Fertilizers in the fall - what is the right way and when to apply
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WHAT FERTILIZERS TO DO IN AUTUMN
So the summer ended, the last days and minutes of it, too, are already behind us, almost the entire crop has been collected in the plots, and only the fruits of viburnum, mountain ash, chokeberry are waiting in the wings. The garden is now actively digging a variety of root crops and potatoes, the remnants of Bulgarian and hot peppers are being removed, nature is preparing for a long sleep ...
GARDEN FERTILIZERS IN AUTUMN
In the autumn season, nitrogen fertilizers cannot be applied, they will stimulate the growth of shoots, they will not mature before the onset of frost and will certainly freeze in the winter. Now you can enrich the soil with wood ash, phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
It is advisable to apply fertilizers and wood ash in the form dissolved in water, so the plants will be able to assimilate the fertilizers before the onset of frost, their immunity will increase and they will survive the winter without any problems. Before dissolving the fertilizer, loosen the soil in the near-stem zone, then dissolve in a bucket of water 300 g of wood ash, separately in a bucket a tablespoon of superphosphate (for which take water at room temperature) and in a separate bucket a tablespoon of potassium sulfate.
This is the norm for an adult tree over six years old, for young plants and bushes you need half as much. After fertilizing, slightly level the soil and cover it with humus or compost a couple of centimeters in a layer.
VEGETABLES
The freed vegetable beds need to be dug well and brought under a digging bucket of humus or compost and a tablespoon of nitroammophoska per square meter of soil. Such a dose of fertilizers will restore the balance of nutrients in the soil and in the spring the soil will be ready to receive guests in the form of seeds of new vegetable crops.
FERTILIZERS FOR GREENHOUSE
Fertilizing soil in the greenhouse is one of the most important activities that need to be carried out in the fall (usually in September). Firstly, fertilized nutrient, "greasy" soil is much slower and freezes to a more modest depth in the winter. Secondly, it is enriched with nutrition, which plants will need after a few months.
Fertilizer is applied when the greenhouse is completely freed from all plant debris, it has been disinfected, it is repaired, if required by the design, in general, it is completely ready to carry out the final work this year - work with the soil.
As for the fertilizers themselves, then in the autumn September time, you can use such top dressings as manure, non-acidic peat or humus. Additionally, you need to stock up with a mixture of river sand and wood ash, well, or just find fresh straw.
IMPORTANT!
Fertilizers are applied depending on what grew in the greenhouse before. If for example, for the most part, it was occupied by root crops, then the introduction of well-rotted manure will be appropriate. If vegetable crops, then neutral peat, but if green crops, then normal humus is also suitable.
See also: How to measure fertilizer - a memo to the gardener and gardener
ATTENTION!
Manure can be used as a fertilizer only if it is well-read. Peat should be used as a fertilizer, unless it is acidic, but the humus should be a loose consistency, without parts that have not yet been sufficiently processed.
In order to find out whether peat is acidic or neutral, put about 100 g of peat in a bowl and pour it in water until liquid slurry is obtained. After that, dip the litmus test for 10-15 seconds into this solution, take it out, wait until it is painted, and compare the color of the paper with the color of the stripes in the picture. What color it matches, so will the acidity of the soil.
For most vegetable crops (except for sorrel), a neutral or slightly alkaline, but not acidic reaction of the environment is suitable, this is very important. Typically, the pH of the soil is approximately in the range from 4 to 8. 4 - acidic soil, 8 - alkaline. The normal pH for most crops is 5 to 6.
The easiest way to apply fertilizer is to scatter it on the surface and plant it in the soil by digging.
To calculate how much fertilizer is needed in your greenhouse, you need to know its area. Usually, all these fertilizers, when applied, are measured in buckets; one bucket is enough for two square meters of the greenhouse. Therefore, if you have a greenhouse with an area of twenty square meters, then you will need ten buckets of peat, manure or humus.
The best option is stage-by-stage spreading of fertilizers and their digging. To do this, you must first bring a bucket of fertilizers into the greenhouse, scatter them over an area of two square meters, dig this area onto a full bayonet of a shovel with a turnover of the reservoir and its breakdown, then re-fill the fertilizer bucket and repeat this procedure until the entire greenhouse is dug up.
When digging a greenhouse, try to choose the roots of all weeds and, if possible, their seeds, if they suddenly come across, this will save you from additional weeding in the spring.
After the soil is dug up and fertilizers are closed up, it is necessary to cover it with a mixture of river sand and ash. The mixture is made by combining these substances and thoroughly mixing them. Substances are taken in equal shares, that is, 1: 1. The consumption rate is also equal to one bucket per two square meters of soil surface in the greenhouse. In order not to walk on the excavated earth, you can also do everything in stages.
On too phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are quite acceptable in poor soil. Most often, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are used. Superphosphate needs 12-15 g per square meter of soil, well, and potassium sulfate needs about 16-17 g per the same area.
See also: How to fertilize the garden in the spring - Candidate's advice of sciences
WHAT FERTILIZERS TO DO IN AUTUMN: VIDEO
© Author: Nikolay Khromov
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