Growing gooseberries as a business, for sale - selection of varieties and care
Contents ✓
- ✓ Gooseberry without a sphere
- ✓ Biological features of gooseberries
- ✓ INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS
- ✓ Gooseberry saplings for sale
- ✓ REQUIREMENTS FOR VEGETABLE VARIETIES FOR SALE
- ✓ BUSINESS AND Gooseberry: VIDEO
- ✓ NOTICE: VARIETIES OF GRAINBERRY WITH GIANT BERRIES
- ✓ Gooseberry without sticks and mealy dew: video
GROWING gooseberries on an industrial basis
At one time, the area under the gooseberries reached 3000 ha! Moreover, all these berries were planted in personal plots, and were not grown industrially. However, the downy mildew (LMR) of currants and gooseberries (sferoteka) introduced from America at the beginning of the new century from America spread from Western Europe to our vast expanses and affected almost all the plantings. Effective measures to combat the disease were not found then, because interest in gooseberries began to fall, the area under it was reduced.
Gooseberry without a sphere
However, science does not stand still. Breeders around the world began to work on creating varieties resistant to the sphere library. Fortunately, they succeeded. And gooseberry comes back. In many countries of the world today, the cultivation of gooseberries has already been put on an industrial basis.
It is unfortunate that the country is lagging behind in this regard, we still do not have any large industrial plantations. However, with the growing demand for berries in recent years, many farmers are beginning to lay industrial plantings of gooseberries. I must say that the technology for industrial cultivation of gooseberries is largely similar, but in many ways significantly different from homestead cultivation.
Biological features of gooseberries
Gooseberries - perennial shrubs 1,0-1,5 m high, 1,0 m in diameter and more. The duration of the productive period of life is up to 25 years. But shoots retain productivity for 5-8 years, so old shoots are cut out, and young root shoots grow from the buds located on the underground part of the bush head to replace them. They are called shoots of zero order. On
next year, lateral shoots grow on them, which are called first-order shoots (etc., depending on age). The age of the shoots can be determined by calculating the branching order. The gooseberry shoot-forming ability is higher than that of black and red currants and is a varietal feature: some varieties form more young shoots, others less. The roundness of the shoots is also a varietal feature. There are strongly prickly, not prickly in the fruiting zone and completely unshipable. However, even in completely unshipable varieties, thorns are found on young plants, but disappear as the bushes mature.
There are vegetative (growth) and reproductive (fruitful) shoots. Zero-order basal shoots are vegetative; all of their buds are vegetative. To reproductive include mixed shoots, gloves and bouquet twigs. In mixed shoots, the lateral and apical shoots can be either vegetative or fruit. From vegetative shoots, leafy shoots develop. Most gooseberry buds are mixed: they form fruits and fruit bags with several shoots of substitution.
Two to three buds and characteristic ring-shaped scars are formed on fruit shoots (ringlets) up to 3 cm long.
Later, the boughs branch out and bunchy branches are formed from them, on which the fruit buds are located. Differentiation of the kidneys begins in the second half of the growing season and ends in the spring.
The kidneys begin to swell at temperatures from 0 to 10 ° C. From mixed buds, leaves first appear, and then flowers. In place of inflorescences, from 1 to 5 berries are formed. Each variety blooms for 5-7 days, usually at the end of April. From the beginning of the growing season to flowering, 20-25 days pass, from flowering to the full ripening of berries - 2,5-3,5 months.
The root system of the gooseberry is fibrous, the bulk of the roots lies at a depth of 25-60 cm and practically does not go beyond the projection of the crown. Individual roots penetrate to a depth of more than 1 m, which allows the plant to tolerate a temporary lack of moisture. Gooseberries have a high drought and winter hardiness, which allows it to grow in a variety of climatic conditions.
See also: Planting and care of gooseberry - detailed table with description of varieties
INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS
Gooseberries - photophilous culture. He reacts negatively to severe shading and thickening: the shoots are thinned, extended, exposed and decay from the center of the bush. Fewer seedlings form, the berries are poorly stained, and productivity decreases dramatically. It is advisable to plant plants in an open place, but it should be borne in mind that burns may appear on some berries, therefore, during the ripening period, plants need to provide partial shading.
