Tomatoes are indeterminate, semi-determinant, determinant and superdeterminant: difference and varieties
Contents ✓
INDETERMINANT, SEMI-DETERMINANT, DETERMINANT AND SUPERDETERMINANT TOMATOES - OUR REVIEWS
The time has come to plant solanaceous crops for seedlings. Among the favorites are, as always, tomatoes, which, due to the specifics of the national cuisine, occupy 25% of the diet of vegetables of Ukrainians. The variety of shapes, colors, flavors and useful properties of these vegetables continue to amaze and delight. Possessing a rather large collection of tomato varieties and constantly replenishing it, we try to select technology elements for each variety in accordance with its biological characteristics, thereby helping plants to reveal in all its glory.
TOMATO - A SUPERFUL VEGETABLE
Nutritionists claim that the norm of consumption of tomatoes per person per year is 30 kg. By this indicator, tomato is second only to cabbage, three times superior to cucumber. It has in its composition an almost complete set of vitamins and mineral salts, and is not inferior to citrus in the content of vitamin C and carotenoids.
Recently, in the scientific literature, much has been written about the strongest antioxidant, a representative of the carotenoid group - lycopene. A high level of lycopene in the blood protects the cardiovascular system, prevents atherosclerosis, as it prevents the thickening of the inner layer of the vessel wall. Folic acid found in tomatoes helps prevent other diseases, such as breast and prostate cancer.
One of the champions for lycopene is the English variety Healthy Life. This is a large cherry. The bush is tall, powerful. The variety is high-yielding, long-term fruiting. The plant is unpretentious in cultivation.
TOMATO GROWTH TYPE IS IMPORTANT
When starting to grow tomatoes, you need to remember about features such as tomato growth. It is on this that the early maturity, the duration of fruiting, the formation of the bush and the density of the plants depend.
According to the scientific classification, according to the type of bush growth, tomatoes are divided into indeterminate, semi-determinant, determinant and super-determinant. The concept of determinism was introduced in 1914, when an American breeder from the state of Florida, when working with indeterminate varieties (there were no others at that time), noticed that one of the plants was completing.
Scientists later proved that this is a manifestation of a recessive gene. This discovery played a huge role. On its basis, breeders have bred a large number of stunted early ripening varieties. Tomato as a culture has stepped far north. In particular, Ukrainian experts have created many varieties of tomato for industrial production.
DETERMINANT TOMATOES
There are many determinant varieties in our collection. Among them are early ripe heart-shaped: Grandee (with pink fruits). Эльдорадо (with bright yellow fruits), Pan tomato (red-fruited). Cherokee purple heart American breeding as well Favorite holiday, Royal gift, Princess Olga (new season). Amish pasta (with large cream fruits).
INDETERMINANT TOMATOES
Tomatoes of indeterminate type are characterized by constant growth of the main stem, strong branching, and the formation of inflorescences through three to four leaves. The first inflorescence is laid after the 7-14th leaf. In tomatoes with a determinant type of bush growth, the first brush is laid after the 8-9th leaf, the second - after 3. the next - after 1-2, and the stem ends with a brush.
Our favorite indeterminate varieties: dark-skinned handsome Royal Purple, Saint Pierre (with spherical red fruits), very heat-resistant and drought-resistant Aussie, heart-shaped Freken Bock (with pink fruits) and Kangaroo heart (with red fruits), bicolor Armenian
SEMI-DETERMINANT TOMATOES
Semi-determinant type tomatoes occupy an intermediate position between determinant and indeterminate. The first brush is laid over the 8-11th sheet. The bush forms up to ten inflorescences in 2-3 leaves. The main shoot of such plants reaches 1.5-1,7 m in height. Semi-determinant varieties grow relatively long, bear fruit evenly throughout the season. Among the representatives of this group can be distinguished Italian variety Homestead, Green Giant (with very sweet fruits), exotic siblings H-34 Rot raspberry and yellow, very resistant to late blight Alicante English descent, Elder of American Breeding Super Sioux and other varieties of salad and pickling type.
SUPERDETERMINANT TOMATOES
The superdeterminant type of growth is inherent in the most early-growing tomatoes, they manage to bear fruit before the onset of late blight. The first inflorescence in them is laid after the 5th leaf, in the future - through one, sometimes through two leaves. 2-4 brushes are laid on the main stem, 2-3 inflorescences on the lateral stems, after which an apical inflorescence or leaf develops. Harvest on such bushes is formed almost simultaneously. This group includes the so-called standard varieties.
They usually have very strong and beautiful seedlings. Plants do not lie under the weight of the crop for a very long time. The fruits do not fall when ripe, suitable for machine harvesting, have a good taste. The varieties of Ukrainian breeders are superdeterminant: Sparkle. Seagull, Lagid, Ephemer, Golden Stream, Altai (Wash), Irishka etc. In addition to them, we can boast of such pearls of our collection as handsome Duckling (with orange fruits), super-early Olya-Polka (with yellow ball-shaped fruits), Polish round fruit Yavor, Firewood (with red cream) and striped Jalpa.
