Diseases and pests of trees in the orchard - questions and answers
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DISEASES AND PESTS OF THE FRUIT GARDEN AND THE FIGHT AGAINST THEM - USEFUL ADVICE OF SPECIALISTS
Last year, the cvetodon destroyed almost the whole harvest of apples, and the fruit rot on apples and pears from year to year appears. Please tell us about the methods and timing of the garden treatment from these misfortunes.
V.V. Butrim, Volkovysk
Fight against the flower beetle
The biological methods of combating the color beetle, unfortunately, are ineffective, although they are the most environmentally justified. To minimize the number of chemical treatments of the garden, it is important to carry them out in a timely manner.
Spray the trees in the “green cone” phase (until the buds have bloomed, and the green tip-cone has appeared). You can use the preparations of Aktara, Bulldok, fastak in a tank mixture with Azophos (according to the instructions) - this will also help to reduce the spread of scab and other fungal diseases in the garden.
If it rains within 2-2,5 hours after spraying, or after a warm weather there is a sharp cooling, you will have to repeat the treatment later, since the solutions of the drugs are washed off before they have time to act.
... and fruit rot
In recent years, a difficult situation has developed with fruit rot: the fungus that causes it affects both the fruit crops themselves and the organs - flowers, ovaries, fruits, bark, shoots. Distribution is facilitated by the defeat of the fruit by other diseases that violate the integrity of their skin (scab, phylo-sticktosis), damage by insect pests and birds, as well as a high infectious background in the garden (mummified fruits remaining on the trees, affected branches, shoots). Therefore, the fight against fruit rot will have to be conducted on several "fronts."
1. Spray the trees with fungicides in phases: “beginning of flowering”, “falling of the petals”, “size of the fruit with hazel” and “size of the fruit with walnut”. Preparations: Aktara, Delan, Chorus, Strobi, Poliram, Trideks (Pennkotseb), Skor, Tersel, etc. (according to the instructions). It is better to use them in the form of tank mixtures with insecticides (Novaktion, Danadim, Karate, Decis) for the simultaneous control of pests.
2. Compulsory treatment with copper, urea, ammonium nitrate (for example, spraying with 10% urea solution after falling leaves) is mandatory.
For the prevention of fruit rot:
- destroy mummified fruits, remove sick apples in a timely manner - it is advisable to bury them to a depth of at least 20 cm, and if you add them to compost, you can use it only after two years;
- do sanitary pruning of trees, dig the soil in the trunk circles.
Julia KONDRATHENOK. Cand. of sciences
IMPORTANT!
Do not use the same drug twice a season - so that addiction does not develop in pathogens and insect pests. Use drugs strictly according to the instructions! Spray in calm, calm weather in the morning or in the evening (or during the day in cloudy weather).
We also recommend reading: Spraying the garden in the spring - with chemistry and without (reminder to the gardener)
Resin in the trees
In early spring, treat trees of stone fruit trees that are affected by gum dropping due to frost damage to the bark. The disease weakens plants, reduces yield, and in the case of a chronic form can cause the death of individual branches and even a tree. Strip the bark areas at the points of gum secretion with a knife to a healthy tissue, then disinfect with 1% solution of copper sulfate (or rub three to four times at intervals of 10-15 minutes with fresh leaves of sorrel) and cover with garden varnish or tie with plastic wrap.
Raisa MATVEEVA, Cand. Biol. science
TREATMENT OF THE GARDEN FOR DISEASES AND PESTS
culture | Processing time | Fungicides (from diseases) | Insecticides (from pests) |
stone fruit:
cherry; plum; apricot |
Early spring (before the beginning of vegetation)
The beginning of the isolation of buds End of flowering |
Is fast
Chorus Strobes Kvadris Fundazole |
Kinmix
Decis Pros Aktellik Karate |
Pomegranate:
Apple tree; pear |
Early spring
(before vegetation) Separation of buds End of flowering 7-10 days after the previous treatment Ovaries 2-3 cm in size |
Strobes
Is fast Chorus Fundazole Topaz Bayleton |
Kinmix
Decis Pros Aktellik Karate |
TREATING TREES
Places with cracks, traces of broken branches, hollow, backlog of bark, black plaque on the trunk - all this is immediately cleaned and treated with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. In order not to damage the bark, thick branches saw indented from the place of growth with the trunk and only then I remove the stump. I carry out the work with a narrow file - a hacksaw with small teeth. I clean the kinks with a sharp garden knife, leveling the surface, disinfect with a 3% solution of copper sulfate (300 g per 10 liters of water) and paint it with paint or garden varnish.
