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HOW TO OPTIMUMLY PLAN A GARDEN - WHAT AND HOW MUCH TO PLANT AND WHERE TO GROW?

FROM THE RECENT PORTS BECAME OBLIGATED, THAT PRODUCTS FROM THEIR PLOT AND USEFUL, AND CHEAPER, AND REASONABLE PHYSICAL LOADS AT THE CARE OF THE GARDEN AND THE VILLAGE WITH THE SUCCESS WILL REPLACE THE WAYS TO THE WAY. ABOUT WHAT THE GROUND OF A SUNSHINE CAN BE, A SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF LAND MANAGEMENT SAYS.

Immediately make a reservation that today a city dweller cannot fully provide himself with food from his garden plot. Yield average plot area 600-800 m² minus the area of the house, tracks, grounds and buildings is unlikely to reach 10% of the consumption rate for an average family of 3-4 people.

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It is clear that root and tuber crops, cereals, legumes and oilseeds will mainly have to be purchased in a retail network. Even if you plant the entire plot with potatoes and assume that it is enough from harvest to harvest, then where to sow carrots or beets? And growing cabbage with its need for watering over large areas is generally difficult to implement for a city dweller.

It turns out that the country garden is mainly created for pleasure. This means that labor costs, funding, and a set of crops should not cause extreme hassle.

SELECTION OF CULTURES FOR OPTIMAL CITY

The choice of crops and the size of the landing areas in our case is not determined by the norms of consumption, but by the ability of the city dweller to cultivate his garden. In most cases, early potatoes are selected from root and tuber crops. carrots, turnips, early radishes. Celery, root parsley, red beet and radish are sown less often. Fans add to this assortment a Jerusalem artichoke. Well, horseradish grows by itself.

Onions in the vast majority of cases are planted on the arrow. Schnitt, leek and other varieties of onions are also planted as green crops. Garlic stands especially - it is planted both in the garden as an independent crop, and in the berry fields to protect garden strawberries from pests.

Legumes are close to green crops: usually peas, beans, and beans. Hardly any of the townspeople will grow them for grain. As rarely used corn and sunflower.

Gourds - cucumbers, zucchini, zucchini and squash - traditional and favorite cultures. Now quickly ripening varieties of watermelon and melon, suitable for the northern regions, have been bred.

But often these cultures, like the traditional pumpkin, are ignored by the urban dweller.

From solanaceous, except for the already mentioned potato, tomatoes are holding the palm. Some townspeople gladly planted pepper. Eggplant lovers are relatively few.

Of the berry crops, the gardeners of the garden are various varieties of garden strawberries (which are called strawberries for the size of fruits).

Less often a hybrid of strawberries and strawberries is planted - dredging.

From green cultures, citizens often cultivate salads of different varieties, dill, parsley, parsnip, rhubarb. Seedlings of cabbage of different varieties and head of lettuce are planted if it is possible to provide sufficient watering.

More rarely, real strawberries are cultivated.

Raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries - these are already garden plants. Of course, they can be planted around the perimeter of the garden, but their culture is different from garden plants, most of which (except strawberries) are annuals or cultivated as annuals.

Of course, in specialized stores there are much more seeds of garden crops, and often they are dismantled because of the beautiful labels. But with experience comes an understanding of which varieties are worth spending time on.

LOCATION

Even if the land for a garden and a garden was allocated according to the residual principle, what should be paid attention to when organizing them?

First of all, on natural light and the absence of shading. A bed oriented from east to west will receive more heat and light than oriented from north to south.

The morning and evening sun casts more shade, and the maximum photosynthetic efficiency is observed in the summer up to about 10 and from the 17 hours. The processes of photosynthesis affect the growth of green mass, which is important for all cultures without exception. Light shading or a sliding shadow of garden plants will not hurt.

Dense shadow leads to lower yields. Therefore, from the eastern and western sides it is advisable to plant a low shrub, and place trees from the north or already at a greater distance from the south.