TOMATOES - LANDING AND CARE FOR SCIENCE
Tomato requirements for growing conditions are due to its South American origin. Tomato is thermophilic, grows well in conditions of large daily temperature fluctuations, loves low relative humidity, moderate watering and intense air movement.
Tomato is the most drought tolerant among nightshade. The root system of the tomato stem. With the seedlingless method of cultivation, the root goes deeper into the soil by 1.5 m. Given this, we plant seedlings grown in glasses in trenches seasoned with organic matter, mineral fertilizers and pre-flooded with water. After transplanting seedlings into the ground, we conduct one watering during planting, and then do not water it for 10 days, stimulating the growth of the core root down.
Unlike tomato, the root system of pepper is much weaker; it develops only in the upper layers of the soil. Therefore, pepper requires watering in small portions of water, but often. This also applies to eggplant. With a lack of moisture, they shed flowers and ovary.
Tomato seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 11 ° C. At soil temperatures above 20 ° C, seeds germinate on the 3-4th day, so we put the boxes with sown seeds on the warm floor and we get friendly shoots.
Tomato is picky about light. When the first shoots appear, we install above them neon fluorescent lamps of a soft shade. In the first three days, the lighting should be round-the-clock, in the future we lighten the seedlings in such a way that the total daylight hours were 12-14 hours a day. In the phase of three real leaves, it is important not to overheat the seedlings and gently re-illuminate it. as the plants begin to form the first flower brush.
Tomatoes have this feature: they most quickly form the first brush at an air temperature of 6-13 ° C. A temperature of 10-12 ° C at night after the formation of cotyledons positively affects the formation of the primordium of the first brush. The optimum soil temperature for plants is 15-25 ° C. At temperatures below 15 ° C, plants cease to absorb phosphorus. This should be especially taken into account when growing seedlings, since phosphorus has a great influence on the formation of the root system.
When growing seedlings, it is important to strike a balance between temperature and light: the more light, the higher the temperature. The optimum temperature is 18-22 ° C during the day and 14-16 ° C at night.
Of great importance when growing seedlings is the quality of the soil. It should be nutritious, loose, moisture-absorbing, free of various infections, and not swim when watering. The soil mixture can be prepared independently or purchased in a specialized store. In recent years, we have been using Classman Nutrient Blend and are satisfied with the result.
Our many years of experience suggests that without dressing, good seedlings cannot be obtained. We use Novofert complex fertilizer (100% soluble. On a chelate basis). Thanks to him, we get powerful plants with a well-developed root system.
At the last stage of growing seedlings, foliar top dressing is very effective. In addition to direct action, they stimulate the use of nutrients from the soil. As a result, seedlings begin to consume more water, so watering during this period must be done every other day.
One of the main indicators of seedling quality is a good survival rate after transplantation into open ground. In this regard, air and temperature hardening is of great importance. We carry it out as soon as the weather permits, but not less than 10 days.
To protect plants from pests, the day before planting in open ground, we spill seedlings with a solution of Provanto maxi (confidor maxi) or actar, and we also carry out root dressing with an increased dose of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (10 g of ammonium nitrate, 40 g of superphosphate and 80 g of sulfate potassium per 5 l of water) .This contributes to the activation of the root system and better survival of plants. Spraying seedlings with a biostimulator of growth of epin-extra 1–2 days before planting on the plot gives a very good effect. Against fungal diseases five days before landing a permanent place of seedlings treat fungicide magnikur neo (Consent).
In the new season, we wish our fellow gardeners peace, good mood and satisfaction from the results of our beloved business on our beautiful Ukrainian land.
See also: Tomatoes indeterminate and determinant - differences
TOMATOES INDETERMINANT AND DETERMINANT VARIETIES: VIDEO
© Author: Lyudmila and Tatiana BELOZERSKIE, Radomyshl, Zhytomyr region.
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- 7 questions about growing tomato seedlings - planting and care
- Signs of ripeness of black, blue tomatoes - how to know that they are ripe?
- Growing tomatoes CHERRY - planting and care, reviews of varieties
- Tomato variety "Mammoth" - reviews from a gardener-agronomist
- Tomato Surprise Heart - my reviews
- Growing tomatoes in the Novosibirsk region - planting and care, my advice
- Growing tomatoes on narrow beds by the method of Mittlajdera
- Tomato Disease - Dry spotting and Septoria or white spotting. Control measures.
- Growing tomatoes, hereditary (family), indeterminant and determinant varieties
- Tomato bed with "built-in" drip irrigation and crystal grass instead of mulch
Subscribe to updates in our groups and share.
Let's be friends!