See also: Spraying with blue vitriol / Bordeaux liquid in the “green cone” phase
Sleight belt from bandage
How to protect the garden in the spring from pests and diseases?
Lidia Osipova, Morshansk
- In early spring, an apple beetle wakes up and immediately hurries to fruit trees to lay eggs in flower buds.
I put hunting belts on the shafts in advance - I wrap the tree trunk with a medical bandage in 2-3 layers. It keeps well on rough bark. I put on a bandage a thin layer of glue for catching mice. When it is absorbed, I apply a second coat. I’m shaking behind the thick branches of a tree: if insects have already climbed onto it, they will be on the ground, and they have been ordered to go up.
When warm weather is established (in the daytime + 12 ... + 15 degrees), I process the garden from pests with systemic insecticides (Actellik, Fufanon): they, unlike folk remedies or biological products, affect not only insects and their larvae, but also delayed ones the eggs. Repeated spraying - after flowering (when the ovaries begin to form). It is useful to combine treatment from pests with spraying from fungal diseases (fungicides Skor, Chorus, etc.).
Mikhail CHERTOK, agronomist, Moscow.
From aphids on cherry
I begin the fight against aphids on cherries in the spring when the first leaves are opened. I spray it with infusion of ash (pour 500 g of ash into 5 liters of water, cover, insist for three days, then add water to 10 liters). I process every 10 days (total - at least three times). This is not only protection against aphids, but also feeding cherry.
Vladimir BUBNOVICH, Novogrudok
Serum defeated fungus
From powdery mildew on gooseberries, phlox and other garden plants I get rid of using whey. In the spring, I put the jars on the windowsill and keep them in the sun for a few days (the longer the better, so that the liquid turns out to be vigorous).
I don’t breed anything, and as soon as the first young leaves begin to blossom, I fill up the sprayer with serum and treat the plants. I repeat 2-3 times - after 10 days.
Alla SAVINA, Novopolotsk
Experts comments
With the approach of heat, the overwintering spores begin to actively scatter and damage the plants. And the essence of serum treatment is the following: yeast and other microorganisms that are contained in the serum, displace harmful fungi.
Such a technique is also effective: spray in the early spring (before buds open) the bushes and the soil under them with a solution of copper sulfate (80 g per 10 l of water).
Manana KASTRITSKAYA, Cand. of sciences
Scare away the weevil
Before the buds open, apple trees are sprinkled abundantly with milk of lime (1,5 kg of freshly slaked lime per 10 l of water) so that the branches turn white. Female weevils fly around such trees.
Vasily BARKOVETS, city of Borisov
See also: Infusions and folk remedies for spraying from pests
CANDIDATE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF RAIS MATVEEV ADVISES:
Protect gooseberries
When the buds gooseberry gooseberries, the plant is attacked by sawflies, moths, moths, aphids. Against pests, spray bushes with mustard infusion (100 g of dry mustard powder is infused in 10 liters of water for two days, then diluted twice with cold water and 40 ml of liquid soap is added). If there are a lot of pests, treat the gooseberry with an insecticide (Fufanon or Actellik) according to the instructions.
Mandatory prophylaxis For the prevention of powdery mildew, treat gooseberries and currants before flowering with Bayleton, Fundazol, Karatan or Topsin-M (according to instructions). To protect against pathogens of anthracnose, septoria, goblet rust, spray gooseberries, currants, strawberries with 1% Bordeaux fluid.
Fire treatment
In recent years, I have been treating fruit trees against pests and diseases with fire. Very effective! I carry out the procedure in the early spring before buds open when there is still snow.
I wrap a metal rod with a rag, securely fasten it, dip it in used machine oil and set it on fire. I drive with a torch around the trunk and branches, slightly burning their surface. When burning, such a torch gives a lot of soot, which covers the trees, creating good protection from pests.
