equal parts castor oil, pine rosin, petroleum jelly and honey. Melt everything in a water bath, stir until smooth. Let cool and brush on cardboard.
Alexander KUTS, doctor of agricultural sciences
OUR REFERENCE
Phytoverm is an insecticide of natural origin, which is used to combat piercing-sucking pests. The concentration of the drug solution is calculated based on what pests it is used against. To protect seedlings from aphids, 10-8 ml of the preparation is diluted in 12 l of water, 2 ml is sprinkled from spider mites, 20 ml is from thrips. The duration of the Phytoverm protective action is about 5 days, therefore, repeated treatments (if necessary) are carried out no later than 8 days.
Subtle threat
I woke up in the morning - and all the seedlings fell ... It doesn’t look like a black leg. What happened to the plants?
Victoria Golodok, Svetlogorsk
- At the beginning of growth, seedlings are especially vulnerable to the larvae of the germ fly, which enter the house with humus or compost, which is part of the soil. To notice tiny flies without a magnifying glass is almost impossible. However, if the seedlings began to fall, and you found small holes in the stem at the base, be sure: the pest is to blame. To save the plants, spray them with Aktara, diluted according to the instructions. And also steamed in a water bath or in the oven ground in which you will dive seedlings.
Olga ONISCHENKO, Cand. agricultural sciences
WORKS IN THE AREA IN APRIL
"Wake up" the soil
In order to sow the seeds of early ripe vegetables in April, I warm up the beds for them. For greens and radish, it is enough to dust the area with ashes and cover with black foil. For early cucumbers, the approach is more serious: in the center of the garden we dig a hole the size of 40x20x20 cm, fill it with fresh manure, last year's litter and pour water from the watering can. Then I cover the bed with a film and some non-woven material.
And at the end of April I plant cucumber seedlings under the bows. Maxim MITLASHEVSKY, Soligorsk
Fertilize
Everyone has heard about the benefits of ash, but not everyone knows when it is better to bring it. On the advice of a familiar agronomist, in the sandy soil (this is what I have in my country house) I fill up the ashes in early spring (1 liters per 1 sq. M).
Anna CHERLENOK, Svetlogorsk
Increase fertility
In order to improve the soil, increase its fertility and get a bigger crop, I annually use EM-preparations.
Base - concentrate
To prepare the EM preparation in 4 l of filtered water at room temperature, I pour in a little molasses (nutrient medium for effective microorganisms) and the main component is the Baikal vial EM-1 (40 ml). Insist 6 days in a dark place. The fact that the drug is ready, says coming from him a pleasant smell of kvass. The concentrate is poured into dark bottles, I close them tightly and store them in a cool place. Sediment on the bottom of the bottle or film on the surface is normal. The main thing is not to cause an unpleasant putrid odor, otherwise the concentrate becomes unsuitable.
Where to apply
- During the pre-sowing treatment of the plot, I spill the beds with a solution (10 tbsp. L. Concentrate in a bucket of water), cover with a film. When weeds grow under it, I cut them with a cultivator and sow the seeds of vegetables.
- - With a solution I spend root and foliar top dressing. I dilute the concentrate (1 tbsp. Per bucket of water) and water the plants once a week.
- - From spring to mid-summer I lay EM compost. I lay weed grass and any organic residues in layers 20-25 cm thick, pour each layer with water (10 l), then 5 l of Baikal EM-1 solution (1 tbsp of concentrate in a bucket of water), and again with water. In mid-July, I cover the compost heap with a small layer of earth, and in September-October I distribute the finished compost to the site.
Elena Kokhanovsky, Rechitsa
Plant green mans
In April, the beds on which in the fall sowed winter rye and rapeseed, shallowly dug up, planting shoots. And the areas that were empty in the autumn, I loosen and thickly sow with fast-growing cold-resistant sideratami: mustard, spring rape, fodder pea or phacelia. The same spring, after 1 -2 weeks before planting, the main crop is mowed with a flat cutter and embedded in the soil to a depth of 5.
Tamara TARAKANOVA
Clean the greenhouse
- In early April, I carry out disinfection. I have a greenhouse on a wooden frame, so I fumigate it with sulfuric smoke (80-160 g of sulfur per 1 cubic meter). Alas, this method is not suitable for metal structures. If for some reason I can’t conduct sulfuric fumigation, I buy FITO-Avalanin-300 (against pathogenic bacteria and rot) and Acrobat MC (from downy mildew and late blight). I conduct their processing strictly according to the instructions.
- - After sanitization and disinfection on a warm day, I spill the soil with boiling water, tighten it with a dark film, close the doors and windows, leave the greenhouse for two days.
- - Then I remove the film, bring in 1 bucket of humus and 1 tbsp. ash per 1 sq.m of soil. Deeply loosen the pitchfork.
- - As soon as the air in the greenhouse starts warming up to +16 degrees in the afternoon, I pour Fitosporin's solution (1 tablespoon of a liquid preparation per 10 liters of warm water) over every 2 square meters of soil over a bucket. I cover with last year's hay or spanbond. - In April, at the ends of the greenhouse I put 10-15 liter containers, load them a quarter with fresh mullein or bird droppings, add the first weeds (especially nettles), hay bark, at least a glass of fermented jam, crusts of dry yeast bread, pour water to the top. A week or two before planting seedlings, I dilute the infusion with water 1: 8 and abundantly water the greenhouse beds.
Natalia DORONINA, city of Kaluga
Refresh soil
In the greenhouse and on the beds, where plants were sick last year, in April I removed the soil layer in 5-8 cm and rattled the ground in the garden or poured it into a compost pile, dividing it with manure (the compost can be used through 3-4 of the year). On the removed site I scatter ripened compost.
Anastasia Furs
See also: Ammonia as fertilizer, and from pests - recipes for use of which few people know
MAY
Works of the month
- - Hardening seedlings.
- - Preparation of beds.
- - Sowing seeds of cucumbers, carrots, turnips, radishes, onions (per feather), parsley, spinach, radish, dill, peas, lettuce, cilantro, pumpkin, Chinese cabbage.
- - Planting potatoes.
- - Planting seedlings of tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, peppers and cabbage of all kinds.
- - Fertilizing seedlings.
- - Protection of plants from return frosts.
- - Regular watering of vegetables with warm water.
- - Shelter of young plants with film in cool and rainy weather.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
- Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - introduction of herbicide against weeds into the soil: 4, 5, 24, 25;
- - preventive spraying against diseases and pests: 19,20;
- - top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers: 19, 20, 21, 22, 23;
- - sowing vegetable seeds in open ground: 1,2,3,21,22;
- - planting seedlings under a film shelter: 1,2, 3;
- - planting seedlings in open ground: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30;
- - thinning shoots of root crops: 13, 14;
- - watering plants: 17, 18, 26, 27, 28;
- - planting potatoes of late varieties and root crops: 21,22, 23;
- - arrangement of compost pits, shoulders: 21,22, 23.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Preparing for the "move" in the open ground
For 10-12 hours before landing in the ground, water the seedlings with a solution of calcium nitrate (2 g per 1 l of water) or any anti-stress medication (Appin, Ecosila, Heteroauxin, Rostmoment) according to the instructions. To protect against fungal diseases, plants can be treated with Fundazole (according to instructions) or pour light solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 l of water).
Natalya ZHABROVSKAYA, Cand. agricultural sciences
Transplant runs smoothly
- - Before planting seedlings, dig, disinfect and fertilize the area. In Yul hot (+ 70 ... + 80 deg.) Water dilute 1 tbsp. vitriol and pour 1-1,5 liters per 1 sq.m. On the plot for peppers, tomatoes, eggplant and cabbage for digging, evenly add 3-4 kg of humus, 1 tbsp. ammophos and potassium sulfate, 1 tbsp. wood ash and chalk per 1 sq.m.
- - Dig a cucumber bed 5-6 days before transplanting seedlings to a depth of 15-20 cm. In 10 l of hot water, dilute 0,5 l of liquid mullein, 1 tbsp. bird droppings and 1 tsp copper sulfate. Spill the soil liberally with nutrient and cover with plastic wrap.
- - Stop watering the seedlings a few days before planting. And 1-1,5 hours before the transplant, water the plants abundantly so that the earthen lump becomes wet and dense.
- - Peppers and eggplants love heat, so wait until the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to + 15 degrees. Dig holes slightly larger than the size of the containers in which the seedlings were grown. If the soil is not very fertile, add to each well a handful of humus or compost, 1/4 tsp. superphosphate and 1 tablespoon ashes. Spill plenty of hot water. Plant the plants to the same depth that they grew. Seal and mulch the soil around with humus or peat.
Anna GORDEEVA, Cand. agricultural sciences, Gorki
Earth is like a fluff!
I have accumulated old feather pillows. Can their contents be used as fertilizer?
“Feathers, like other organics, quickly decompose, so you can send your supplies to the compost heap or to the base of warm beds. But it is better to add a handful of feathers mixed with wood ash to each well when planting cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini, peppers, tomatoes and eggplants. To prevent feathers from flying, they can be wetted before use.
Feathers can be plowed into the soil during spring digging. This will help improve the structure of the soil. In addition, feathers in this case will act as a nitrogen fertilizer and lure a large number of earthworms to the site.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Planting potatoes: what to make in the hole
When planting potatoes, it is advisable to fertilize fertilizers precisely into the hole, because its root system is not very large, therefore, when spreading fertilizers around the site, a significant portion of them will simply not be available. Consider the main types of fertilizers and their combinations (combinations are given per 1 square meters).
1. Humus (bucket), wood ash (1 Art.) And nitrophoska (3 Art. L. Without a slide). Humus - a source of nitrogen, ash - calcium and other trace elements, and nitrophoska - potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus in an accessible form.
2. Humus (8-9 kg), ammonium nitrate (17-19 g), potassium sulfate (17-19 g), superphosphate (25-35 g) and dolomite flour (400-500 g). Ammonium nitrate is a source of nitrogen, and dolomite flour will enrich the plants with magnesium and calcium.
3. Nitroammofosk (about 40-45 g, that is, approximately 4-4,5 kg per hundred).
4. Kemira is a mixture of mineral granulated fertilizers in a balanced amount (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.). Sell in various volumes, ranging from 1 kg. The well should be poured approximately 18-20 g.
- - If you are accustomed to planting potatoes in trenches, try to distribute fertilizers in places of future rows. The compositions can be used the same, and also apply only organic fertilizers, for example, a mixture of well-rotted manure (250-300 g) and 150-200 g of wood ash - this is the dose per plant.
- - Apply complex fertilizers and granular preparations to dry soil. Check the date of manufacture and expiration date of fertilizers: they are stored up to 3 years.
- - For early potatoes, the dose of mineral fertilizers can be increased by a third, and organic by a third, because the digestibility of organic matter is slowed down.
Irina Gurieva, Ph.D. corp. FNTS them. Michurin
What to add to the hole when planting seedlings
culture | To each well |
cucumbers | 0,5 l nutrient solution (20 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium sulfate on 10 l of water) |
Tomatoes | 2-3 g nitrofoski + handful of humus and ash; 1 st.l. bone meal + handful of ash; on 1 st.l. urea and superphosphate |
Peppers | By 5 g superphosphate and potassium salt + 200 g humus; 3-4 superphosphate granules + handful of humus and ash |
Cabbage | 0,5 kg of organic matter (humus, compost) + 1 tsp. superphosphate + 2 st.l. wood ash |
Add all fertilizers in advance (approximately half a day-day before planting) and mix with the soil. Direct contact of the roots with fertilizer can cause burns, and the seedlings will not take root well in a new place. Spill water before planting wells.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Fishhead lover
Tomatoes always make me happy with the harvest. And here are some of my secrets when planting seedlings.
- - I put a fish head (from frozen, or better, fresh fish) at the bottom of deep holes, pour a handful of ash and a little chopped egg shell, sprinkle it with soil and plant seedlings.
