Fruit trees - planting by seeds in August
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TIME TO PLANT FRUIT SEEDS - IRGA, ARONIA, KIZIL AND HENOMELES
© Author: Nikolai KHROMOV
Sowing the seeds of fruit crops is usually suitable for producing hybrids rather than progeny of a particular variety. But there are crops, sowing which, you are unlikely to get a worse than the mother plant.
These include the well-known common mountain ash, pleasant to the taste and color of chokeberry, sugary children's candy berry irga, the mysterious chaenomeles and fancy dogwood.
BTW
Despite such a complex name "stratification", it has a very simple meaning. It is enough to take freshly isolated seeds and put them in river sand or wet sawdust in a ratio of about 3: 1. Some gardeners advise to soak them for a couple of days in wet gauze before placing the seeds in wet sand, the seeds will definitely not get worse from this, so you can try.
WHAT IS STRATIFICATION AND HOW IS IT CORRECT TO DO? VIDEO
See also: Preparation of seeds for sowing - dressing, germination, stratification, vernalization, etc.
In addition to maintaining the moisture content of the substrate in which the seeds will lie before sowing, it is also necessary to withstand the temperature. Ideally, it should be at + 2-3 degrees. Small bags can simply be placed in the refrigerator (but not in the freezer!). Usually, seeds for stratification are laid as soon as the fruits of a particular variety of mountain ash ripen, that is, from early August to mid-September.
Sowing of seeds is started either in August, if sown with fresh seeds, or in spring, if sown with stratified seeds.
The seeds are placed in pre-made grooves, sealed to a depth of about one and a half centimeters and sprinkled with nutritious soil. If the seeds sprout too often, then they must be thinned out. The optimal distance between seedlings is about 3-4 cm. In the future, the distance must be doubled, but then the thinned plants should not be thrown away, it is better to transplant them to a new place or to that part of the garden where seedlings did not appear at all.
Usually, for transplanting to a permanent place, plants grow in one place for at least two years.
IMPORTANT!
If you plan to get really chic plants with a well-developed root system and a branched aerial part already in the first couple of years after sowing, then complex mineral fertilizers must be introduced into the soil in advance.
ROWAN BLACK FRUIT OR ARONIA BY SEEDS
The offspring obtained from the sowing of chokeberry seeds are distinguished by their evenness, stability of fruiting and retain the maximum of cultural characteristics of the parental form. Naturally, in order to get seedlings, fruits are needed, so they should be taken only from the most productive plants.
Of the advantages of this method of reproduction, one can also name the fact that the seed material of chokeberry does not need to be stratified at all. The seeds can be sown in August, immediately after they are isolated from the fruit.
They are buried to a depth of no more than 2 cm. A distance of about 25-30 cm is left between the rows. In case of mass shoots, the seedlings must be thinned out. You should not rush, wait for a pair of real leaves to form on the plants. After the first thinning, the distance between the seedlings should be at least 2-3 cm.Re-thinning is carried out when the seedlings have two or three pairs of true leaves; after the second thinning, the distance between the seedlings should be about 5-7 cm.
After the second thinning of the seedlings, the seedlings should be left alone for a while, however, the condition of the soil and its moisture must continue to be monitored - remove weeds, loosen the soil and water it as it dries.
But next year, in the spring, while the soil is still wet, you can carry out the final, third thinning. It is noteworthy that such adult plants can not be thrown away, and after being removed from the soil, transplanted to a new place. After the third thinning, the distance between the seedlings should be about 16-18 cm.
On good soil and with sufficient care, the seedlings can be transplanted to a new place by the fall of the second year.
Reference by topic: DIY stratification of seeds - 3 ways + deadlines. Memo
IRGA SEEDS
There are actually not so many ways of breeding irgi, it works poorly with green cuttings, grafting on mountain ash contributes to the formation of a large number of shoots, and you cannot get many seedlings by root suckers or dividing a bush. Reproduction by sowing seeds is quite another matter.
The germination rate of the seeds of the largest-fruited species - alder irriga - is quite high. Seeds do not need stratification at all - on the contrary, it can even harm them: they wake up quite early, often when there is still snow on the soil, and if placed under the snow, they can continue to grow even there, eventually intertwining so that they are sown becomes unreal. Therefore, a couple of months after separation from the fruits (optimally in August), without even completely clearing the dry pulp, they must be sown on the site.
Sow in beds 3-4 cm deep, you can pour humus on the bottom and put seeds on it, like on a soft pillow. They come up in the spring, as a rule, very amicably. It is noteworthy that irga can not be thinned out at all, just wait for the plants to grow up in a year and plant them less often.
After about two years, the seedlings will get stronger and will be ready for transplanting to a new place. They always take root very well; even if you accidentally cut off a part of the root, the plant will survive and, with some delay, will begin to grow again, and after a couple of years it will catch up with its fellow tribesmen.
It is often asked whether it is necessary to feed the seedlings. The answer to this question is simple - it all depends on the quality of your soil: if it is rich in organic matter, then the seedlings will grow full-fledged without top dressing, but if the soil is poor, then you cannot do without improving it. Usually limited to the introduction of ammonium nitrate - about 20 g per 1 m2 soil.
HENOMELES SEEDS
To the pluses of this method of reproduction in culture, you can also carry the fact that it is pleasant to even allocate seeds. All you need to do is cut the fruit across - and they will spill out into your hands.
The seeds do not need stratification, but they germinate more amicably in rich soil. Therefore, tired soils, poor in organic matter, should be fed by adding a bucket of humus per square meter or scattering peat over the surface and digging up the site.
Chaenomeles is planted at the end of August, seeds are planted to a depth of no more than 3 cm, sowing one and a half hundred seeds per square meter. After sowing, the furrows are filled up and slightly compacted the soil surface.
Seeds sown at the end of summer go through the preparatory period right in the soil, and in spring, as a rule, they start growing together.
Approximately in the second year of life, seedlings, carefully grown, the soil under which was loosened, weeds were removed and watering was carried out, can be planted in a new permanent place.
CORNEL SEEDS
This culture is quite new: barrels or pears are often dark red, and sometimes yellow or almost black, not so often found, especially in areas of central Russia. Still, this is a southerner, there the fruits are tastier, sweeter, although they ripen, as in the center of the country, around mid-August, despite the fact that the dogwood blooms so early that often snow lies on its flowers, yellow, like the spring sun.
Dogwood cuttings are not rooted well, layering and grafting are excluded, and dividing the bush will only add worries, but you will get a minimum of seedlings. Sowing seeds is different! It is a pleasure to isolate them, no more difficult than from cherries. The seeds are large, elongated, like those of gum or almonds.
They are sown at the end of August in the grooves, leaving a distance of about 10-12 cm between them, so you can forget about thinning the seedlings.
Autumn sowing guarantees friendly shoots in the spring, and if the soil on your site is rich in organic matter, then after a couple of years friendly, strong and well-developed seedlings will be ready for planting in a new place to delight you with early flowering and, like a Christmas tree, decorate under summer curtain with scarlet or dark pears of spicy fruits!
See also: How to prepare the seeds of your flowers?
SEED TREES - VIDEO
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