Vasily BARKOVETS, city of Borisov
Experts comments
Like scalding berry bushes with hot (+ 60 ... + 70 deg.) Water, fire treatment kills wintering pests and pathogens. However, this does not exclude the need for subsequent agricultural and chemical measures to protect plants. Be careful not to burn the bark and burn yourself!
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science
Berries without rot
To prevent gray rot on strawberries I make beds in ventilated and sunny places. Bushes planted at a distance of 15-25 cm from each other, the distance between the rows - 60-90, see In the aisles I plant garlic - to protect against diseases. During the growth of buds and budding, I spray strawberries (2 times with an interval of 10 days) with whey dissolved in water (1: 10), adding 15-20 drops of iodine to 10 L of the composition.
Nikolay Mandrik, the city of Volkovysk
Pure gooseberry bushes ...
Against powdery mildew, I process a solution of soda ash (50 g per 10 l of water) with soap (50 g per 10 l of water). Or infusion of mullein (1:10). After 8-10 days, I repeat the spraying.
... and currants
In early May, I treat currants against a kidney tick with a solution of colloidal sulfur (100 g per 10 liters of water). From anthracnose and septoria, I spray 1% Bordeaux fluid. I repeat the procedure after 7-8 days.
Alexey PETRISHCHEV, Tambov Region
Lichens, away!
A neighbor regularly inspects his garden in the spring and removes lichens from branches and trunks. Is it necessary to do this?
T.S. Danilov, Pskov region
- If lichens settled on tree trunks, they must be destroyed before the sap flow begins. The procedure is simple: spread the plastic wrap on a subtree and use a wooden scraper to peel off the flaky bark on it (and with it all the unsolicited residents, including eggs, pupae and adults of various pests). Scrape to a healthy bark. Then treat these places with 7-10% solution of iron sulfate. Spray the soil under the tree with urea solution (matchbox on a bucket of water).
Raisa MATVEEVA, Cand. Biol. science
Tick - in boiling water
In early spring, before the start of the growing season, many gardeners against powdery mildew pour boiling water over currant and gooseberry bushes. I use the same method on strawberry plants in the fight against ticks. I pour hot (+65 deg.) Water from a watering can into the middle of the bushes - 0,5 liters per plant.
Galina BYCH, Krasnodar Territory
Gooseberry without plaque
Last season, managed to get rid of powdery mildew on gooseberries.
In early spring, before budding, he treated the bushes with 3% Bordeaux fluid.
During the bud blossom, the plants were sprayed with an 1% solution of soda ash.
During the setting of berries, I used the following composition: in a bucket of water I parted a liter jar of sifted wood ash, boiled for 10 minutes. Gave time to cool and stand. Poured into another bucket without sediment, added a small amount of crushed laundry soap. Processed 3 times with an interval of 2-3 days.
Nikolay Mandrik, the city of Volkovysk
Fruit trees in the garden started to hurt. There are some growths on the bark. What happened?
Tatyana Verbovaya, Poltava
- The trees were chosen by the apple-tree commander. The pest damages an apple tree, pear, plum, apricot, currant, hawthorn, mountain ash and other deciduous trees and shrubs. This is a small insect, which got its name from the shape of the shield (resembles a comma) covering the body of a female. The larvae of the pest (stroller) are light yellow, wingless, flat, oval, with well-developed three pairs of legs. Eggs hibernate under the shields of dead females located on the bark of trunks and branches of trees and shrubs. At the end of flowering of the apple tree or soon after, larvae hatch from eggs. Having found the young branch with tender bark, they pierce it, stick tightly and feed heavily on the plant juices. With the mass propagation of pests, the trees weaken, the bark dies, the leaves fall prematurely.
Control measures
- In early spring, it is necessary to clean the trunks and branches of the upper dead layer of the bark, and burn to clean.
- Immediately after flowering, spray the trees with one of the preparations: Novaktion, Su-mition, Fufanon (according to the instructions).
- Fertilize the garden, loosen the soil and follow other agricultural practices that increase the resistance of plants to pests.