- - On both sides of the bush I immediately drop two PET bottles with a cut-off bottom (about a third each) with their neck down - then pour water for irrigation in them.
- - Mulch the soil between plants with hay, straw or dried grass.
- - The first time I feed tomatoes at the end of flowering. I insist a week a bucket of mullein in a 60-liter barrel of water, sometimes in an arbitrary amount I throw nettle grass there. I dilute the infusion with water 1:10, I spend 1 liter under the bush. Over the summer I spend 2-3 of these dressings.
- - On each floral branch I leave 3-4 flowers, I cut or cut off the rest. Regularly stepson tomatoes.
Tamara GOLIKOVA, city of Orsha
Garlic on protection
In May, cruciferous fleas begin to multiply massively. Therefore, immediately after sowing seeds and sprouting, cultivate cabbage crops according to Aktar or infusion of garlic instructions (pour 100 l of hot water with 1 g of garlic gruel, strain after 24 hours, dilute 1: 10 with water and spray a bed from an atomizer).
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Homemade fertilizer with your own hands: from the kitchen to the garden
More and more gardeners try to use only natural fertilizers for plants. Where do they get it from? From your own table! Kitchen remnants can be very useful in the garden. What and where to add, see below.
What | Than useful | What kind of vegetables to add | How, in what quantity |
Onion and garlic husks | It is rich in phytoncides, destroys harmful microorganisms, decomposes, serves as fertilizer. | Peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes | Add 1 -2 handful to the well when transplanting. Spray the plants on the leaves from pests (50 g husks pour 1 l of water, boil 10 minutes, insist 3 hours) |
Eggshell | Source of calcium, contains magnesium, phosphates and organic matter. | Any vegetables and seedlings, especially melons, watermelons, eggplants, peppers | Add 1 tsp ground dried shell into the hole when planting seedlings |
Citrus peel | Source of potassium, contain phytoncides that disinfect the soil | Any vegetables | Spill the bed before planting infusion seedlings (pour the peel with boiling water 1: 1, boil 10 minutes, insist 5-6 hours) at the rate of 3 l on 1 sq.m |
Tea Welding | Loosens the soil, contains nitrogen, potassium and magnesium | Cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, peas | Add 1 Art. dry brewed tea on 1 -2 kg of soil for seedlings or handfuls per well |
Peel of sunflower seeds | Serves a good mulch, loosens the soil | Tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, peas, cabbage | Sprinkle the hole after planting the seedlings with a layer of 1,5-2 cm |
Potato peel | Contain potassium, starch | Cucumber, pumpkin, cabbage, onion | 1 tsp shredded dry cleaning in the hole. Soak and prikopat on the site for bait wireworms and Colorado beetles |
Banana peel | Source of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and nitrogen | Tomatoes | At the bottom of each hole, bury 1 with minced fresh skin or pour 1 Art. dried peel |
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
And the early harvest is guaranteed!
A warm bed is a kind of “hot water bottle” for plants. The organics underlying such structures gradually decompose, release heat and warm up the roots from below, helping the vegetables to carry both night frosts and temperature drops.
Cooking warm beds can be both in autumn and spring.
The width and length of the structure depends on the size of the planned fit.
- - In a selected area, dig a trench 40 cm deep. Prepare a box of planks or other improvised materials 60 cm high.
- - At the bottom of the pit, put a metal mesh that will not allow moles and shrews to harm your plants.
- - Put a drainage layer of stones or broken bricks with a thickness of 15 cm. Then - branches, large wood chips, stalks of sunflower, Jerusalem artichoke, corn, thin branches (about 10 cm).
- - Fill this layer with leaves, a handful of ash or chalk, weeds, peeling vegetables (15 cm). Pour a solution of superphosphate, potassium sulfate, urea (20 g of each component in 10 liters of water).
- - Cover with newspapers in several layers.
- - Sprinkle with chips or sawdust (10-15 cm).
- - Spread a layer of fertile soil (up to 40 cm). Spill everything with warm water (up to 7 buckets per 1 sq.m).
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist, St. Petersburg
Reference by topic: Plant feeding in a garden and a garden from A to Z is a calendar reminder
JUNE
Works of the month
- - Sowing seeds of zucchini, cucumbers, squash, pumpkins.
- - Planting in open ground vegetable seedlings.
- - Care of plantings (watering, weeding, thinning, loosening the earth).
- - Pinching cucumbers, pinching tomatoes.
- - Sowing seedlings of seeds of perennial vegetable plants (rhubarb, onion, sorrel, lovage).
- - Plant nutrition with mineral, organic and micronutrient fertilizers.
- - Prevention of diseases and the destruction of pests.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - preventive spraying against diseases and pests: 15,16,17;
- - arrangement and filling of compost structures: 17, 18, 19, 27 (after lunch), 28, 29;
- - fertilization in the soil: 17, 18, 19;
- - application of herbicides against weeds: 20, 21,22;
- - planting seedlings of late cabbage: 1,2,5, 6;
- - herding of tomatoes: 7,8,11,12, 30;
- - thinning of root crops: 9, 10;
- - sowing of siderates: 13, 14, 15;
- - sowing cauliflower seeds: 13, 14, 15;
- - watering plants: 13, 14, 15, 23, 24;
- - repeated sowing of seeds of cilantro, dill and lettuce: 13, 14, 15;
- - hilling of potatoes: 23, 24;
- - pinching cucumbers: 30.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Weeds - for mulch
Each weed weeded, being returned as mulch or herbal infusion, will give food to vegetable plants. However, it is better to burn burnt-down plants, and use ashes for feeding cabbage and potatoes.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Feed for cucumbers
It's simple!
To make the cucumbers enjoy a rich harvest, when preparing the beds, add nitrophos and 10 g of humus to 500 sq.
And after the appearance of two or three leaves, pour the cucumber with a solution of mullein (1: 10) - according to 0,5-0,8 l per plant.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
On bread
For cucumbers, bread sourdough is the best fertilizer. It is very easy to cook!
I fill the bucket on 2 / 3 with crusts of black bread, fill it with water and press something heavy so that the contents do not float. I leave the tank for a week in a warm place to ferment. I dilute the resulting starter together with the sediment with water (1: 3) and water the cucumbers at the root - according to 0,5 l per bush.
Olga BEZBORODOVA
"Green tea" for pumpkin
Cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins and squash feed a nettle infusion. 1 part of the grass nettle, fill 8 with parts of water. Add an 1 tsp. potassium humate for every 10 l. When the composition ferments, dissolve it 1: 10 and pour under each plant to 1 l infusion.
Dmitry DIYAKONOV, agronomist
Cucumbers will tell what they are missing
From the first fruits I determine what the plants lack.
- If the whips are thin, the leaves are small, the cucumbers themselves are lighter than usual, and their tops are narrowed - it's time to prepare nitrogen top dressing. I dilute ammonium nitrate (matchbox on a bucket of water). The flow rate of the solution is 0,5 l per plant.
- Sometimes cucumbers, regardless of variety, grow round, and the stalk sharply narrows. In this case, you must additionally add potassium. The simplest top dressing is wood ash (1 tbsp. Per bucket of water; consumption - 0,5 l of the composition per bush).
I also add humus or compost soil to the root of each plant. This replaces loosening and gives cucumbers additional nutrients.
Alexander TRAFIMOV, x. Zakhopersky, Volgograd region
Nourishing Braga
When the dacha appeared, at first stormed the books of “reasonable farmers” N. Kurdyumov and Y. Slashchinin. I still use some of their advice.
So, for cucumbers, I prepare a wonderful top dressing, in which I use a sugar-yeast mash as a starter (5 tbsp of sugar and a pinch of yeast I grow in 3 l of non-chlorinated water, ferment 2-3 days).
In the 200 liter capacity I put:
- - a shovel of ash;
- - half a bucket of cow dung or bird droppings;
- - a bucket of rotten straw or fallen leaves;
- - a shovel of humus, compost or garden soil;
- - a shovel of sand;
- - 1 liter of whey or yogurt;
- - 3 liters of sugar and yeast mash.
In the general tank I insist everything for a week, sometimes I mix it up. When using infusion I dilute with water twice and I water plants.
Maxim MITLASHEVSKY, city of Soligorsk
In the cold - on a diet
For feeding cucumbers using ready fertilizers. Most of all like the Breadwinner, Ideal, Abiga-Peak, sodium humate. I dilute according to the instructions, after watering with pure water I pour out 0,5-0,7 l of solution under each plant so that the liquid does not get on the leaves. I do not feed cold cloudy weather, because at this time the growth of cucumbers slows down, and their roots still cannot actively absorb nutrients.
Tatyana
Valerian - growth stimulator
On the advice of an agronomist, I use a natural growth stimulator based on valerian flowers (it blooms from June to August).
After the procedure, cucumbers bloom profusely, the fruits grow dense, healthy. I skip fresh flowers through a meat grinder, squeeze juice through gauze folded in the 2-3 layer. Pour into a bottle, close tightly and store in the refrigerator. On 10 l of water I add 10 drops of juice, mix well, pour into a spray bottle and spray on the leaves. Two or three of these treatments is enough.
Valentina RYABOKON
Experts comments
Indeed, the juice of valerian flowers, as well as yarrow flowers, chamomile, nettle, dandelion, is a natural growth stimulator, and it can be safely used on vegetables.
The solution of the juice of valerian flowers is primarily used on cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers. You can and water the plants at the root, starting from planting, and spray. Treatments are carried out before and during the flowering period about once every 2-3 of the day. Regarding concentration, 40-50 drops in a bucket of water are usually indicated in the literature.
It is the flowers that are used to produce juice from valerian, because they contain a large amount of plant growth-promoting substances. Abroad, they even produce a drug based on valerian juice, called Baldrian, but it is difficult to buy from us. However, do not throw away the leaves and stems of the plant. They can be added as a seasoning in any fish, meat dish, as well as in soup or salad. In the leaves and shoots a lot of mineral salts and essential oils that are beneficial to humans.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Top dressing for tomatoes
Some of the problems with tomatoes may be due to an imbalance in their nutrition. Often, gardeners simply sprinkle fertilizers on the garden and close them up with a rake. Do not do this! It is better to use an aqueous solution of fertilizers, not forgetting to water the beds before this. To prevent tomatoes from slowing their development, feed them with bird droppings (1: 15).
Anna Gordeeva, Cand. of sciences
Conifer shower
I collect young pine shoots, stand in the basement or in the refrigerator for six days. I grind, pour water (1: 2), bring it to a boil and torment 5-10 for 10 minutes on low heat. After complete cooling, I filter and dilute with water (1: 3). Finished coniferous hood sprayed the bushes of tomatoes during the budding period. This dressing stimulates the plants to an earlier ripening of fruits and excellent yield.
Alena AGEYEVA, Penza
Tomatoes love ash
I grow tomatoes of many varieties, different in shape and color. I do not complain about the crops, and the secret is in the top dressing that I bring during abundant flowering. 2 kg of ash in an 10-liter bucket pour 5 liters of boiling water, stir and let cool. I add 10 ml of iodine and 10 of lactic acid, insist day. Diluted with water (1: 10). Under each bush I pour out 1 l composition. As a result, tomatoes produce fruits faster and better, and most importantly, they practically do not have phytophthora.
Anna NIKONOVA, Gorki
The basis of taste - minerals
“Magnesium, molybdenum, sulfur, calcium, boron - this is the basis of the taste and aroma of tomatoes!” - An agronomist told me a few years ago. According to him, it is especially important to carry out three feeding. The first - when the first flower brush appears, the second - when the fruit is poured, the third - at the peak of the harvest. Since then, in advance of stocking complex fertilizer, which is composed of all these elements, and feed the plants according to the instructions. Sweet tomatoes grow!
Olga Ilyina
Secret sweets
Familiar gardener from Poland said that when watering tomatoes adds monosodium glutamate to the water. According to her, tomatoes grow sweet and tasty, even in rainy summer. But no matter how much I looked for this substance, I could not be found. Maybe there are other ways to influence the taste of tomatoes?