All this is true for the beds, and for greenhouses, and for greenhouses, unless, of course, they are not equipped with artificial lighting.

When planning a garden, one should proceed not from how much land should be cultivated, but to what extent the strength is sufficient to cultivate the plots. It is clear that a city dweller, who lives in the summer at the dacha permanently, will have time to do more than those who come for the weekend.

ABOUT THE PLAYS IN THE OPTIMAL VEGETATION

Should I build beds? And if so, how tall?

IF THE LAND IS HEAVY, LOAMY, then a high bed will help ensure good drainage and ventilation of the soil. In such conditions, root crops grow splendidly. Green crops and onions will be a little dry. Tomatoes, zucchini and squash also calmly outweigh the weekly absence of the host. It will be more difficult for cucumbers, since in the conditions of dryness a red or spider mite actively sits on them. In general, dryness combined with strong lighting leads to the formation of bitter fruits. Cabbage should be watered at least twice a week. Garden strawberries on high loamy beds live freely - some dryness allows you to save berries from rot.

The advantage of high beds is the ability to plant organic fertilizer in them, which is especially important for berry growers. With a strawberry bed 40-50 cm wide, a pile of compost or rotted manure is first poured. Then they sprinkle it with mother earth and form a bed.

For root crops and green crops, the optimum width of the 0,8-1 bed is m. At the same time, using a hand hopper you can easily reach the middle of the bed. Here, too, organic fertilizers are placed in the shoulders or furrows.

The profile of an ordinary garden bed is trapezoidal, the optimal height is up to 20 cm. For the berry, the profile is formed in the form of a versatile triangle, also about 20 cm high - its longest part is oriented to the south. When planting strawberry seedlings on the crest of the peduncle with heavy berries, they will lie on well-heated soil (if there is no substrate, say, from straw), which will reduce the possibility of fruit damage by putrefactive mushrooms.

The correct orientation of the beds provides the maximum possible yield, subject to other comfortable conditions for plants. But since the task of obtaining exactly the maximum yield before the city dweller is not worth it, you can dream up with the shape of the beds and their location. So, French high beds in formwork are popular. They can be rectangular, trapezoidal or any other shape. They can be arranged in one, two or three tiers, can be radially (“sun”) and perpendicular to each other (“Christmas tree”), you can build a flower bed or a discount - a wide field for imagination! The main thing is to be able to reach any place on such a composite garden bed and calmly pass between the garden beds (preferably a strike).

ON SUCCESSES, the approach to culture is somewhat different. Here it is necessary to preserve moisture in well-drained soil. There are several ways.

Traditional - excessive application of organic fertilizer, for example, rotted manure, followed by shallow incorporation. Manure makes mother earth heavier and provides for its moisture capacity. True, not for long, and in the spring the soil has to be re-cultivated.

With this method, garden crops are planted by field or in small furrows. At the same time, water is retained in weighted soil and evaporates slowly.

When cultivating the field, especially if the layer of the cultural substrate is below zero (this is a kind of check system), the plot can be filled with water - for the townspeople everything and work: connect the hose, open and close the tap.

With the field and especially the check method of cultivation, melon cultures are magnificently developed. Tomatoes form lodging bushes and even prefer periodic droughts - a weekly absence of the host will not hurt them.

Under green crops in sandy loam, low plots of organic-rich substrate are formed. Berry crops are planted in low ridges - over time they erode and annual organic fertilizers are laid in furrows between rows of plants.

Potatoes on fertilized sandy loams are planted with a field or in furrows, and as the stems grow, they are spudded - as a result, ridges are formed.

With organic fertilizers (if it is, of course, not fresh manure or sour peat) it is impossible to overdo it. But the volume of what will have to shovel and carry, also considerable. Therefore, the townspeople use organic matter only in the early stages of planting a kitchen garden, and subsequently use mineral supplements.

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