Speckled Apples
On apples under the skin there are a lot of brown dots. What is the reason? What should be done this season to ensure that the fruits are clean?
Valentina Ivanova, Salihorsk
- Fruits are affected by subcutaneous spotting (bitter dimple). This is a physiological noncommunicable disease. It begins to develop in the garden, but it presents a special danger during storage.
The development of the disease in the spring-summer period is facilitated by:
- excessive pruning;
- high humidity;
- violation of tree nutrition;
- irregular water availability.
What to do
Collect only ripe apples, discard fruits with emerging subcutaneous spotting.
Treat the trees with a solution of calcium chloride (concentration - 0,5-1%) immediately after the leaves bloom and twice during the summer.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science
Coccomycosis on a cherry
Red spots appeared on the leaves of the cherry. What is it?
Gennady Kulakov, Saratov Region
Control measures
Before budding, sprinkle the trees with Bordeaux liquid or 3% solution of iron sulfate.
- The main diseases of cherries and cherries are coccomycosis and moniliosis. In the first case, small reddish-brown spots appear on the leaves. With moniliosis, a rot stain occurs on the pulp, which quickly spreads.
After harvest, treat with any fungicide (Skor, Chorus, Sillit, Rayek) according to the instructions.
It is important to regularly remove and burn all spared fruits, and cut the branches, capturing healthy tissue by 10 cm.
Ilya POLYUBYATKO
DIY Butterfly Trap
Is there an effective trap for butterfly pests?
Elena Trofimchuk, Alexandria
- During the flight of butterflies of the leaf moth and the apple codling moth, in the evening, hang 1-3 liter jars, one third filled with an odorous mash, in the crowns of the trees. In the morning, take out the catch of butterflies from the cans, and store the mixture in a closed container in a cool place until evening. Preparation of the composition: 200-300 g of rye bread crusts, 3-5 tbsp. sugar and a little yeast, fill with water in a 3-liter jar, cover with gauze and put in a warm place.
After 1-2 days, the mash is ready. Pour the liquid into the bottles, hang in the crown of the tree, and again put the bread and sugar in the sediment, pour water.
Vladimir PRITULYAK, agronomist,
Wasps away!
Wasps attack the ripened plums and spoil the fruits. How to protect the crop?
Natalya Telekhanchik
- The only reliable way to protect the fruits of plums and other crops from wasps is to cover with a fine wire mesh or other material.
Lyudmila GRAKHOLSKAYA, agronomist
Gooey plum
Why do plum trees give off glue?
Alexander Mshar
- Kamedetection (sticky discharge) is the result of the response of the plant to external damage to the bark of branches or trunk. Arise:
- from mechanical defects (peeled the bark with secateurs when pruning);
- in winter (sunburn, cracking of the bark);
- as a result of exposure to diseases and pests (kleasterosporiosis, moniliosis, aphids).
The raspberry beetle
In the last 2-3 years, raspberries were wormy. I guess the raspberry bug is to blame. How and in what time frame to deal with it?
M.K. Zvonkin, Vitebsk region
- To combat raspberry beetle:
- before flowering raspberries, manually shake the beetles from the plants;
- remove damaged berries;
- In the autumn dig up the soil under the bushes;
- during budding, spray raspberries with insecticides (Actellik, Karate) according to the instructions.
Mushroom on the trunk
A dense porcini mushroom has grown on the trunk of a young cherry. How to save a tree?
Sergei Kuznetsov
- The appearance of growths on the trunks of fruit trees in the form of dense white (gray) tinder fungi indicates either a plant freezing in previous winters, or a lack of proper care and premature aging of the tree.
What is the period of action of the most commonly used chemicals and fertilizers after their dilution? How long does it take before the rain for the drugs to take effect?
A. Lagunov, Oryol
- You should carefully read the instructions for use of insecticide, fungicide, herbicide. The working solution cannot be stored - it is prepared immediately before use and is used until the end of the day. The effect of the use of certain drugs is achieved 2-3 hours after treatment. And, for example, Roundup herbicide is completely absorbed by the plant within 4-6 hours after application to the surface of leaves or shoots. Rain that has passed less than 6 hours after treatment can wash the product off the leaves and significantly reduce its effect.