Anastasia Peskova, Soligorsk
- Sodium glutamate is a popular additive in the modern food industry, but for plants it is neither a source of nutrients nor a growth promoter. Therefore, adding glutamate when watering makes no sense. However, it is possible to improve the taste of tomatoes with the help of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Correct menu
Both deficiencies and an oversupply of nutrients can cause cracks in tomatoes.
During the loading and ripening of fruits it is better to refuse from nitrogen fertilizers. Instead of them, once a day in 10-14, add one of the following solutions after watering under each bush for 0,5-0,7 l:
- - 20-30 g of calcium or potassium nitrate per 10 l of water;
- - 20-25 g of magnesium sulfate per bucket of water.
Yanina GORBATENKO, agronomist-chemist
- - When the fruits begin to pour, 1 tsp. Dilute potassium monophosphate in 10 l of water, distribute the solution to 4-5 plants.
- - Once every two weeks in the process of filling and ripening tomatoes 100 g of wood ash pour 10 liters of hot water, insist in a warm place for a day. Pour 0,5 liters of the composition under the bush.
Anton LESHCHEV, Cand. of sciences
Nourishing watering
Last year, she could not get enough of the tomato crop. And all thanks to the secrets that my neighbor shared with me.
- I watered tomatoes 1-2 times a week in mild weather, every 3 days - in the heat. I kept the water for irrigation in rusty metal barrels to saturate with iron.
- Two weeks after transplanting, the seedlings diluted 10 g of potassium, magnesium sulfate, superphosphate and zinc, 15 g of copper chloroxide and 10 g of boric acid in 5 l of water. After pouring with clean water, 0,7 l of solution was poured under each plant. Then she fed tomatoes every two weeks with this composition. Last time - 25 days before the start of the harvest.
Claudia SHUPIKOVA
Feed for peppers
Do it twice
During the growing season, peppers should be fed twice.
The first time is through 10-15 days after planting a solution of mullein or bird droppings, diluting with water in the ratio 1: 7-8 and 1: 12-15, respectively.
The second - in the phase of formation of fruits with the same fertilizers, only 10-40 g of ammophos or superphosphate, 50-15 g of potassium chloride and 20-150 g of sifted wood ash should be added to 200 l of solution. You need to feed only under the root, and then fertilize the fertilizer into the soil. To improve flowering and fruit formation, foliar feeding with boron in the budding phase (2 g of boric acid per 10 l of water) is carried out.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
From bananas to saltpeter
From the middle of summer, when quite large fruits are already hanging on the bushes, every two weeks I feed the peppers with this infusion.
Ground ground stalks and dried or frozen banana skins are poured into a 20-liter container for a third of the volume. Pour two-thirds of warm water and put in a warm place. As soon as the mass is fermented and a peculiar smell appears, I also add a liter of ash extract (I fill it with a liter jar of ash with a bucket of boiling water, let it cool down). Before use, dilute with water 1: 7.
Last year, for the first time, she carried out foliar supplements with Vermicofe (based on biohumus). Fruits poured right before our eyes.
And if I notice the first signs of top rot, I feed the peppers with a solution of calcium nitrate. 1 -2 times when watering add to each bucket of water for 20 g of the drug. Additionally, I grow in a bucket of water 10-15 g of saltpeter and spray the plants from the sprayer once every 5-7 days before the problem is fixed.
Elena Morozova, Art. Poltava Krasnodar Territory
What an appetite!
During the period of fruiting of sweet pepper, I feed the plants for the first time with infusion of bird droppings (1: 6), and in a week - with a solution of urea (10-15 g per bucket of water). In addition, during the summer I water every 7-10 days with warm infused water with homemade apple vinegar (2 Art. Per 200 liter barrel of water). Such water does not "bloom" for a long time, the peppers willingly absorb it.
Victor KARETNIKOV, Orenburg
Feed for cabbage
Simple and effective
I feed white cabbage 1-2 times after watering: 5 g of urea and double superphosphate, 6 g of potassium sulfate per 1 sq. M (or 8 of diammofosca per 1 sq. M). With the second feeding, I increase the amount of potassium, and reduce nitrogen.
Ivan SUPRUN, Kharkiv region
Mineral "feast"
I do not complain about the cabbage harvest. The secret is in good nutrition.
Two weeks after planting in open ground, I spray plants with green Crystalone (60 g for 10 l of water). In July, with brown Crystalone (100 g per 10 l of water), and as soon as the ovary appears, in rainy weather I bring in a dry nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 1 m2) or spray it with a solution of urea (1 g per 1 l of water) .
Maria BOGDEVICH, p / o Mikhanovichi
Thank you neighbor!
It often happened that the cabbages of late white cabbage were tied loose. Thanks to my neighbor, she shared a secret - now every year I take off dense crunchy kochanchiki.
One month before cleaning, I dilute it in a bucket of water l. superphosphate and 2 nitrofoski. I water on 1 l of solution for each plant. After 1 days fertilizing repeat.
Valentina OZETNIK
Four "dishes" for broccoli
Last summer I was especially pleased with broccoli. The heads grew large and dense. And all because it was the right menu for cabbage.
- The first time I fed the seedlings two weeks after planting in the garden: after watering I poured 0,7 l of mullein solution (1:10) under each plant. - Two weeks later I sprayed with HB-101 solution (2 drops per 1 liter of water).
- When inflorescences began to form, 10 g of superphosphate, 40 g of ammonium nitrate and 20 g of potassium sulfate were diluted in 10 l of water. I poured cabbage with clean water, then 1 liter of solution was poured under each plant.
- I carried out the fourth top dressing after harvesting the first crop. Into 10 l of water diluted 30 g of potassium sulfate, 20 g of superphosphate and 10 g of ammonium nitrate. 0,7 l of nutritional composition was poured under each plant.
Anna Poyarkova.
Top dressing for potatoes
Before hilling
I spend one of the most important feedings of potatoes before the first hilling. Mixing chicken litter with wood ash (2: 1). Pour the mixture with water (1: 2), mix thoroughly, insist for several hours. I pierce the ground between four bushes with a wooden stake to a depth of 20. Fill the well with a nutrient composition. With this approach, we take about 10 kg of bird droppings per hundred squares. After - I spud.
Natalia ANTONOV, Kaliningrad
The described option of applying organic fertilizer is good because it helps to avoid burns of potato leaves and save fertilizer. But the concentration of the solution must be reduced. The optimal ratio of organic mixture and water - 1: 15.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Iodine gives health!
This element is vital not only to man, but also to plants. Every year I am preparing a health supplement for potatoes. I spray bushes in the period of 0,01 budding with% potassium iodide solution (1 g per bucket of water on the 0,5 weave). As a result, plants produce more large tubers, which during storage practically do not rot and do not get sick.
Anatoly Khirilov, Donetsk region
Will prompt the leaves
- - If the stems are very thin, and the leaves are small and directed upwards, the plants lack nitrogen.
- - The leaves are curly and have become light green in color - there is not enough phosphorus.
- - Narrow long pale leaves sticking up - potatoes need potassium.
- - Brown spots on the bottom leaves indicate a lack of magnesium in wet weather or zinc in drought.
Depending on what the plants lack, I breed mineral fertilizers according to the instructions and sprinkle potatoes over the leaves. I spend the last top dressing no later than a month before harvesting.
Valery PEHTEROV, Knyazhitsy village
SUPPORT FOR ROOPS
Grow carrots!
Immediately after thinning, I water the carrots with clean water and feed the infusion of mullein (1: 8) or bird droppings (1: 18). If there was no organic matter on hand, in 10 l of water I dilute the matchbox of the nitroammophone. The next day, loose bed. And after 15-20 days after the first I spend the second feeding. This time I dissolve in a bucket of water through a matchbox of double superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
Frans Khalilov, Tatarstan
TIP: Feed carrots twice. The first time - through 20 days after germination: 1 st.l. potassium sulfate, 1,5 st.l. double superphosphate, 1 tsp Urea I grow in 10 l of water. The solution is enough for 3 square meters of beds. I spend the second top dressing later with a 15 drain after the first: 2 st.l. nitrophosphate or nitroammofoski on 10 l of water. Spending on 5 l on 1 sq.m.
Victor BURUTO
"Giant" for celery
Celery feed twice per season. The first time is at the beginning of June, the second one is three weeks later. For dressings use complex fertilizers SPINOL, Fertility, Kemira.
Alexander SHKLYAROV, Cand. s-hnauk
Beetroot is sweeter from salt
I water the beets with this solution: 50 g of rock salt on 10 l of water. Pests and diseases bypass the beds. And roots are much sweeter. However, I remember that the excess salt in the garden, as well as on the table, is harmful.
Tamara MELNIKOVA, the village of Churilovichi, Minsk region
Ash therapy
In June, depending on the weather, I water the 1-2 beets once a week. In the middle of the month I feed with the ash extract once. I cook like that. I fill a liter jar with ash, pour it with boiling water to the top, insist to cool it, filter and dilute 10 l of water. I water under a root.
Elena Groshavin, Moscow
NOT A COMPOST ONE, OR ORGANIC NUTRITION FOR VEGETABLES
Experienced gardeners know that vegetables without proper nutrition will not give a rich harvest.
Therefore, trying to find and prepare the most nutritious, useful, versatile composition. The fact that you can include in the "diet" of plants, and from which it is better to give up, tell readers and experts.
How to
Fermented herb infusion - one of the most versatile and affordable means for top-dressing virtually all vegetable crops. Recipes for cooking may vary, but there are basic rules you need to know.
To make the infusion, use plastic barrels or large buckets. Metal tanks can not be used.
Do not complicate life with unnecessary work. Do not be afraid to send grass to the barrel with roots, as well as diseased plants. In an anoxic and aggressive environment, all pathogens die, and the roots will disintegrate into nutrients.
For the fermentation process to pass quickly, add a barrel 1 st.l. any nitrogen fertilizer.
No shelf life
The husband gave an old plastic barrel under the "green" fertilizer. Prepared with it herbal infusion, fed all the vegetables, but left more than half of the concentrate. Next time it will take two weeks. Do not spoil the mating during this time?
Valentina Ivanova, Grodno
Yeast dressing
- In two weeks nothing will happen to the concentrate. Calmly apply it when you are thinking next time to feed vegetables. A fermented herbal mass after double use send to compost or immediately under the digging.
Alexander Gorny, Cand. of sciences
In a large plastic container I fill in liter 9 with lukewarm water, 2 Art. yogurt, add 1,5 Art. sugar or xnumx fermented jam. 0,5 g fresh yeast I drive in 300 Art. heated water and mix with the base. Covering the lid. I leave to wander in the warmth for 1-7 days. When fermentation is over, I filter the concentrate. 10 l dressing dissolve in 1 l water. Use for peppers, cucumbers, peas, beans, potatoes and other vegetables. Pour 10 l of nutrient composition under the plant. For cabbage, I arrange a “shower” from this solution once a week in 1-2. After such dressings, vegetables not only grow and bear fruits better, but also get sick less often.
Infusion of dandelion leaves is not suitable for feeding cabbage and beets. A horse sorrel, wheat grass, quinoa and buttercup should not be added to the barrel with a "green" fertilizer. They contain substances that inhibit the growth of vegetables.
The bred from separate grasses allows not only to feed up vegetables, but also to achieve certain results.
- - Nettle infusion fertilizes all crops and protects cruciferous (cabbage, radish) from damage by fleas.
- - Comfrey contains a large amount of potassium and phosphorus. The infusion of this herb is especially useful for tomatoes and peppers during the ripening period.
To enhance the effect of fertilizing 10 st.l. superphosphate dissolve in 1 -2 l of hot water, add to the barrel of volume 200 l with grass and water, tightly close the lid or wrap the food film and let it ferment for two weeks.
Before using the concentrated "green" infusion, dilute with water 1: 10.
