Autumn planting currants from A to Z - on an industrial scale. Farmer advises
Contents ✓
- ✓ BEST PLANT FOR PLANTING BLACK CURRANT
- ✓ BEFORE LANDING
- ✓ NECESSARY FUMIGATION
- ✓ WAYS OF PLANTING BLACK CURRANT
- ✓ BLACK CURRANT PLANTING MATERIAL
- ✓ PURCHASE OF BLACK CURRANT SEEDLINGS
- ✓ LANDING SCHEMES, CUTTING, FORMING OF BLACK CURRANT IN AUTUMN PLANTING
- ✓ CURRANT - PLANTING AND CARE, CUTING AND SPREADING - VIDEO
PLANTING CURRANT IN AUTUMN: FORMING, CUTTING, SELECTION OF SEEDLINGS
In autumn, when the heat subsides and the rains begin, it is time to take care of new plantations of berry plants. So for the currant, it is the autumn planting that is optimal, since the plants manage to take root well and prepare for active growth in the spring. After all, currants are a berry shrub that begins vegetation early.
BEST PLANT FOR PLANTING BLACK CURRANT
Of great importance for the growth of currants is the location and topography of the site. The most suitable are the northern, eastern and northwestern slopes. It is very good if there are forest shelterbelts. They not only protect against the prevailing winds, but also create a kind of microclimate that positively affects the growth of currants.
In lowland flooded areas with subsoil waters above 1 m, currants will not grow well. Also, strongly acidic and carbonate soils are not suitable for it. Landing on steep slopes is also undesirable, where soil erosion is possible during rainy periods. Do not plant currants in hollows, where cold air drops in the spring, which is why damage to plants by frost is more likely than on higher ground.
BEFORE LANDING
Before laying a plantation, it is necessary to do a soil analysis. This allows you to fertilize not "by eye", but strictly dosed. For example, when the soil contains 4-5% humus, 30-40 t of humus is added to 1 ha, and when the content of 3% humus is added 60-100 t / ha. In addition, the analysis will help determine the acidity of the soil, the content of NPK and trace elements. This will help to calculate the feeding program and application
the main doses of fertilizers during preplant planting, which is very important for the successful growth and fruiting of currants.
Good and bad predecessors
Any garden crops can be the predecessors of currants, except gooseberries, which have common pests and diseases with currants. Do not plant currants after currants. If you want to plant currants after raspberries, you need to take into account the fact that after rasping up raspberries, you can plant another crop only when all the roots die and the overgrowth stops growing. This will require approximately 2-3 years of regular cultivation of the site.
NECESSARY FUMIGATION
A huge problem for the plantation can be weeds and pests living in the ground. Therefore, before laying the berry, it is necessary to fumigation - application of drugs for the destruction of diseases, pests and weeds. The event is quite expensive, therefore, unfortunately, usually farmers do not conduct it because of a lack of funds. In the best case, fumigation is carried out partially, treating the field only from weeds. This treatment is best done twice with glyphosate-based continuous herbicides (according to instructions). As for pests, we already have on sale drugs such as metarizine, made on the basis of a predatory fungus, which can cope with underground pests (wireworm larvae, horsetail, bear, etc.). When the drug is introduced into the soil, the fungus settles on the pest and destroys it over time. Moreover, for a useful fauna, it is harmless.
After fumigation and fertilizing, the site is cultivated to a depth of 40-45 cm. Moreover, cultivation must be carried out at least two months before planting, so that the soil has time to compact. Planting in freshly loosened soil is unacceptable, since roots can break off during compaction and subsidence.
See also: Autumn planting of currants and gooseberries- which must be done
WAYS OF PLANTING BLACK CURRANT
When laying industrial plantations, several methods of planting currants are used. On large areas, special landing machines are used. They are not cheap, so it makes sense to acquire them if you plant large areas annually. Alternatively, you can rent such an aggregate, but this is quite problematic - it may not be near, and if you drive vehicles across half the country, landing will be very expensive. Therefore, most often use a hydraulic drill. If there is no hydraulic drill, you can use landing in the furrows, which are easy to dig through with a furrow digger. Well, the easiest, but the most time-consuming way - manual landing under the shovel.
Currants are planted 5-10 cm deeper than they grew in the school, and cut, leaving kidneys above the ground 2-3. Such techniques contribute to the intensive growth of shoots of zero order, and this is the key to a future crop.
Many make the mistake of not cutting plants after planting and trying to get a test crop. But this leads to a weak increase in shoots, reduced productivity and rapid aging of the branches. Therefore, leaving currants for fruiting in the year of planting is impractical.
After planting, abundant watering is required. An exception is landing with a hydraulic drill, since water is used when drilling a landing hole - landing and watering occur simultaneously.
Rows are best placed from north to south. Then they will be illuminated more evenly and the soil between the rows will not heat up as much as when planting from west to east.
The optimal timing of planting black currants in the North and in the Center of Ukraine is mid-late October, in the south late October - early November. Plants planted during these periods have time to take root before the frost and in the spring they grow violently. You can plant it in the spring, but it is advisable to do this as soon as possible, since the currant starts growing very early, and seedlings with blossoming leaves take root and grow worse. If planting material was stored in the cellar, it can be planted even in May, if only by this time the buds would not bloom on the seedlings.
A spring planting almost always loses an autumn one, and the later the planting occurs in the spring, the lower the growth. Therefore, it is better to plant the plantation at the most optimal time and agree on the purchase of planting material in advance.