Manana KASTRITSKAYA, Cand. of sciences
Powdery plaque appeared on the leaves, shoots and berries of currants and gooseberries.
How to deal with it?
Olga Kulagina
- This is powdery mildew - a fungal disease that usually manifests itself during the ripening period. At this time, you can not use chemicals. It is necessary to cut the affected shoots, leaves, fruits and burn it all outside the territory of the site. Plants once a week for a month can be treated with the following infusion: pour 3 kg of wood ash in a bucket of boiling water, leave for a day, strain.
After collecting the fruits, currants are suitable for spraying with sulfur-containing preparations (for example, dissolve 50 g of colloidal sulfur in 10 l of water; the norm is 1 l per bush).
BTW: Sulfur cannot be used on gooseberries, since it can lead to the fall of leaves. IT IS BETTER TO PROCESS WITH FUNDAZOLE (10 G PER A BUCKET OF WATER; NORMALITY - 0,5 L PER PLANT).
Irina Gurieva, teach, comp. FNTS them. Michurin
Garlic against ants
Ants do not like the smell of garlic, so I tie the trunks of fruit trees with freshly picked garlic arrows at a height of 20-30 cm from the ground. On the ant paths or next to their passages I lay out the sliced cloves of garlic.
Svetlana BORTNIK
Strawberry White Spot
Strawberry is sick: spots first appear on the bushes (like rust), and then holes form in these places. What to do?
Oksana Kiprey
- Perhaps the bushes were chosen by white spotting. This fungal disease affects the leaves to a greater extent, but can also occur on petioles, young shoots, stalks and berries. Small spots with reddish-brown rim appear on the leaves. Over time, the central part of the spot may fall out, holes form. Mushroom winters on fallen leaves. Therefore in early spring
collect and destroy them, dig up the soil in rows and row-spacings. Immediately after flowering, 10-12 days after it and after harvesting, spray strawberries with 1% Bordeaux liquid. With a strong development of the disease during the growing season after harvesting, the bed can be treated with fungicide (for example, Horus - at the rate of 7 g per 10 liters of water).
Natalia KLAKOTSKA, Cand. of sciences
From powdery mildew
What folk remedy is most effective for powdery mildew on berries and trees?
Petr Zholudev, the city of Chashniki
- There are a lot of them, for example, you can apply infusion of field sow thistle (yellow): 1 kg of crushed fresh stems and leaves, pour 3 liters of water, leave for 7-8 hours, strain, add 15 ml of liquid soap and spray berries and trees 3 times with an interval of 4-5 days.
Alla DMITRIEVA, Cand. Biol. science
Cherry plum, do not be sick!
I decided to plant a couple of hybrid cherry plum seedlings. But they say these trees are rather unstable. What diseases are they at risk?
Tatyana Voronova, Ostrov city
- The most common fungal disease of cherry plum hybrid
- holey spotting (or kleasterosporiosis).
Pale brown round spots form on the leaves, which crumble over time and leave holes in their place. The fungus also affects fruits, buds and branches, causing gum disease. Sick branches need to be cut and burned, and wounds from pruning should be treated with garden var. For prevention, right after flowering, you can spray the plants with 1% Bordeaux liquid or antifungal drugs (Topaz, Skor).