Herbal remnants in a barrel pour up to the top with water, let it brew 1 -2 a day and use the compound undiluted.
Claudia SHUPIKOVA, Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
With nettles do not fight
The stems and leaves of nettle are rubbed with a hatchet. In a metal barrel I insert a dense bag for the debris of a suitable volume, I fill in it a nettle mesh (slightly more than half). Fill up with warm water, add a pack (100 g) of fresh yeast and 1-2 a handful of valerian roots. I close everything with a lid and leave to wander for about two weeks.
When the infusion darkens and ceases to foam - top dressing is ready. I grow it with water 1: 10 and water the vegetables under the root.
True, tomatoes feed this composition only when green tomatoes are already hanging on the bushes (for early ripening). And I do not water, but I spray.
Evgenia KUTIN, p. Vvedenskoe of the Kurgan region.
See also: Iodine against diseases and pests, preparation of solutions for fertilizing, etc.
JULY
Works of the month
- - Sowing seeds of green crops, perennial vegetables, turnips, winter radish.
- - Tying, pinching (pinching) of cucumbers and tomatoes.
- - Thinning of garden plantings, regular weed removal.
- - Planting seedlings of cucumbers (tentatively from July 5-15) and tomato seedlings (from about July 15-25) for growing in a winter greenhouse according to the second cultivation.
- - Loosening of beds, mulching of the soil.
- - Harvesting the first crops.
- - Fertilizing vegetables in protected and open ground.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - preventive spraying against diseases and pests: 13, 14;
- - top dressing with fertilizers on the soil: 15, 16, 17 (before lunch);
- - application of herbicides against weeds: 17, 18, 19;
- - filling compost structures: 15, 16, 17 (before lunch);
- - watering plants: 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 20, 21,22;
- - herding of tomatoes: 4, 5, 22, 23, 24;
- - sowing of green manure: 10, 11, 12, 20, 21,22;
- - repeated crops: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Healthy diet for vegetables
In July, the basis for the future harvest is actively laid, so light herbal infusions and other organic supplements are not enough.
- - For cabbage, mix 3 tbsp. superphosphate and 1 tsp complex fertilizer with microelements, dilute everything in 10 liters of water, pour 0,7 liters under each plant.
- - For 10 square meters of onion, mix 150 g of potassium salt with 200 g of superphosphate, draw shallow grooves between the rows and evenly distribute the fertilizer in them. Water the plantations abundantly.
- - For the first time in July, feed the beets with a solution of boric acid (2 g per 10 liters of water), the second time with potassium (2 tbsp of wood ash per 10 liters of water).
Dmitry DIYAKONOV, agronomist
There is no place in the garden!
Leaf aphid weakens the plants, sucks the juice and releases the poison, because of which the leaves curl, die. There are several effective folk methods of fighting stley. But so that insects do not develop immunity to treatments, constantly alternate spraying.
- - Grate 300 g of household or 100 g tar soap on a fine grater and dissolve in 10 l of water.
- - Boil 300 g of sifted wood ash for 30 minutes in 10 l of water. Strain and cool the broth, add 40-50 ml of liquid soap to it.
- - Grind 1 kg of fresh potato tops or 0,5 kg of horse sorrel roots, pour 10 liters of boiling water, leave for 3-5 hours. Stir, strain, squeeze the green mass thoroughly.
Plants under the "Protection"
Last season, for the first time, I bought the Zashchita soil, in which the predatory nematode Nemabod lives. It moves in the soil in search of pests (wireworms, caterpillars of the moth), penetrates into the insects and eats them from the inside. Since many plants were already sitting on the beds, they simply sprinkled a handful of soil around each bush and slightly loosened it. And when planting potatoes poured into each well on 1 st.l. "Protection."
And although during harvest no-no and there were some harmful larvae, even more turned out to be empty skins from them.
Galina KIZIMA, St. Petersburg
- - 300 g of chopped onion or onion peel fill 10 liters of hot water and leave for 5 hours. Strain, add 50 g of crushed laundry or liquid soap.
- - 5 kg of tomato tops, pour 10 liters of water, bring to a boil and boil 30 minutes. Before spraying, dilute the broth with water (1: 3) and add 50-60 ml of liquid soap.
Dmitry DIYAKONOV, agronomist
Citrus Fight
Throughout the year, I collect and dry the citrus peel. I pass through a meat grinder and I store in tin or glass jars. In the summer of 2 art. dry orange peels and 200- 300 g of crushed fresh grass wormwood pour a bucket of cold water. I insist 4-5 days, filter, add 2-3 st.l. liquid soap and spray every 5-7 days damaged by spider mites plants. Once a week I spray the cabbage with the same remedy - butterflies fly around my garden sideways. Not a single caterpillar!
Irina KUDRINA, Voronezh
Drive off the small, scare away the striped
Valery Kazharsky, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, tells us about what folk remedies to scare off pests from the garden and to which “chemistry” the especially annoying individuals are not used to.
What pests appear in the garden first?
- The earliest crops of radish, radish, turnips, daikon and cabbage are the very first to be hit. Cruciferous fleas are hunting them. Before the appearance of these leaves the plants are especially vulnerable. And if fleas eat the growing point - the shoots die. Therefore, for the prevention of sowing seeds that are already pickled from pests. And if insects still made a “feast” on your garden beds, use chemical preparations that include deltamethrin (Decis Profi) or lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon).
Following the attack go Colorado beetles. I heard that the dusting of potato, tomato and eggplant bushes with sifted birch ashes (10 kg per 1 weave) is fatal for these insects. The main thing is to carry out the procedure in the early morning or after the rain, while the leaves are wet. Is it so?
- At the exit stage of adult beetles (striped, capable of flight and migration) it is better to start with scaring. All sorts of pollination and spraying will be appropriate. Indeed, it is possible to powder the bushes with ashes or cornmeal, to treat with infusions of burning and poisonous herbs (pepper, tobacco, wormwood). After laying eggs and the emergence of the larvae of the Colorado potato beetle will have to use chemical means of protection.
But readers complain that many previously popular insecticides can no longer cope with the Colorado beetles. Which to choose?
“Indeed, over time, insects will become accustomed to the active substances of insecticides, and after processing many individuals manage to survive.” Currently, the most effective drugs are based on acetamiprid (Mospilan), imidacloprid (Pikus), thiamethoxam (Aktara) and thiacloprid (Biskaya, Viri, Asp). Keep in mind that dressing (presowing treatment of seeds or potato tubers) is more effective because it allows you to fight soil pests (bears, larvae of the May beetle, wireworms), but it is more toxic than spraying on the leaves. By the way, in order to reduce the amount of work, it would be useful to combine treatment from pests using biologics (Epin, Novosil or Ecosil) and fungicides (for example, from late blight).
Recorded by Anna POYARKOVA
Natural poison - Colorad is not happy
To cope with adult Colorado beetles and their larvae, preparing the infusion. I put the full half-liter jar of living striped beetles into a container with a volume of 10 l, fill it to the top with cold water and tightly close the lid. After 7 days after all the insects settle to the bottom, the infusion is filtered. If there are few beetles on potatoes, I dilute the resulting poison with water (1: 3) and spray the bushes pointwise, in places where pests accumulate. If there are a lot of insects, I prepare a more concentrated solution (1: 1) and treat the whole area.
Already after 24 hours, the results are noticeable: the larvae die, and the adult beetles leave the potato planting. If necessary, I repeat the procedure in a couple of days.
Galina SAVETSKAYA, Izyaslav
WORD TO THE SPECIALIST
The author of the board offers an interesting method, but there is no scientific confirmation to him. Therefore, to say that the method will work or, on the contrary, will be a waste of time, it is impossible. To find out for sure - conduct an experiment in a small area. If this is not time, use one of the proven methods.
- - 300 g chopped into a pulp of garlic or garlic arrows pour 2-3 liters of warm (not hot!) Water. Hold in a dark place for 4 days. Strain, dilute 12 liters of cool water. Add 60 ml of liquid soap.
- - 150 g of hot pepper pour 2-3 liters of water, cook on low heat for 2 hours. Cool, strain, dilute in 12 liters of water. Add 60 ml of liquid soap.
- - 450 g of onion husks pour 15 liters of hot (+ 60 ... + 90 deg.) Water, insist a day. Strain and add 60 ml of liquid soap before use.
- - 200 g of chopped dry or fresh grass of dandelion and horsetail pour 2 liters of water in a pan. Bring to a boil and boil for 15 minutes. Dilute 100 ml of broth in 10 l of water.
- - Mix 400 g of crushed dry or fresh herb of wormwood with 300 g of sifted wood ash. Pour 12 liters of hot water, leave for 3 hours.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Outwit flea
To protect the seedlings from cruciferous flea, immediately after sowing the seeds, spray the bed with Aktar's solution (according to the instructions), then cover with spunbond. Non-woven material will not allow insects to gentle shoots. Remove the shelter when real leaflets appear on 5-6 seedlings - then the flea will be no longer scary.
Do not touch, spider, our zucchini!
Spider mites are especially dangerous for zucchini and cucumbers in warm, windless weather. If you notice light green dots on the leaves, which very quickly began to turn into large spots, and on the underside of the leaves were covered with cobwebs, immediately prepare one of the preparations.
- - 150 g of fresh leaves and husks of garlic, pour 10 liters of boiling water, let it brew for a day, strain, add 30 ml of liquid soap. Spray plants abundantly, especially carefully treat the underside of the leaves and the soil under the zucchini.
- - 0,5 buckets of onion husks pour 10 liters of boiling water, leave for a day. Dilute with water (1: 2), add 1 tbsp. liquid soap and spray the same way as in the previous case.
- - 400 g of fresh grass of Datura ordinary pour 10 l of hot water, let it brew for 10 hours, strain, add 20-40 g of laundry soap grated on a fine grater, mix. Treat damaged plants.
Remember that dope is poisonous! Spray in gloves, do not let the composition on the skin and mucous membranes. After treatment, wash your hands and face with water.
Anna LEBEDEVA, Master of Perm University of Agriculture and Technology
Carrots on 5 points!
In order not to remain without a harvest of carrots, during the flight of a carrot fly (in early July), treat the plants according to the instructions with Prestige solution.
- - Throughout the season, after watering and rains, dust the beds with carrots with tobacco dust, hot ground pepper or dry mustard.
- “I like another remedy.” I distribute 1 bottle of birch tar in 10 liters of warm (+35 deg.) Water. I water the carrots under the root: the first time - in the phase of three real leaves, the second - at the end of July.
- - I alternate with infusion of wormwood. Bucket of chopped fresh herbs wormwood pour boiling water to the top. I insist before cooling, filter. I divide into 3 parts, each diluted with 8 liters of water. I water the beds, spread the cake in the aisles.
- - In addition, I take away the beds for carrots, on which last season I grew tomatoes, garlic or onions. I sow the seeds so that it is not necessary to thin out then. Before sowing, I process the seeds according to the instructions of Trichodermin, Azotofit or Fitocid-r.
Anna GORDEEVA, Cand. sr sciences.
General cleaning in the garden
Get rid of the wireworm helped neighbor. She said that these pests settle on sloppy sites. Therefore, you need time to get rid of all the weeds, and first of all - from the beetles of wheatgrass wireworms. And also immediately remove the grass torn from the beds and break up large clumps of earth, under which the female pests lay eggs. I did not want to water the soil with “Chemistry”, so we decided to use the advice. Already next season, annoying insects became much less, and after a year the wireworms disappeared altogether.
Elena MITINA, Irpen
Dangerous "beauties" on cabbage
Cabbage butterflies moths lay eggs on the underside of the leaves. After 6-13 days, caterpillars appear from them, which grow quite quickly and, if not dealt with, are able to completely gnaw plants in a short time, leaving only the veinlets. But limit the number of butterflies really!
- - Once every 2-3 days, look through the leaves of plants and destroy masonry (bright yellow eggs of white whites are clearly visible).