Gooseberries do not grow well on highly podzolic and boggy soils. Light sandy and heavy clay soils are not suitable for it. But on loamy, sandy loam, slightly podzolic soils and various types of chernozems, he feels good. It tolerates both high acidity and a high content of carbonates. The most favorable pH is 6,0-6,5.
Gooseberry is a winter-hardy culture; most varieties winter without frostbite at temperatures below -30 ° C. Winter hardiness to a very large extent depends on the age of the bush, its accumulation of plastic substances and proper agricultural technology. Healthy bushes are always more winter-hardy than the sick, overloaded with crop, underfed, groomed.
Frost resistance of roots is much lower. The roots of young plants can freeze at -4 ° C, and die at -10 ° C. However, I do not recall the mass freezing of gooseberries in any region of Ukraine.
Flower buds are susceptible to frost. At a temperature of -5 ° C, more than 80% of the crop can be lost during flowering. Therefore, laying the industrial plantation, it is necessary to provide for the presence of forest belts to protect against cold winter winds, dry winds, and reduce the impact of spring frosts.
Gooseberry drought tolerance is higher than most other berry crops (e.g. currants). Thanks to a deeper occurrence of roots, it better tolerates a lack of moisture in the soil, is more resistant to high temperature and dry air. However, this does not affect the growth length, the size of the berries, and the overall yield. But the overmoistening and high standing of groundwater gooseberry does not tolerate well: weakly growing, affected by fungal diseases.
Gooseberry saplings for sale
Usually, they sell annual gooseberry cuttings with an open root system. To plant a plantation you need to choose first-class seedlings that meet the following requirements.
They must be non-dried, with well-formed, unbroken buds, without mechanical damage. Seedlings must have 3-4 root 15-20 cm long, one shoot at least 30 cm long and 8 mm in diameter. Well, and, of course, seedlings should be free from diseases and pests.
Seedlings are also imported from abroad in containers, but their cost is much higher than plants with an open root system.
Since most gooseberry varieties are weakly rooted by lignified cuttings, this method of cultivation is rarely used. Propagation by green cuttings requires greenhouses and fogging plants, so at the moment in Ukraine is also not very common.
REQUIREMENTS FOR VEGETABLE VARIETIES FOR SALE
If you can use many varieties for home growing, because the error here is not so expensive, then there are a number of requirements for varieties for industrial cultivation. The variety must be resistant to major diseases and pests, high yielding. It must be technological, that is, to care for it, it is necessary to spend a minimum of effort.
For example, they are not suitable for growing varieties with a very spreading structure of bushes on the plantation, with a large number of shoots inclined to the ground.
Industrial varieties should have straight bushes, preferably with direct shoots of high growth force (productivity directly depends on this). Berries should ripen at the same time, not burn in the sun, hang on bushes for a long time, not crumbling. As for the taste of berries, there are nuances.
For a fresh market, dessert-tasting varieties are desirable - Aristocrat, Beryl, Grand, Grossular, Dessert, Defender, Kamenyar, Karat, Knyazhich, Kursu Dzintars, Neslukhovsky, Negrul's memory, Rodnik, Samurai, Senator, Serenade, Snizhana, Ural shipless. Ural pink, Black drop, Prune, etc.
If you plan to hand over the crop for processing, then the taste and size of the berries is of secondary importance, and you can grow varieties with a rather mediocre taste, if only they are high-yielding (Northern captain).
As for the roundness of the varieties, of course, preference can be given to non-studded and slightly prickly varieties. It’s easier to pick berries on them. However, prickly varieties quite often have advantages over berryless quality berries (taste, size, color, shape, etc.). Therefore, I advise you not to abandon the prickly varieties, because in terms of the quality of the berries they are still superior to the unshipable ones. I wish you high yields.
© Author: Oleg SAVEYKO, farmer.