Valeriya LAGONENKO, biologist
Folk remedies for pests - table
vermin |
Raw |
Preparation and use |
|
Calendula (marigold) |
Boil 100 g of flowers for 20-30 minutes in 1 liter of water. Insist in a dark place for two days. Dilute 1: 1 with water before use |
Aphids, mites and other leaf sucking |
Burdock (leaves) |
Fill the bucket with a third of chopped leaves, pour warm water, stand for 3 days. Treat 3 times at weekly intervals |
|
Coniferous extract (pharmacy) |
1 tbsp dilute in a bucket of water, spray * trees and bushes. Repeat in a week. Very effective tool! |
aphid |
Geranium (room) |
Set flower pots under currants, raspberries, honeysuckle |
Moths (summer), blackberry mites (autumn) |
Marigold |
0,5 kg of fresh plants (with roots) brew for 20 minutes in 10 liters of boiling water, cool. For treatments in June-July, dilute with water 1: 3, in autumn - 1: 2 |
Aphids, Fruit flies, leaf-eating and leaf-feeding |
Mustard (powder) |
100 g of powder insist in a bucket of hot water for 1-2 days |
Spider mites, aphids, gooseberry moths, sawflies, gall and tsy, leafworms |
Onions |
Pour 500 g of husk with a bucket of hot water, insist for 2-3 days, dilute half with water. Spray trees 3 times with an interval of 5 days |
Leaf-eating larvae, young caterpillars |
Nightshade (aerial part) |
7 kg of fresh raw materials for 6 hours in a bucket of water. Then boil for 3 hours over low heat. In a cool dark place the composition is stored for several months |
Leafy-sprouting, sawfly, fire, caterpillars, fruit moths |
Pretender hay |
Fill a bucket with a third of finely chopped hay, add water and insist 3 days. Dilute the composition with water 1: 3 |
Save memo with picture
COMMENTS OF THE SPECIALIST
Herbal infusions and decoctions are effective as preventive measures in pest control. But when you have discovered massive damage to trees, it is necessary to use chemical insecticides.
Valery MATVEEV, Doctor of Science
Diseases and pests of the garden and the garden from A to Z - EXCELLENT VIDEO
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In June (20-25 days after flowering), as well as in early July, when the fruit is the size of a walnut (no later!), Do not miss the protective treatments of apple and pear. Of the pests, the trees are primarily threatened by the moth, various sawflies, aphids, and fruit mites are also active. Against them, use the insecticides Aktara, Arrivo, Decis, Iskra, Kin-mix, Tan Rivers, Karate, Fufanon (according to instructions).
Of the diseases in this period, scab is rampant, which is relevant for both the apple tree and the pear. And some more leaf spotting. In this case, in cool weather (below +15 degrees), Horus treatment is effective, if the month is hot, use the fungicides Skor, Bayleton, Delan, Cumulus, Topsin, Topaz, Rayek, Strobi.
In dry, hot weather, the risk of damage to the apple tree by powdery mildew increases. In addition to the above fungicides, Impact, PSK, TiovitJet, Strike will help to cope with the problem.
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If you find drying shoots on cherries, cherries, plums, plums (or if the branches are covered with ulcers and dents, from which gum flows intensively), immediately cut them out and burn them.
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Have you noticed yellow tuberous leaves, short thick shoots on raspberry bushes, and the berries are not tied to them? This is curly. Cut and burn such branches.
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Two years ago they bought an empty plot. We are building a house in one part, and a garden has already been planted in the other. But not all trees have taken root in us, and this year we will plant new ones in their place. Those that died have root damage, some seem to be bitten. Who could do that, mice?
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Often, bear cubs and larvae of the May beetle will burrow on the tender roots of young seedlings.
These insects are soil pests and rarely come to the attention of gardeners. Only by digging the earth can they be discovered and destroyed. Therefore, to protect the trees in the soil, you need to add granules of the special preparation “Terradox” or dip the roots of seedlings before planting in an insecticidal-earthen mash prepared from it. This will provide protection against any soil pests.
E. KARPACHEVA, agronomist scientist
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Brown spots appear on the leaves of the pear. Moreover, they go in such even lines along the central vein, and are located on both sides of the leaf. Tell me what this disease is.
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This is most likely not a disease. Very similar to leaf damage with a pear tall mite.
Pear gall mite - the pest is very small. You can’t even see it. And under a microscope, it looks like this: with 4 legs and a cylindrical body. The tick lives and multiplies in the tissues of the leaf, precisely in the places of feeding. Where the tick bites the surface of the leaf, brownish-green, pinkish swellings appear, but gradually they turn brown, blacken and dry out. Damage is placed along the central vein in the form of paths, as you described.
Adult ticks hibernate under the scales of the kidneys and during blooming penetrate the tissue of young leaves, where several generations of the tick develop over the summer. To reduce the number of ticks, it is necessary annually in the spring, during the budding period, to spray the trees with a preparation based on karbofos. With a large number of pests, repeated sprayings are carried out with the same preparation, but later, when the leaves are already branches.
Now is the time to carry out preventive spraying!