- - Cook the thick sugar syrup. Dilute 10-12 g of dry yeast in 1 tbsp. warm water. Mix the chilled syrup with the diluted yeast so that a mass is obtained that is reminiscent of liquid honey in consistency. Pour it into plastic cups and other containers. Arrange cabbage and other plants along the rows (one container per 1 sq.m). Butterflies will definitely want to try a treat - and get bogged down in syrup.
- Check the bait several times a day. Immediately destroy the pests.
- - 500 g of sifted ash pour 10 liters of hot water. Mix everything thoroughly, add 2 tbsp. liquid soap and grassy broom, sprinkle liberally with cabbage leaves on top and bottom. Cabbage trees do not sit on such leaves. Carry out the treatments until the heads of cabbage begin to tie.
- - If the caterpillars nevertheless appeared, but there is no way to collect the pests manually, spray the plantation according to the instructions with a solution of Actellik, Kinmix or Karate. Insecticides can only be used during leaf formation. If the treatment is carried out later (when the head of cabbage has already formed), the plants may not have time to remove toxic substances.
Anna LEBEDEVA, Master of Perm University of Agricultural Technology
Butterfly Night - Fight
Winter scoops (moths) fly for the first time in May, the second - in July-August. In order not to let the scoop on your site, you can use chemicals, but you can first try to ward off insects with folk methods.
- - Dilute the fermented jam with water 1: 3, pour into small containers (baby food jars) and hang them a meter from the ground. In the morning, remove those sunken butterflies from the traps.
- - At the end of July, every 5-7 days, spray the beds with infusion of burdock leaves, milkweed or wormwood (300 g of chopped fresh grass, 1 tbsp of wood ash and 1 tbsp of liquid soap, pour 10 l of boiling water, leave for 5-6 hours )
- - Spread cut mustard leaves in the aisles of the beds with beets and other root crops - its essential oils repel night butterflies.
- - If the caterpillar scoop nevertheless attacked your vegetables, spray the plants with a solution of Decis (2 ml per 10 l of water), Sherpa (1,5 ml per 10 l of water) or another insecticide (according to instructions).
Anna LEBEDEVA, Master of Perm University of Agriculture and Technology
Protection without "chemistry"
Tomatoes, peppers |
|
Whitewoods |
5 cloves garlic chop blender in 0,5 l of water, pour 10 l of water, strain. Spray the plants and the soil beneath them at the rate of 1 liters per 1 sq.m. |
Peppers, cucumbers |
|
Spiderwebs pliers |
1 Art. Onion Husks Pour 1 L of boiling water, leave for a day, strain and process the underside of the leaves. Spray once a week until the ticks disappear. |
cucumbers |
|
aphid |
Dissolve a piece of laundry soap in 10 L of water. Treat the bushes once every 4-5 days until the pests disappear. |
Slugs |
In the afternoon, spread around the plants pieces of roofing material and boards. In the morning, collect slugs from under the shelters and destroy the plants pieces of roofing material and boards. In the morning, collect slugs from under cover and destroy |
Irina Gurieva, Ph.D. Comp. FNTS them. Michurin
Coffee from slugs
Last year, on the Internet, I read on one of the forums that slugs are afraid of ... instant coffee. 1 tsp powder poured 1 tbsp. boiling water, allowed to cool. At night, when the slugs began to crawl out of shelters in search of food, the plants themselves sprinkled abundantly around the cabbage. She waited about 40 minutes - and spent the second treatment. All the pests that hit my favorite drink died. I sprayed it once every 1-2 weeks - and I saved the crop, and I did not have to use “chemistry”.
Olga GRIBKO
WORD TO THE SPECIALIST
Caffeine, indeed, has a negative effect on slugs and snails. Large individuals instant coffee scares, and small ones can destroy. Usually gardeners use a solution of the cheapest powder. And in order to get the maximum effect, after spraying, they also dust the coffee with the soil next to the plants.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Tobacco shower
Against aphids and mites 100 g tobacco (can be from cigarettes), fill 1 l with warmed to + 60 hail, water, leave to cool, bring the volume of water at room temperature to 5 l, add 1-2 st.l. liquid soap and spray the plants damaged by pests.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Drove the caterpillars
About the fact that the caterpillars of butterflies do not like soda, learned from friends. According to their advice, early in the morning, with dew, she powdered cabbage with soda - and the very next day only dead pests were left on the leaves. By the way, soda has the same effect on slugs. In the evening in dry weather I fill in a border from soda. In the morning I collect the dead pests who tried to get through the barrier.
Irina KUDRINA, Voronezh
What are dangerous earwigs
Last year, in a greenhouse with peppers, strange beetles with a tail were bred. There was no escape from them, they ruined the vegetables on the vine. What are these pests? How to save the harvest from them in the future?
Svetlana Tereshchenko
You have earwigs settled - small insects with forceps on the back end of the body, something similar to cockroaches. In the diet of these omnivorous pests honey, fruits, stems and leaves of garden and garden crops.
- In order to free the garden and the garden from woodlice and earwigs, first clean up the mess. Get rid of damp, waste littered areas and dumped trees. Take out the compost heaps.
Snail Barrier
For two years, my garden was attacked by grape snails. "Chemistry" I do not want to apply. Are there any popular methods of struggle?
Ekaterina Sergeeva, St. Petersburg
- - After that, lay wet rags and old cans in the area. After a day, pick them up and pour boiling water over the collected earwigs.
- - Spray a bed of peppers with onion-concentrate. 50 g of garlic cloves and bulbs, chopped into gruel, pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for a day, add a little liquid soap. To prevent insects from returning, repeat the treatment once a week.
- - If there are a lot of pests, spray the plants with Fufanon, Inta-Vir or Spark (according to the instructions).
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
- Put plastic gutters along the perimeter of the beds (or place plastic bottles cut along with twisted caps), fill them with water. Through such a barrier snails will not be able to move. You can buy plastic rims with bent edges or cut old plastic buckets and fasten rings around the plants.
If it is not possible to put physical barriers, 60-70 g of mustard powder dissolve in 0,5 l of water, let stand for 30 minutes, dilute with water 1: 3 and spray the plants. After rain or watering, repeat the treatment.
Next to the vegetables that are most affected by snail attacks, plant garlic, lavender, thyme, rosemary, parsley or mustard. Their fragrance scares off pests.
Irina Gurieva, teach, comp. FNTS them. Michurin
We drive away moles from a site
Last year, moles completely defeated. We’ve destroyed half the flowers, I can’t get through the garden, I’m silent about the garden. The husband put molehills (ordered on the Internet), on the advice of his neighbors, poured carbide into the passages and spilled plenty of water - nothing worked ... Tell me what to do?
Vera Strelchenko, Saratov
Olga YAKOVENKO, Nikolaevka advises:
- To cope with the moles helped the beans. Split the whole garden into rectangular sectors with a length of 7 m and a width of 3-4 m. In the spring, around the perimeter of each sector, sowed the beans - and, oddly enough, the method worked. Already that year in the garden there is no mole mole. And dishes with beans have become familiar both on my table and in the diet of your favorite layers.
Cats and weathervanes from moles on the protection of summer cottages
I read on the Internet that the moles bypass the sites on which the grouse grows imperial. And they are afraid of sharp odors. Only shove the "plow" should be directly in mole course. Sowed hazel grouse seeds, and stuffed with elder and tansy, put a rag soaked in kerosene into a pair of mink. But, apparently, my "lodgers" had a "runny nose" - the mounds continued to appear. Tell me, are there any other ways to get rid of moles?
Lyudmila Stepanova, Svetlogorsk
Oksana ZARYNYUK, Cherkasy advises:
- When I first encountered a massive invasion of moles, I placed metal rods over the whole site at a distance of one and a half meters from each other, on which cans were loosely fixed. And the very next day ... ran away from the cottage from the cacophony of metal clangs. The moles did not dig new holes, but the price of such a victory was too high ... A friend suggested that the moles are afraid of not only noise, but also vibration. Weathervanes helped out.
Next to the mole knolls at a depth of 10-15, see it is stuck in pieces of plastic pipes with a length of 1,5-1,7. In the upper part, fixed weathervanes, which you
cut from thin tin and gathered a neighbor. In general, the design turned out flimsy. But even they were enough to drive away the pests.
And then she settled in the country ... a cat. Over time, there were no moles or mice in the area. And I visit Murka and even feed in the winter. She was the most reliable protector of my harvest.
See also: Feeding for indoor plants with their own hands - how and what to do?
AUGUST
Works of the month
- - Processing of free beds: digging, cultivating, sowing green manure.
- - Care of planting in open and closed ground:. Mulching, loosening, hilling, watering, top dressing, weeding.
- - Harvesting and processing of crops.
- - Repeated sowing of radish seeds, head of lettuce and other green crops.
- - Pinching greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers to limit growth.
- - Planting perennials: rhubarb, chives and multi-tiered onions.
- - Drying and storing onions and garlic.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - filling compost structures: 11, 12, 13, 21,22, 23;
- - foliar top dressing (spraying on leaves): 16, 17, 18;
- - watering plants: 6,7,8, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27;
- - sowing of green manure: 6, 7,8, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Tomato Prevention
Night and day temperature drops and dew fallout contribute to the development of plant diseases.
To protect the crop of tomatoes in the following ways.
1. Ventilate the greenhouses in a timely manner.
2. Water the bushes of tomatoes only at the root in the morning.
3. Once in 7-10 days after 2 weeks after transplanting, do preventive treatment of plants, for example, with whey solution (1,5 l for 10 l for water + 1 tsp of iodine) or with the following composition: 1,5 tsp. Zelenka, 1 Art. baking soda, 2 l cow's milk, according to 1 st.l. slaked lime and blue vitriol on 10 l water.
4. Accelerate fruit ripening.
5. Peel and ripen green fruit.
6. Remove and destroy affected brushes and plants. Infected fruits warm minutes 2 in hot (exactly + 60 degrees) water.
Alexander Gorny, Cand. of sciences
What will help from diseases
culture | Disease | Symptoms | Treatment |
Carrots, onions, cabbage, Bulgarian pepper, tomatoes, eggplants | Seryagnil | Brown spots on the leaves and shoots, which later become covered with a gray fluffy bloom | If the plantings are thickened, dilute. Treat affected plants with Zircon and Phytosporin (as directed) |
Tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, cucumbers | Stem rot | Rotting stem, leaves appear white on the leaves. The top of the plant fades | At the initial stage, wipe areas with a bloom with a dry rag, sprinkle with powdered chalk with chalk. Spray the patina with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, sprinkle with wood ash or soot. Treat diseased plants with Zircon and Fitosporin (according to instructions) |
Tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers | Vertex fruit rot | Whitish spots appear on the fruits, then the fruit in this place rots | Treat plants with Phytosporin and Baikal EM (according to the instructions) |
All vegetables | Mealy dew | White bloom on the top of the leaves | 30 days before harvest, you can spray the affected areas with 1,5% copper sulfate solution (15 g per 1 l of water). If there is less time before harvesting, treat the plants with Zircon and Fitosporin solutions (according to the instructions) |
Tomatoes in the greenhouse | White mold | A yellowish bloom appears on the leaves. If nothing is done, the plants will die in 4 days | Stop watering, remove diseased leaves, powder the soil with wood ash. Spray all the plants with Phytosporin and Zircon (as instructed) |
All vegetables | Mosaic | A yellow-green “mosaic” appears on the leaves. | Can not be cured, remove infected plants and burn |
Tomatoes and potatoes | Fitoftoroz | Brown spots on the leaves, then - on the stem and fruits | Treat the plants with the drug Consento (according to the instructions). For prophylaxis - Herbal Sporin (according to the instructions) |
All kinds of cabbage, root vegetables | Fuzarioz | Yellow and fade leaves | In the evening in calm weather, treat the plants with solutions of Baktofit and Gamair (according to the instructions) |
Potato | destroyed | Irregularly shaped ulcers appear on tubers. | In the evening, in calm weather, spray the plants with Prestige (according to the instructions) |
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
My own "Fitosporin"
I spray with phytosporin not only tomato bushes, but also hay mulch under them. And last year he experimented: he soaked the hay with water and folded it in plastic bags for a couple of days to make it perepelo. Laid it under the plant layer in 10, see. During the season, shed water occasionally to keep it dry. The result was satisfied.
