Contents ✓

✓ WHAT IS HE - KIZIL MOSCOW REGION?
✓ KIZIL IN MY LAND
✓ PLACE FOR LANDING.
✓ LANDING TIME.
✓ LANDING CORNER.
✓ WATERING.
✓ FERTILIZER.
✓ FORMATION.
✓ THE BEST VARIETIES OF CORNEL I TESTED
✓ HOW TO OXIDATE THE SOIL IF THE CORNEL IS ALREADY GROWING AND SUFFERING FROM HIGH ACIDITY?
✓ KIZIL IN MOSCOW REGION - VIDEO

CORNEL "GROVES" OF MOSCOW REGION - MY EXPERIENCE IN GROWING CORNEL IN OPEN GROUND

Today I want to tell you about my favorite fruit bush - dogwood. I would even call it fruit and ornamental, because it is surprisingly good at any time of the year.

My grandfather and father, who were very fond of gardening and tried to get incredibly rare and interesting plants, were rather indifferent to dogwood, considering it a southern culture and not believing that it would grow and bear fruit in the conditions of the Moscow region.

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And this was completely justified, because the southern varieties of dogwood bloom in late February - early March, when there is still snow in most of Russia.

In my youth, I thought the same way. However, then my opinion changed dramatically.

Having already graduated from the institute and received an agricultural education, I began to engage in experimental studies.

First of all, I was interested in fruit and berry crops. One summer I came to visit my classmate, and she treated me to delicious candied berries, exuding a wonderful aroma. They literally melted in the mouth and left a magical aftertaste. Having a good understanding of fruit and berry crops, I could not immediately determine what it is. I asked a friend.

She replied with surprise: “Dogwood, of course. I have been growing it for over 10 years. This is an amazing plant: very decorative, energetically strong, unpretentious, and besides, it gives unusually tasty and very useful fruits! Come on, I'll show you it in all its glory. "

And dragged me into her garden. It was located in a small, almost empty village with boarded-up houses in the Shakhovsky district of the Moscow region. I must say that the garden amazed me not only with its beauty, but also with its size. Where her grandfather once grew potatoes, a variety of fruit trees and shrubs are now located. It was at the end of August, so a variety of fruits flaunted on the strong branches, which I really wanted to pick and taste.

Natasha assigned a separate plot to Kizil. Here one could see low bushes no more than 1 m in height, with emerald foliage, literally strewn with bright scarlet fruits, and tall, erect bushes with large dark purple, almost black berries. Dogwood leaves of different varieties also surprised with a rich color palette - from emerald green to silvery greenish and purple.

Natasha told me that for many years she had been testing hardy varieties and wild dogwood cultivars, which were not so few. Domestic and foreign breeders managed to create varieties with an extended period of winter dormancy. Their flowering occurs in late April - early May, and the frost resistance threshold has crossed over minus 38 °.

By the way, the opportunity to grow dogwood in the Moscow region is also confirmed by the huge dogwood grove that has adorned the State Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow for over 70 years.

To be honest, I was very interested in dogwood and decided to plant it in my garden. I was leaving my friend's house with 4 strong seedlings, from which my dogwood planting began. It was over 10 years ago ...

WHAT IS HE - KIZIL MOSCOW REGION?

Dogwood got its name from the Tatar word "kyzyl", which means "red". Indeed, most varieties of wild dogwood have exactly that kind of fruit.

Frost-resistant dogwood is a rather unpretentious deciduous shrub or tree (depending on the variety), which in the Moscow region can grow up to 4 m in height.

Under natural conditions, dogwood grows in our country in the Caucasus and the southern coast of Crimea, mainly in the mountains. Many varieties of wild dogwood can be found in the countries of Southern and Central Europe, as well as in Southeast Asia, the United States and southern regions of Canada. There it grows up to 8-10m.

In general, dogwood is a long-liver, living up to 250 years and growing very slowly. Both trees and shrubs are strongly spreading, with horizontally growing branches. Its bark can have a light green or pinkish gray color, the leaves are bright green above, and silver-gray below.

Dogwood flowers are mostly yellow or creamy white, and may be pinkish-orange. They are collected in large umbellate inflorescences. Although there are both male and female flowers in the inflorescences, they are not highly pollinated on the same plant, therefore it is recommended to plant two or three different varieties nearby for cross-pollination. The plant is pollinated with the help of wind and bees. Flowering lasts no more than 3 weeks.

Dogwood fruits are not very large, weighing up to 12 g, which, depending on the variety, can have an oval, pear-shaped or round shape. Their color range is very rich in various shades - from golden to orange, carmine red, cherry and dark purple.

The stone is elongated and takes up 1/3 of the fruit. The rest is pulp, which has a pleasant sweet-sour taste with a very delicate, delicate aroma.