See also: We grow gooseberries for sale. Planting, yielding varieties, care.
BUSINESS AND Gooseberry: VIDEO
NOTICE: VARIETIES OF GRAINBERRY WITH GIANT BERRIES
It all started with the fact that about five years ago I read a note about gooseberries with a record mass of berries
(over 60 g!), which was grown somewhere in England. Since I’ve been engaged in testing and growing various varieties of raspberries, gooseberries, blackberries for more than 40 years, this news could not leave me indifferent. With a colleague, an experimental gardener, Vyacheslav Francisko, they began to search for information and the opportunity to acquire giant varieties. We found the right nursery in England and ordered two dozen varieties.
To say that the seedlings received did not make an impression would be small. We were discouraged: tiny plants, only 10-15 cm in height. In the first year, shoots on the bushes grew very thin. I could not believe that someday berries could be formed on them - champions. Some varieties even gave the first crop. But these first berries in size lagged behind our domestic varieties. The next year, thin twigs were completely strewn with rather large berries. When the berries began to pour, powerful shoots appeared from the ground.
We discovered the berries of new colors, taste, shape. However, there were still no record large fruits. Consulted with our English colleague. He explained that in order to obtain record berries, bushes must be at least five years old. No more than five young biennial shoots are left in each bush. After flowering, the ovary is thinned, leaving one for every 5 cm of shoot. During the filling of berries, those that are stunted are removed. The recipe for dressing for each variety is different.
Unfortunately, not all varieties have shown large fertility indicated in the advertisement. Only London (red), Howard Lancer (almost white, transparent), Carales (white) and Australia (yellow) yielded berries weighing up to 20. White Lyon (white), Green Ocean (green), Woodpecker (green), Sooter Joni (green oblong) gave a berry weighing 10-12 The rest of the varieties showed extraordinary productivity, in each node 2-3 berries of excellent taste were formed, but they did not differ in size from the berries of our usual domestic varieties. True, this is only the third year of growth. So I do not lose hope of receiving giant berries.
Let this undemanding, high-yielding culture with healing and tasty berries settle in every garden and delight children and adults with unprecedented harvests.
Gooseberry without sticks and mealy dew: video
© Author: Nikolay Khimochko. gardener.
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Gooseberry cultivation - planting and care (Saratov region)
- Shipsless gooseberry variety Grushenka and Black Negus - reviews and care
- The most beautiful and delicious gooseberry varieties - photo, name and description
- Gooseberry varieties for all regions - name and description
- We grow gooseberries for sale. Planting, yielding varieties, care.
- Gooseberry varieties for the Urals - photo, name and description
- Gooseberry cultivation in the Tambov region - planting and care
- Autumn planting of gooseberries - diagram and step-by-step instructions
- Growing gooseberries and currants - planting and care based on American experience
- Why gooseberries do poorly: 6 reasons + pruning rules
Subscribe to updates in our groups and share.
Let's be friends!
#
Harvest Gooseberry
From one gooseberry bush I collect at least ten pounds of berries. The whole secret is in leaving.
I mulch the soil under the plants with peat (1 bucket per bush). Although gooseberries tolerate the heat well, with prolonged drought, I must water the plants: during the formation of the ovaries (late May - early June), as well as during the formation and ripening of berries (second or third decade of June). I do not pour water under the root so that the earth is not washed out, but in the groove along the perimeter of the crown projection - 30 liters per bush.
BTW: AUTUMN (IN THE FIRST HALF OF OCTOBER), IF IT DOES NOT RAIN, ALWAYS CARRY OUT A WATER-CHARGING IRRING.
Every spring, from the emerging root shoots, I leave the 3-5 strongest, I cut the rest to the soil level. I remove diseased and damaged branches. On adult plants, I cut branches older than 6 years. From the third year after planting in the autumn, I dig in organic matter (4-6 kg per 1 sq. M), phosphorus (30 g) and potash (20 g) fertilizers. In summer, I combine the following dressing with watering: I spread the mullein with water (1: 4) and water the gooseberries in the first half of June (1 bucket per bush).