Tomatoes fruited until the fall and did not hurt.
Ilya RESHETNIKOV
Iodine and yogurt from phytophthors
In order not to let the phytophthor in a tomato greenhouse, I immediately hang the flasks of iodine under the roof of the greenhouse and next to the window pane, immediately after planting the seedlings. In 10 days after the plants started, I spray them with a solution of kefir (1 l to 5-7 L of water). I repeat processing once in 2-3 weeks until the fall - and I'm not complaining about the harvest.
Alisa GARANINA, Smolensk
TIP: For the treatment of late blight I recommend using serum from yogurt. Cottage cheese serum is less effective because living organisms that fight the disease die when heated.
Alexander SHKLYAROV, Cand. of sciences
Preparing solution Bordeaux fluid
For the treatment and prevention of phytophthora, the Bordeaux liquid solution, which is prepared from copper sulphate and sour lime, is popular.
Dissolve copper sulfate in hot water and bring the volume to 5 l. In another container, dilute the hydrated lime and also bring the volume to 5 l. Strain the lime milk through cheesecloth. Slowly pour a solution of copper sulfate into it, stir it. Immerse the metal object in the composition. If a slightly reddish bloom appears on the metal - the solution is no good, add a little more lime.
To prepare 2% Bordeaux liquid for 10 l of water, take 200 g of vitriol and as much lime. For 3% s - 300 g of vitriol and as much lime, etc. By the way, there is a Bordeaux liquid for sale in dry form with instructions for preparation and use.
Raisa MATVEEVA, Cand. Biol. science
SHORT
Tomatoes from phytophthora spray with garlic infusion in the morning every two weeks. I put 200 of garlic with husks through a meat grinder, pour 3 l of warm water, insist for 24 hours, filter and add water to 10 l.
Natalia Furs
Salvation from bacteriosis
Oily angular spots or yellowish droplets on the leaves of cucumbers indicate that the plants were infected with bacteriosis. Noticed the first symptoms?
Spot on top
“Sometimes black hard spots appear on the tips of the tomatoes, going deep into the fruit,” says Sergey Samusev, a gardener from Brest, sharing his experience. - This is top (dry) rot. Appears primarily from a lack of calcium. The first sign that is often ignored is leaf curling. To avoid illness, when planting in each well I add a pinch of complex fertilizer (you can pour it under bushes and put it up with a hoe). Calcium is given in the period of mass fruit filling. Once, when I missed the moment, I took off the affected fruits (by the way, they can be eaten by cutting out a dark place), and I treated the plants with Wapnovit - the rot did not develop any further. Instead of this, chalk, dolomite flour, calcium chloride (30-40 g per 10 l of water) or calcium nitrate (5-10 g per 1 l of water) will do. Calcium can be applied three times per season at intervals of 10 days.
Olga NIKULSHINA,
Pour 100 g of husk with 2 buckets of hot (+ 70 ... + 80 deg.) Water, cover and let stand for 1-2 days. Spray diseased bushes at the rate of 3-4 liters of composition per 10 square meters of plantings. And to prevent the spread of the disease, often ventilate the greenhouse. In the autumn, destroy all plant debris and disinfect the equipment and wooden parts of the greenhouse with a solution of bleach (200 g per 10 liters of water).
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Five simple recipes for cucumber health
In order to enjoy fresh cucumbers from summer to cold, I take care of the garden bed in my own system. As a result, diseases on plants do not notice.
1. When 3-4 leaflet appears on the plants, I spread 30 drops of iodine in a bucket of water, 20 g of household soap and 1 l of milk, I spray. I repeat the procedure in 10 days.
2. When the cucumber massively bloom, in 10 l water dissolve 2 l of whey and 150 g of sugar. I spray the plants, then I pour out 1 l for each bush. This increases the number of ovaries in cucumbers.
3. In June and early July, the withdrawal is as follows: in the evening I soak a loaf of black bread in 10 l of water, mop in the morning, add a small bubble of iodine, filter. 1 l liquid diluted in 10 L of water and spray the cucumber. The remaining composition is stored in the cellar 2-4 weeks. I spend the treatment every two weeks.
4. From the middle of summer I process cucumbers with such composition: 0,7 l onion husks fill 10 l of water, bring to a boil, remove from heat, close with lid, I insist 12-14 hours and filter. I dilute with water 1: 4. Once in 2 weeks, I sprinkle lots of leaves and spill the soil.
5. Also, starting from mid-summer, once in IQ-14 days I spray and water cucumbers with whey solution (1: 5).
Olga GRIBKO
WORD TO THE SPECIALIST
The author suggested a rather interesting, albeit laborious, scheme for caring for cucumbers.
- - The first mixture, due to iodine and soap, protects against diseases, and milk nourishes plants.
- - Whey with sugar (2nd composition) nourishes cucumbers and makes the crop a little sweeter.
- - Serum without sugar (5th composition) heals the soil and "feeds" the plant. However, a concentration of 1: 5 is the maximum permissible, be careful!
- - The bread composition is also universal: the yeast is "fed", and the film that appears after spraying on the leaves protects against diseases, although it is easily washed off by rain.
- - Onion peel enhances plant immunity and protects against spider mites.
I would add two more recipes.
1. To protect against radical decay, dilute iodine with water (1: 2), once in 2-3 weeks grease the stems.
2. To protect against powdery mildew in 1 l fresh fresh milk, dissolve 15 drops of iodine, dilute with water (1: 10). Spray plants and soil surface once every 10-14 days.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Pepper flawed
Pepper rot is manifested in the form of water-filled spots on fruits, which eventually lengthen and turn brown or black, dry and leathery.
Lost coloring fabric is wrinkled.
Fortunately, this scourge is fairly easy to handle.
Egg powder
In order to protect tomatoes and peppers from top rot, on the advice of a relative since July, on IQ-14 days I have been putting a mixture of grass and wood ash (1: 1) under the plants. I pour out two handfuls under each bush and shallowly put them into the soil with a hoe. From above plentifully I water heated with the sun water.
If it is not enough ashes, I prepare infusion. 3 Art. ash mixture pour 10 l of boiling water, insist day, pour 1 l for each plant.
Olga GRIBKO
Operation “Stop, rot!”
Just a few rainy days in a row is enough for rot stains to appear on zucchini and pumpkins.
In dry weather, I wash out the affected areas with a cleaned vodka with a sharp knife. The operated areas are abundantly smeared with freshly squeezed aloe juice. The wounds dry quickly and the fruits continue to grow and develop.
And for the prevention of the development of putrefactive processes under each fruit I enclose wooden boards or mulch bushes with straw.
Claudia SHUPIKOVA
- - First of all, make sure that the greenhouse is always warm and dry.
- - Dilute 5-10 g of calcium nitrate in 10 l of water and spray the plants at the rate of 1,5-2 l per 10 sq.m. A more concentrated solution (20 g per 10 liters of water) can be applied under the root of 1 liter under the bush once every 1 weeks.
Anna GORDEEVA, Cand. s-hnauk
Feeding and protection
Once every 10-14 days, sprinkle peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes with a solution of HB-101 or Ekosila. I noticed that as a result, the fruits grow more tasty, and the plants are less likely to get sick.
To prevent phytophthora, once a week in 2, I process tomatoes with a serum solution (1 l per 10 l water) with 10 iodine drops.
I prolong the life of borage with a similar composition, but instead of whey, I dilute fresh milk.
Lyudmila SOKOLOVA
See also: Fertilizers and fertilizers that improve the taste of vegetables
SEPTEMBER
Works of the month
- - Harvest.
- - Bookmark vegetables for storage.
- - Plant care and fruit ripening in greenhouses and greenhouses.
- - Harvesting spring and planting winter garlic.
- - Collecting seeds.
- - Soil disinfection, repair and disinfection of greenhouses, greenhouses, equipment.
- - Sowing parsley seeds in a greenhouse.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - disinfection of basements and cellars: 1,2, 10,11,12 (before lunch);
- - laying vegetables for long-term storage: 7 (after lunch), 8, 9;
- - application of herbicides against weeds: 10, 11;
- - watering plants: 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 24;
- - sowing of green manure: 3, 4, 22, 23, 24;
- - Harvesting for short-term storage: 5,6,7;
- - harvesting potatoes and other vegetables for long-term storage: 7, 8,9;
- - laying fruits and vegetables for long-term storage: 7, 8, 9;
- - home canning: 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Sawdust - baking powder
Is it possible to add sawdust to the soil in the fall as a fertilizer? ?
Boris Arkadyev, Tula region
- I do not recommend making sawdust as a fresh fertilizer. On the one hand, sawdust will loosen the ground, but on the other hand, wood, like a sponge, can take away some of the nutrients, making them inaccessible to plants. In this case we are talking about sawdust hardwood, coniferous sawdust can not be made at all because of the high content of resins.
For use as a fertilizer, sawdust must be turned over and turned into compost.
But if you fall asleep with row sawdust in the spring, then during the summer at high temperature and constant watering, they will rotate much faster, and only then they can be smelled.
Alexei SOBOLEV, Cand. of sciences
We restore soil fertility
When?
Autumn is the optimal time for soil restoration and fertilization. This should be done in September-October, about a month before the frost, but it also needs to take into account the condition of the earth: it should be moderately wet, loose. Then fertilizers are easier and more effective to put in place. How many?
Fertilizers are usually buried to the depth of a spade bayonet (18-20 cm): first they are scattered over the surface, and then they dig up a bed with a turn of a layer and level the soil with a rake.
When fertilizers are applied in the fall, despite the fact that nothing grows in the garden then, the optimal doses are still taken into account:
- - the rate of potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate) is usually 35 g per 1 sq. M;
- - phosphoric (superphosphate) - 45 g per 1 sq.m;
- - wood ash - 500 g per 1 sq.m, and if you plan to plant early vegetable crops on this site, then 600 g per 1 sq.m.
TIP: Do not overuse fertilizers such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, urea, and ammonium sulfate, as they can lead to acidification of the soil.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Organics contribute by the rules
Before steady frost, apply organic fertilizer to the soil: bird droppings, humus.
- - Scatter bird droppings on the surface of the soil (1-2 kg per 1 sq. M), but do not smell so that during the winter months the surplus of ammonia nitrogen disappears and only useful micro and macro elements remain.
- - Humus need more - 5-6 kg per 1 sq.m. And, unlike bird droppings, it should be repaired in the ground.
IMPORTANT!
In no case do not make fresh manure (mullein). It will begin to decompose and release hydrogen sulfate and ammonium into the earth. As a result, a layer of soil can be poisoned to a depth of 18.
Dilute in 5 l of water to 2,5 g of boron, copper, manganese, zinc and iron sulfates
Spray the ground before digging at the rate of 5 L per 100 sq.m.
And also add dolomite flour, which not only causes the acidity of the soil to return to normal, but also saturates the earth with calcium.
With the annual introduction of lime materials under the cabbage enough 35-40 g 1 sq.m.
Under the other vegetable crops - 20 g per 1 sq.m.
Mecheslav STEPURO, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
Lime on keel
I usually buy seedlings of cabbage in the market. Last year, no luck - the plants were infected with keel. They say the infection stays in the soil for a long time. Maybe sanitize the bed? I don’t have much space ...
Evgenia Silkina
Olga GRIBKO advises
- The beds, on which the infected cabbage has grown, grow carefully in the fall, sprinkle evenly with bleach (1 kg per 1 sq. M), digging shovels on the bayonet. Lumps do not break, so that the ground is well frozen.