The fruits have the most valuable healing properties. They contain almost all known vitamins, as well as more than 40 trace elements, including germanium, selenium and even silver. Dogwood berries and flowers have a powerful antioxidant effect, rejuvenate the cardiovascular system and restore hormonal metabolism in the body. A decoction of dogwood fruits is recommended to drink to restore normal functioning of the liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.

The frost-hardy dogwood is also very drought-resistant. The fact is that the plant has a powerful root system that goes deep into the lower layers of the soil and thus provides itself with both moisture and nutrients.

Saplings begin to bear fruit in the 4-5th year (depending on the variety). In the conditions of the Moscow region, dogwood berries ripen in August - mid-September (again, depending on the variety).

Cornel is good because it practically does not get sick and is not affected by pests (of course, if it is properly looked after and all weeds are weeded out in time). In any case, dogwood bushes never hurt in my garden, and I did not see a single pest on them!

KIZIL IN MY LAND

PLACE FOR LANDING.

Cornel is a sun-loving plant. For normal growth and development, he needs to be provided with a well-lit place throughout the day. Although some varieties thrive in light shade during the hottest daytime hours.

Dogwood soils need loose, well-permeable, preferably rich in organic matter, with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction (pH 7-7,5). The culture will not grow even on moderately acidic soil, therefore, the area that you plan to allocate for dogwood must be deoxidized in advance with dolomite flour or crushed chalk (2 kg per 5 sq. M).

LANDING TIME.

From my experience I want to say that the best time to plant dogwood is in late August - early September. In a warm spring, it can bloom in mid-April. Therefore, when planting in spring, it will be difficult to take root. And until September 20, you can safely plant it: before the coming cold weather, the dogwood will root perfectly and prepare for winter.

LANDING CORNER.

Dogwood roots grow quickly, so do not be lazy and make large planting holes (up to 80 cm deep and in diameter), filling them with loose fertile soil made up of the upper fertile layer, rotted manure, leafy earth and sand in equal quantities. Then the root system will grow very quickly in them. I advise you to lay a drainage from limestone crushed stone at the bottom of each pit. Now this is brought to many regions from the south of Russia, so it is not difficult to get it.

I keep the distance between seedlings and other plants at least 3 m.In each planting hole I add double superphosphate (3 tablespoons), potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons), 1 glass of dolomite flour and add 0,5 buckets of wood ash ... In the middle of each hole, next to the seedlings, I drive a planting stake 1,8 m long and tie the plants to it with a soft rope so that they do not break from the wind or snow load.

After planting, I water the plants well (3 watering cans under each) and mulch the ground around them with straw or freshly cut grass. Make sure that after planting, the root collar is strictly at ground level. It is absolutely impossible to deepen it.

And I also advise you to buy seedlings only from ZKS and always from reputable, proven companies. Now the dogwood has become in great demand among gardeners, therefore, in street markets and even in small firms, they may not sell a cultivated plant to you, but a wild game brought from somewhere from the south. You will spend a lot of effort on planting and autumn care. And he will bloom in February and die in the first year.

Planting dogwood. Important details about planting and growing.

WATERING.

Despite its potential drought tolerance, the dogwood loves regular, abundant watering. In the first year after planting, I water the young plants quite often. In dry, hot weather - once a week with a rate of 1 liters under one bush. For adult plants, one very abundant watering per month is enough (30 liters per one bush or tree).

I water young bushes from a watering can with warm water, adult plants - cold, directly from a hose. When watering from a well, I measure the time it takes for the bucket to fill, and then, looking at the clock, I water it with a hose, multiplying the measured time by 6. So it turns out 60 liters.

FERTILIZER.

I don't overfeed my dogwood. In the spring (at the end of March) I do the first top dressing with a urea solution (2 tablespoons per bucket of water for each plant). In the summer I give one top dressing with liquid manure at a concentration of 1:10 (at the beginning of June) and one - with superphosphate mixed with rotted manure for digging up tree-trunk circles to a depth of 8 cm (at the end of July). In the fall, I fertilize my bushes with some ready-made mineral complex for autumn fertilization of fruit bushes in the dosages indicated on the package.

FORMATION.

Dogwood definitely needs crown pruning. I form it in the form of a ball, oval or pyramid. First, during the first years of life, I designate the skeleton of the future bush. I leave 6-8 of the strongest shoots, and then I give the desired shape to the crown.

These works are carried out at the end of March, before the sap flow begins. Dogwood lends itself very well to cutting and gives the site an elegant look. By the way, many famous landscape architects use dogwood to create various topiary figures.

I would very much like many gardeners, after reading the article, to want to plant this wonderful fruit shrub on their site. I promise you won't regret it!

THE BEST VARIETIES OF CORNEL I TESTED

I will tell only about the most unpretentious and "delicious" varieties of dogwood with late flowering (end of April) and increased frost resistance. These are the ones that can be grown in the northern regions of Russia.