BLACK CURRANT PLANTING MATERIAL
Blackcurrant is very easily propagated by lignified cuttings. Most of the seedlings are grown in this way. Plantation productivity depends on the quality of the seedlings. What should “right” seedlings look like?
The one-year-old seedlings of the 1 grade must be non-dried, with well-formed unblown buds, without visible mechanical damage. An enamel must have at least four roots with a length of at least 15 cm. A seedling must have one shoot with a length of at least 50 cm with a root neck of at least E. 8 cm. It is usually not difficult to find such seedlings in nurseries.
Things are much worse with two-year-old blackcurrant seedlings. The demand for seedlings is so great that all annuals of good varieties are sold. Only varieties that are not of high commercial value remain for growing.
However, they find their buyer. In the markets, amateur gardeners usually pay more attention to the size of the seedling than to the characteristics of the variety that they offer.
Recently, seedlings with a closed root system are much more often offered. However, in my opinion, they have only one advantage - the ability to land in any frost-free period.
More and more often there are offers of seedlings grown in vitro. This planting material is the most expensive, its qualities extol to heaven. However, sellers cannot provide experimentally obtained data in comparison with seedlings obtained in vitro and cuttings. Such questions even cause them indignation. And for me this fact causes distrust. After all, if in vitro seedlings are really better than cuttings, then such information would be the best advertisement.
For more than five years I have not been able to get such information from any laboratory. Well, let's speculate. Scientists have found that all diseases and pests are in the soil into which we plant non-viral material. Insects and birds carry viruses over hundreds and thousands of kilometers. With all this, a plant devoid of the immune system is left alone. In my opinion, plants
Seedlings with a closed root system can be planted in any frost-free period of the “nth” reproduction, which adapted to viruses, is much more viable than such laboratory ones. Moreover, some laboratory owners do not hide. that for perennials in vitro is just a method of accelerated reproduction, which allows you to get hundreds and thousands of times more planting material than with traditional cuttings. The only exceptions are strawberries and raspberries, for which the virus-free planting material is essential.
In addition, it is important to remember that plants from a test tube need to be adapted before planting in the ground. Otherwise, under the influence of the external environment, they may die.
Blackcurrant propagates quite easily with green cuttings. But this requires special equipment. In addition, the resulting seedlings need to be grown for another year so that they are suitable for planting plantations. This is pretty troublesome. That is why the bulk of seedlings grown in Ukraine - from lignified cuttings.
PURCHASE OF BLACK CURRANT SEEDLINGS
Before you buy seedlings for laying an industrial berry, you need to look at the nursery where they were grown. This is best done during fruiting. Many farmers grow both berries and currant seedlings. But even “clean” nursery growers growing only seedlings leave a small number of bushes for fruiting, so that there is something to show visitors. Believe me, no stories and photos give so much information. as seen first hand fruiting and tasting of berries. Pay attention should not only to yield, size and taste of berries. Of great importance is the structure of the bush. Varieties with a compact crown are suitable for industrial cultivation. Varieties with sprawling bushes are not suitable for industrial planting, since the drooping shoots make it very difficult to care for the plantings.
When visiting the nursery, you will see the conditions in which the seedlings grow, appreciate the thoroughness of their care. Along the way, be sure to agree on information support. Believe me, if you do not have experience growing currants, questions will arise for more than one year. But if you are regularly denied access to the nursery, then the matter is not clean, and you should not contact such an organization.
LANDING SCHEMES, CUTTING, FORMING OF BLACK CURRANT IN AUTUMN PLANTING
Very often, blackcurrant planting patterns depend on how the plantation will be processed. If a tractor, then the row spacing should be at least 3 m. If using a mini-tractor - at least 2-2,5 m. If using a walk-behind tractor - at least 2 m. For manual processing - 1,2-1,5 m, with a distance of 60-80 cm between plants in next to. As a result, a fruit wall is formed through 3-4 of the year.
Plays a huge role and blackcurrant bushes. The most productive shoots under the age of 5 years. With further use, their productivity decreases and productivity decreases. Therefore, the bush should consist of shoots of different ages, but not older than five years. 2-4 young escape annually. If the growth is powerful, leave more shoots, with a weak growth - less. On the 5 year. after the fourth fruiting, the branches are cut and replaced with young ones. The shoots are normalized not in the autumn, but in the spring. So. if six young shoots appeared and began to grow in the spring (and each of them draws nutrients!), and we only need three, we leave them, and cut out the excess ones. Then the growth of the remaining shoots will be much larger. and therefore higher yields.
Quite rarely, but still the following shaping is used. In the first year, two shoots are left. They bear fruit the next year, after which they are removed. In the same year, young shoots grow, which are removed the next year after fruiting. And so every year. The number of shoots left annually depends on many factors and individually in each case. If the gains are strong, they leave more, weak ones - they leave less. Such a formation allows to obtain larger berries, and the annual pruning of shoots can significantly reduce the infectious background and cost a minimum of chemical protection drugs. Landing patterns are the same as described above.
The formation includes annual sanitary cleaning, during which annually in the spring they cut out broken, dried up, infected with pests and weak shoots. Shoots are also cut, strongly inclined towards the aisles and shoots of the second and higher orders, directed inside the crown of the bush (they are unproductive, and require a lot of nutrition].
High-quality seedlings that are properly planted, formed, which are provided with proper care, always delight with a high yield.
See also: Autumn planting currants - expert advice and feedback
CURRANT - PLANTING AND CARE, CUTING AND SPREADING - VIDEO
© Author: Oleg SAVEIKO, farmer, p. Ferrets. Kozelytsinsky district. Poltava region
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