In the spring I irrigate the soil profusely with a saturated solution of potassium permanganate, then I put in compost (a bucket on 1 sq. M).
For three years at this place I try not to grow any crucifers.
Rot in the garden is not the place
Two years ago, on a garden bed rotted peas and beans. Last year, they sowed zucchini seeds, but many fruits rotted right on the bushes. How to get rid of the disease from the site?
Anastasia Levanova, Krivoy Rog
Irina Melnikov advises:
- I try to use “Chemistry” as little as possible. In time I weed beds, in the autumn I remove tops and weeds from the site. I treat the garden with biological products, which include microorganisms that are safe for humans and animals.
For 2-3 weeks before the onset of stable frosts, the beds on which the vegetables were growing sick with gray mold, I dig up shovels on the bayonet.
I breed according to the instructions one of the drugs:
Baikal EM, Baktofit, Trichodermin, Planzir, Alirin-B, Fitosporin, Fitotsid. Plot the area with a solution to a depth of 10, see. In the spring I repeat the processing
If the problem arises again in the next season, in the fall I spill a section of 3 with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (10 l per 2 sq. M). In April, in dry weather to a depth of 5-10, see shed beds of 4% solution of copper oxychloride or 2% solution of Ox-syoma. Before planting, spray the wells with Quadrice solution, sconce or homa. To minimize the damage from treatments, I fill the wells with quality compost (spilling 1 into the hole), and I also mulch the beds.
Feeder traps do it yourself
Organize traps for bears, wireworms and colorado beetles.
- - Pour the chopped potato into a 0,5 L jar. Pour unrefined sunflower oil, process Regent according to the instructions. Dig a container up to the neck in the soil, cover with a board, leave a slot for honey buckets. Collect the catch once a day.
- - Spread a handful of potato peels at a distance of 1 m from each other. Once a day, collect bait and burn along with pests.
- - Peeled potatoes with skewers pierce 15 cm long. Dig in the bait to a depth of 5-6 cm at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. After 3-4 days, find them on skewers, dig and burn along with the pests.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Ants on expulsion
It is better to fight ants in the autumn, when nothing is left on the garden beds. Dig up the anthill and leave it in this form for the winter. Ants will be forced to find another place.
In addition, in the fall, remove all weeds with roots from the site - this will deprive many pests of a place for wintering. Send green residues to compost, and empty the beds abundantly spray one of the fragrant infusions:
- - 100 g of dried inflorescences of tansy pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave to cool, strain;
- - 100-200 g chopped garlic cloves, pour 5 liters of boiling water, leave for a day, strain.
Anton LESHCHEV, Cand. of sciences
Tar "aromatherapy"
Ants do not tolerate the smell of birch resin. In the autumn I dig the anthills slightly and pour birch tar in them over 2 ml. Insects immediately go in search of a new place of residence.
By the way, the same tool helps me cope with the autumn invasion of moles. I dig up all the detected molehills, put a rag into each hole, which is abundantly soaked in tar oil emulsion (I mix 250 ml of tar with 100 ml of vegetable oil). Then I fall asleep the ground. The smell of moles is very disliked - and they try to escape from my site as soon as possible.
Irina KUDRINA, Voronezh
See also: Plant nutrition - a bit of science
OCTOBER
Works of the month
- - Digging a garden, fertilizing.
- - Winter sowing seeds of beets, carrots, parsley, planting onions and garlic.
- - General cleaning and repair in the greenhouse.
- - Bookmark for storage of inventory and covering material.
- - Preparation for storage of the remaining mineral fertilizers.
- - Bookmark warm beds.
- - Bookmark compost structures.
Elena ISAEVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the following jobs:
- - fertilizing for autumn digging of the soil: 7, 8, 9;
- - harvesting potatoes and other vegetables: 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14;
- - Autumn digging of the soil with a selection of weed roots: 7, 8, 9;
- - winter sowing of seeds of vegetable plants and planting of winter garlic: 14, 15, 16;
- - home canning: 14, 15, 16;
- - shelter of perennials for the winter: 17, 18, 19,26,27.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Useful Tricks
- - After digging the ground, sprinkle liberally with wood ash. Two days later, the larvae of Colorado potato beetles, which appeared on the surface, will die.
- - 300 g of wood ash pour 1 liter of boiling water, boil for 20 minutes, insist until cool, dilute 10 liters of water and pour the soil in the area where pumpkin, beans and beets grew. This will help destroy gourds.
- - 200 g of onion husks pour 10 liters of warm water, leave for 5 days, strain and sprinkle plentifully on the beds on which plants damaged by spider mites grew. If the pests were in the greenhouse, also process all the cracks in the structure.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
General cleaning in the greenhouse and greenhouse
In order to get an excellent harvest of vegetables in the greenhouse, in the fall do a general cleaning in it. Inspect the frame, tighten the screws and correct the base. Grease the hinges of the doors and wrap them with oiled paper. Wash the frame and covering material with soapy water from inside and outside.
Down with the infection!
Spray 2% Bordeaux liquid or 3% solution of potassium permanganate over the previously cleaned greenhouse, wipe thoroughly with a cloth soaked in the solution, all the gaps, gaps and bends.
If late season phytophthora was particularly violent, treat the entire interior and the greenhouse soil with any 1% copper-containing solution (9-11 l per 1 sq.m). It also helps with perinospora and bacteriosis.
In addition, pour the ground with boiling water, immediately cover with black plastic wrap, press it with bricks. After a day, remove the film, dig the soil on the spade bayonet, spill the earth with boiling water again and again leave for a day under the film. These procedures are enough to kill all the infection.
Change the soil in the greenhouse
Many people think that it is necessary to change the soil in the greenhouse in the spring, but it is better if you do it by winter.
Carefully remove the layer of old soil with a thickness of 7-8 cm and lay a new one, rolling it out evenly.
In cold weather, the earth will freeze, and at the same time a huge number of harmful microorganisms will be destroyed.
Irina Gurieva, Ph.D. corp. FNTS them. Michurin
Take care of the frames
- - Wash unpainted metal parts of the greenhouse with 9% rust vinegar, then treat with 1% Bordeaux liquid (100 g of copper sulfate and 100-150 g of lime per 10 l of water). Wash the painted metal with water and soda, clean, prime and paint the scratches.
- - Wash the wooden frame with a chlorine-based detergent and bleach with freshly slaked lime.
- - Wash the PVC pipes with a solution of "White" (60-100 ml per 1 liter of water).
Yanina GORBATENKO, agronomist-chemist
Ash Disinfection
In October, I choose a sunny day when my greenhouse is inside and out. I check the design, powder the beds and paths with wood ash, leave it on the 1-2 of the day. Then plentifully spill the earth with a saturated solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkle with layers of peat and compost (each is 5 cm thick). Through 1 -2 weeks before the onset of resistant frosts, I dig up the soil on the bayonet of a shovel and carefully select the remains of weeds. 1 -2 times over the winter I throw snow into the greenhouse.
EVDOKIYA TANICHEVA, G. Saratov
From pests - digging
Whatever the supporters of organic farming may say, a deep autumn digging of the garden is one of the most effective ways to get rid of pests. Most of these insects hibernate at a depth of 20-30 cm. When the soil surface seizes with frost and cools down to + 3 ... + 5 deg., The pests become numb and can no longer move. At this point, you need to dig the soil on the bayonet of a shovel. In the process, turn the clods over, but do not break, so that the frost penetrates as deep as possible, and uneven ground is well saturated with moisture.
Anton LESHCHEV, Cand. of sciences
Marigold from Colorado: there is a secret
Several times I heard the dissatisfaction of the gardeners, they say, they sowed, as they advise, calendula seeds next to potatoes, and the Colorado were, as they are. Yes, this can be, but only if you sow Calendula at the same time as potatoes - in the spring. And we must do otherwise.
Back in the fall, I determine where I will plant potatoes next year, and sow calendula and marigold seeds in rows around these beds in winter. When it comes to planting potatoes, the sprouts of flowers are quite large, and by the time of potato sprouting, they are altogether above them and are already in full bloom and smell, scaring off the smell of pests.
Nikolay RITCHENKO, Lugansk
Bear is afraid of garlic
- If I’m going to sow peas or beans before winter, but I’m afraid that the crops will destroy the bears, then in each hole I put in a clove of garlic peeled and cut into several parts. The smell repels pests.
- I crush the eggshell into a powder, mix with unrefined sunflower oil so that a thick paste is obtained. I form balls and scatter them around the site. The little bears regale themselves with “ugliness,” and soon die .-
Irina KAZAKHKOVA
Siderata sow in the fall
To get rid of pests and weeds, improve the structure of the soil and replenish nutrient reserves, plant green manure in the fall. This can be done in the spring, but podzimnogo sowing has its advantages.
- - You do not have to spend time on this at the beginning of the garden season.
- - Siderats will stay longer in the soil and better loosen it.
- - The stems of the plants which have grown to colds will help to detain snow, protect the earth from winds.
- - The green manure grown in the spring will not allow moisture to evaporate too quickly and will become an excellent backstage for fragile seedlings, and after mowing it will also become mulch.
Before sowing, remove all vegetation from the garden bed. Under the digging process, apply nitroammofosku or phosphate-potassium fertilizers (30-40 g per 1 sq.m). In order to choose the right crop, for your convenience we have collected information about winter siderata in the table.
Ciderates | Action | What to sow after them |
Rape, mustard white, winter rape | Enrich the soil with potassium and phosphorus, protect plants from scab, fusarium, phytophthora. Mustard is not to the liking of nematodes, slugs, wireworms and pea moths | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, beets, carrots, beans, potatoes |
Phacelia | Loosens and enriches the earth with organic matter, suppresses weeds, eliminates wireworms, prevents the development of root rot, phytophtoras | Any cultures |
winter Rye | Improves soil structure, saturates it with potassium, repels nematodes and helps to get rid of perennial weeds. | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, beets, carrots, beans, potatoes |
Oats sowing | Dies in the winter, mulching the earth and protecting it from erosion | |
Vika is winter, alfalfa, clover is yellow or white, clover is white or red | Saturate the soil with nitrogen, convert phosphorus in the soil to a plant-friendly state, eliminate weeds and make the soil more friable. | Tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, cabbage, onions, garlic |
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
NOVEMBER
Works of the month
- General cleaning and airing in the cellar.
- Bookmark storage of root crops and potatoes.
- Rodent control.
- Shelter perennials and podzimnyh crops.
- Preparation of soil for seedlings.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
Favorable days for the next works:
- soil harvesting for growing seedlings and transplanting plants: 1,2, 3 (before lunch);
- tab poisoning baits in mouse holes: 13, 14, 15;
- planting winter garlic: 1,2,3 (before lunch);
- salting cabbage for long-term storage: 1,2,3 (before lunch);
- watering indoor plants: 6, 7, 8 (before lunch), 24, 25;
- home canning and pickling cabbage: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 28, 29, 30;
- shelter perennials and podzimnyh crops: 13, 14, 15;
- cleaning of the collected and dried seeds: 22, 23.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
General cleaning in the cellar
Before you send fresh vegetables to the cellar, I take out from the storage all that remains from last year. The walls, the ceiling, the shelves and the boxes are plentifully processed with tobacco broth (500 r of shag on 10 l of water, I boil for 40 minutes). I open the hoods and doors, let the room dry out 1 -2 of the day. Then the white wall and ceiling with lime mortar, to which I add a solution of copper sulfate (1: 10). Hard-to-reach places behind the exhaust pipe and between the racks are sprayed from a rubber pear.
Carrots soldier
Before laying in the cellar, we cut off the tops of the carrots from the tops of the tops on 1-2 cm, set them upright with sharp ends up (with a soldier) in clean plastic containers. As soon as we eat carrots, we fill the empty space with crumpled newspapers.