Dogwood variety Elena... An early ripening variety (ripening at the end of August) with increased frost resistance (up to minus 37 °).

A bush 3,5 m high, with red oval fruits weighing up to 10 g. The pulp is sweet, very aromatic, tender and juicy. Productivity up to 30 kg from one bush. The berries must be picked immediately after ripening, as the variety is prone to shedding. Absolutely not affected by pests and does not get sick.

Dogwood variety Grenadier... A very early variety. Ripens in early August. Fruits weighing up to 12 g, oval, red, with a glossy shiny skin, sweet with a slight sourness. Productivity up to 45 kg per bush. The fruits have an increased shelf life and are good for transportation. The variety is frost-resistant (up to minus 38 °), not affected by pests and diseases.

Dogwood variety Nikolka... This tree is up to 3,5 m high. The variety is the earliest. The first fruits ripen at the end of July. The berries are medium-sized (weighing up to 9 g), elongated, slightly asymmetrical, dark red. The taste is sweet, juicy, with delicate aromatic pulp. Productivity up to 35 kg per tree. The variety is frost-resistant (up to minus 32 °), resistant to diseases and pests.

Dogwood variety Coral Mark... A medium-sized tree up to 4 m high with very unusual orange-pink berries. The fruits look more like cherry plum than dogwood, with delicate skin. Very juicy and sweet, ripens in the second decade of August. The variety is fruitful - up to 45 kg per tree, but the berries are prone to rapid shedding. Keeping quality is low. But frost resistance is high (up to minus 34 °). Absolutely not affected by pests and diseases.

Cornelian variety Vyshgorodsky. Early variety, berries ripen in early August. They are medium-sized (weighing up to 45 g) and have the shape of an ellipse. The fruits are covered with a shiny dark red thin skin. The pulp is firm, sweet and very juicy. Productivity up to XNUMX kg per tree. The fruits can be stored for quite a long time without losing their beneficial properties after processing. The variety is not affected by pests and diseases.

HOW TO OXIDATE THE SOIL IF THE CORNEL IS ALREADY GROWING AND SUFFERING FROM HIGH ACIDITY?

To begin with, lime should never be used to neutralize acidic soils! Only dolomite flour or crushed chalk (at the rate of 2 kg per 6 sq. M). Lime contains heavy chemical compounds that get into the tissues and fruits of plants and accumulate there. Together with the berries, these compounds enter our body and are not removed from there, but are deposited in our organs, causing irreparable harm to them!

Neutralization of an area with acidic soils, on which fruit crops are already growing, is carried out in the fall - under the autumn digging and loosening.

Dolomite flour (or chalk) scatter evenly over the area where the dogwood grows and dig up the soil 20 cm, covering the deoxidizer. Start digging at a distance of 70-80 cm from the trunk of the plant, apply ash under the bush itself and loosen it shallowly with a hoe.

After that, water the land well (at the rate of 30 liters per 1 sq. M) and mulch the soil around the bushes with hay or straw. Moisture will remain under it, and the deoxidation process will go faster. Perform this operation on acidic soils every 5 years. To enhance neutralization, annually in the spring (in May) add 0,5 buckets of wood ash under each dogwood bush.

PODMOSKOVNY KIZIL

Most gardeners consider dogwood to be a purely southern plant. But, for example, in the Botanical Gardens of Moscow State University, it has been growing for more than 40 years and froze only once - in 1979, and quickly recovered.

Moscow dogwood is a shrub about 4 m high with a spreading crown. It blooms before the leaves open at 8-12 ° and blooms for 6-8 weeks, and the fruits ripen in 120-140 days. Fruit buds are laid on 3-4-year-old wood. Dogwood can withstand frosts up to 37 °. Flower buds can be damaged by frost in winter after long thaws and spring frosts, but the harvest is saved by the fact that only 6-7 flowers bloom at the same time in the umbrella-shaped inflorescence. Grafted and self-rooted plants begin to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year, and seedlings - in the 6-8th year.

In May 1998, I purchased two 2-year-old dogwood seedlings and immediately planted them in a permanent place, digging only small holes for the roots, which I covered with earth, then watered. Raised the root neck. Didn't fertilize with anything.

Dogwood developed well, which made it possible to cut off several branches at the end of June and make two-bud cuttings. I kept them in a root-forming solution and planted them in a greenhouse with a fogging installation without heating the soil. Bushes and cuttings for the winter are not covered. In the spring, leaves blossomed on the bushes. The cuttings were not rooted.

In subsequent years, the dogwood grew normally. As a root-forming agent, I tried a solution of two heteroauxin tablets and 1 ampoule of zircon per liter of water. Withstood cuttings in it for 1 hours. Rooted 12- and 8-bud cuttings in a greenhouse with a fogging device and heated soil. Most of the cuttings are rooted.