Ekaterina Kleshcheonok
EXPRESS COUNCIL: EVGENIYA PAVLYUKOVA, KYIV:
Rowan leaves dry all summer. In the fall I sprinkle potatoes on them (300 g on 10 kg of tubers). Still never tubers did not rot!
Cabbage in clay
Before storage, red cabbage is wrapped in notebook sheets, and white cabbage is wrapped in plastic wrap. I put them on the shelves so that the cabbages do not touch. And the grandmother removes the first leaves from the heads. Ties a rope to the stalk. Coats cabbage with a thick clay mash, dries in the sun. Hangs in the cellar.
Natalia FUPC
Lean in the corner
For leeks in the corner of the cellar I fill 3-4 buckets of wet sand. I dig vegetables in it vertically so that only green leaves remain on the surface. With this method, the onions remain tasty and fresh until 4's months.
Evgenia Gradskaya, St. Petersburg
TIP: To keep potatoes better, I put ginger root in boxes with it. And to scare off rodents, I add a few branches of wormwood and sleep. I pour beets with a mixture of chalk and sand (1: 1).
Anna Poyarkova
Barrel-cellar with their own hands
Grandmother lined the inside of a wooden barrel with cardboard, put beets or carrots in it, covered the container with a lid. In it, a hole was made, inserted into it a metal tube for ventilation. The barrel wrapped outside with polyethylene and buried near the house in the ground. She covered a thick layer of straw. In spring, before the flood, I got supplies from the cellar-they were safe and sound!
Olga GRIBKO
Place under the roof
Onions and garlic are well kept in attics. Wrap up the supply boxes in the hay, and if it's warm in the attic, hang the onion-garlic braids to the beams.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
EXPRESS COUNCIL:
So that moths and bugs do not start in the jars of beans left for storage, I put in each a pair of garlic cloves cut in half and a pinch of dill seeds.
DECEMBER
Works of the month
- Collection and preparation for storage of pumpkin seeds, zucchini, squash.
- Audit stored in the warehouse and the house of the crop.
- Acquisition of polyethylene film, covering material.
- Acquisition of organic and mineral fertilizers.
- Sowing arugula, lettuce, mustard, spinach, radish on greens.
- Distillation of green onions, parsley root vegetables, celery.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
Moon calendar
- Favorable days for the following jobs:
- revision of stored vegetables: 19 (after lunch), 20, 21 (before lunch);
- watering indoor plants: 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 21 (after dinner), 22, 23;
- processing of perishable products and home canning: 6, 7;
- salting cabbage for long-term storage: 13, 14;
- soil harvesting for growing seedlings and transplanting indoor plants: 17, 18, 19 (before lunch).
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science, Astrologer
Ground Constructor
The soil you base the mixture on should be fertile.
In addition to organic matter, it must be present macro-and micronutrients in an accessible form for plants.
According to the structure, the ground should be light and loose, while it should be moisture-absorbing (well absorb and retain moisture).
It is desirable that the level of acidity (pH) is within 6,5-7 (neutral reaction).
The following components can be added to the soil mix: sod or garden land, compost, humus, peat, sphagnum moss, sunflower husk, crushed egg shells, wood ash, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, hydrogel, expanded clay, crushed foam. Do not add to the soil for seedlings actively decomposing components (manure, turning leaves) and clay.
Anna LEBEDEVA, Master of Perm University of Agricultural Technology
We make soil for seedlings
It is no secret that a pledge of a rich harvest is a healthy, strong seedling that cannot be grown without a properly composed soil. We offer variants of soil mixtures for specific crops.
Plant: Soil composition
Tomato
4 parts of lowland or transitional peat (do not use high sour peat), on 1 parts of sod land, sawdust and mullevel solution (1: 5). On 10 kg of soil, add 2 kg of calcined river sand, 7-8 g of ammonium nitrate, 3-4 g of superphosphate and 1,5 g of potassium sulfate
On the 1 part of the humus, lowland peat, sod land, and re-sawdust. On 10 kg composition, add 250 g wood ash, 3-5 g superphosphate, according to 0,5 st.l. potassium sulfate and urea
Bell pepper
2 parts of well rotted humus manure, 1 part of sod land
By 2 part of lowland peat and humus
1,5 parts of humus and 1 part of sod land
2 portions of lowland peat and 1 portions of sod land
4 parts of lowland peat, 2 parts of sod land, 1 parts of humus and well-rotted sawdust
Cucumber
On the 2 part of lowland peat and humus, 1 part of rotted sawdust. On 10 kg of soil add 1 Art. wood ash, 5-6 g of urea, 2-3 g of superphosphate and 1 -2 g of potassium sulfate
According to 1 part of sod land and humus. On 10 kg composition will need 1 Art. wood ash, 7-8 g potassium sulphate, 5-10 g superphosphate
6 parts of lowland peat, 1 parts of humus, rotted sawdust, washed river sand and mullein solution (1: 5)
By 1 part of sod land, lowland peat, rotted sawdust and humus
Eggplant
4 portions of compost, 2 portions of low moor peat, and 1 portions of rotted sawdust
1 bucket of any garden land, 250 g ash,
15 g superphosphate, according to 5-6 g urea and potassium sulfate
Cabbage
By 1 part of sod land, humus and lowland peat
30 parts of sod land, 2 parts of wood ash, 1,5 parts of lime and washed river sand
12 parts of lowland peat, 4 parts of sod land and 1 part of calcined river sand
Salad
3 parts of transition peat, 1 parts of sod land, humus and river sand
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
JANUARY
Works of the month
- Purchase of vegetable seeds for the upcoming season.
- Check seed germination.
- Purchase of plant growth stimulants (Zircon, humates, Appin).
- Purchase of protective drugs against diseases and pests.
- Check the stock of vegetables in storage.
- Preparation of soil and tanks for seedlings.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
How to extend the shelf life of vegetables
As a rule, the main causes of spoilage of vegetables in the cellar - a violation of the temperature and improper humidity. If the air temperature is above + 8 degrees, the potatoes may begin to germinate. Noticed woken tubers - open the vents. Frost gathered at the ceiling, and the thermometer tends to a mark below zero? Immediately close the valve, otherwise the crop may freeze slightly. If there are drops on the walls, and the floor is very wet, place containers with salt or dry sphagnum moss in open bags indoors (1-2 bag per 10 sq.m).
Through 3-4 of the day, remove, if necessary, repeat the procedure with a new dry filler.
If you store an earthen or sandy floor in storage, lay a film on it and dust it with a layer of sand 4-5 cm thick — this will keep moisture under the film and lower the humidity. If there is no sand, remove the top layer of the earth, lay a film and put the removed soil on top - it dries faster. If, on the contrary, the air is too dry, and the roots have begun to dry and frown, put buckets with snow or water in the 4-5 basement.
New sand for carrots
If you store carrots in sandboxes, conduct an audit at least once a month. Noticed that the roots began to rot, - then the sand is too wet. Remove the spoiled vegetables, and pour the remaining dry sand. If you want to use the old sand again, you will have to rinse it with water and potassium permanganate and ignite in the oven.
Oxygen cabbage!
It happens that cabbages are covered with dark, foul-smelling mucus. This suggests that vegetables are stored in a room with stale air, and cabbage does not have enough oxygen. Air storage and continue to do it at least once a week. By the way, the dry upper leaves on the heads of cabals signal that your crop likes everything and it will be fine for more than one month.
Beets - by package
Beets are well stored under conditions similar to potatoes, but at high humidity, it rots, and when it is too low it begins to dry and loses its taste. If the beet cellar is not very cozy, put it in plastic bags of 5-6 pieces and hang them, not tying, in a dark room with a temperature of about + 12 hail.
Nikolai CHROMOV, Cand. of sciences
Saved onions
When last year sharply began to rot the onions, saved the remnants of the harvest so.
She took off the extra husk, dried onions on the floor near the battery. In paper bags, the hole punch punched holes for air exchange. I put the bow on the 5-6 pieces in each package, put it in the basket in the hallway away from the front door. Thanks to this method, the harvest is preserved until the summer!
Arina SCREBUN. Photo author
Nettle from mice
Previously, mice often spoiled the crop in the cellar. On the advice of friends throughout the summer and autumn began to dry nettles. I cover potatoes, beets and carrots with dry stalks. It helps! With such a shelter, no mouse is terrible for my harvest.
Tamara GLADEKEVICH, Slavgorod
FEBRUARY
Works of the month
- Cleaning greenhouses and greenhouses from snow.
- Throwing snow in greenhouses and on beds with podzimni crops.
- Preparation of seeds for sowing.
- Sowing seedlings of leek seeds, peppers and eggplants.
- The destruction of snow cover over the beds with podzimni crops and perennials.
Svetlana KRIVENKOVA, agronomist
From the table to the garden
In the spring, you can use waste from the kitchen as feedings for future seedlings.
Onion husks dry thoroughly, put in storage in tissue or paper bags.
Wash eggshell, dry, grind in a coffee grinder, keep in closed glass jars.
Alexander Gorny, Cand. of sciences
Crust to crust
I don’t throw away the rinds of mandarins, lemons and oranges, but prepare a remedy for spider mites from them.
I skip the 0,5 meat grinder kg of fresh crusts. Pour boiled water 2 l. I insist under a tightly closed lid in a dark place 5-6 days. Strain, squeeze and pour into bottles. I seal it tightly and store it in the storeroom until summer. If necessary, 0,5 Art. I infuse in 10 l of water, add 30 of grated laundry soap and stir it thoroughly. To avoid burns on the leaves, I spray the damaged plants in the evening.
Catherine Kharchevkina, smt. Lyubohn Bryansk region.
Potato delicacy
Many years ago I read that potato peelings contain trace elements essential for plants: potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, fluorine. Since then, every winter dry land washed cleaning on the battery. Then I pass them through a meat grinder and store them in old pillowcases or fabric bags on the balcony. In the spring before planting cucumber and pumpkin seedlings, I add 1 Art. To each well. I mix this fertilizer with the ground and pour water abundantly. Until the plants bloom, I no longer feed. The harvest is always excellent, and my pumpkin are rarely sick.
Elena STEPANOVA, the city of Great USTUG
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Calendar of works in the young garden - MEMORY to the gardener
- Preparing the garden for the new summer this season
- October is something to do at the cottage, in the garden or garden in October. Calendar of gardener
- Watering calendar and its types
- What can be done at the dacha in May - work in the garden, vegetable garden
- July in the garden: a memo for the summer resident - PART 2
- Lawn Care Calendar
- Autumn garden work - professional advice
- 5 most important garden jobs at the end of summer
- Calendar of the gardener and gardener for the year (+ MEMORIES)
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I read on the Internet that you can use the food supplement "glutamate" to activate the growth of home flowers. Is it so?
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Glutamic acid, which forms the basis of a popular dietary supplement, is involved in the formation of plant tissues and the synthesis of chlorophyll, converts nutrients into a chelate form, is involved in signaling between cells and is found in many nutrient mixtures - it is included in the amino acid complex.
IF they are not indicated in the composition of the mineral fertilizer, monosodium glutamate can be added to the solution - 0 g per 5 liters.
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Quite often in the councils of florists there are recommendations for feeding houseplants with banana peel. Advise how to apply it correctly?
Tatyana
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Bananas have a lot of potassium that plants need. It increases their resistance to ailments - rot, powdery mildew, rust. This element is also important for flowering flora.
When it is deficient, the buds either do not form at all, or are tied with nondescript ones.
It has been observed that such a fertilizer works best on rosaceous crops. If such plants grow in your house, you can do the following. Dry the banana peel on the battery, in the oven or in the sun. When it turns into a fragile and brown-black substance, grind it on a coffee grinder. The resulting powder can be mixed with a soil substrate (1: 10) during plant transplantation. Or add banana peel powder to the 1 flower pot once a month.
However, it should be noted that its processing in the pot is slow, so it is important not to overdo it. And further. Since bananas are sprayed with various preparations before being sent to us, they should be thoroughly washed before eating fruit. And only after that you can use their peel to prepare the powder.