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AUTUMN FALSE APPLE HENOMELES - ALL ABOUT GROWING AND CARE

Outside the window is late autumn, and it's time to remember the still not very popular, but absolutely wonderful fruit and ornamental culture - Japanese quince (henomeles). If you still have a bush of this plant, then now, when there is darkness and cold outside the window, the golden "apples" collected in September fill your home with aroma and memories of summer.

Japanese chaenomeles belongs to the Rosaceae family, genome chaenomeles. Comes from Japan and China. It is a bush 0-5 m high with numerous branches on which rare thorns up to 1 cm long grow, there are also thornless forms. Leaves obovate or oblong, green, leathery, 2-1 cm long.

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Plants bloom in May. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter are collected in shortened brushes of 2-4, the color of the petals is orange-red, pink, less often white. Abundant flowering (one plant can have several hundred flowers) and long lasting - more than 2 weeks.

Chaenomeles is a good honey plant. It is a cross-pollinated plant and often has unisexual flowers. Therefore, on the site it is necessary to grow at least 2 plants of different origins.

The fruit is an oval or pear-shaped false apple. At first, the fruits are green, but gradually turn golden or orange, sometimes a blush appears. And it tastes like lemon - sour, astringent, but very aromatic. Ripen in September-October, usually after the leaves have fallen off.

Most often, in gardens, you can find forms of chaenomeles with fairly small fruits (weighing 20-30 g). Each fruit contains from 50 to 80 seeds. Harvest per bush - 2-3 kg, maximum - up to 5 kg. But there are also large-fruited varieties (fruits weighing up to 300 g). Ripe fruits are stored for a long time without any damage, in a cool underground - until the end of January.

Chaenomeles can be called a fast-growing crop. It quickly enters the fruiting period: seedlings - in the 3-4th year, and grafted seedlings - in the 2nd year after planting. And also chaenomeles is a long-liver. In good conditions, it grows and bears fruit up to 60-80 years!

This culture is light-loving, it is highly drought tolerant due to its deep root system. Large yields can be achieved only on fertile, slightly acidic soils with normal moisture and good care. On alkaline soils, the leaves are affected by chlorosis.

In winter, the plants can withstand temperatures as low as minus 30 °. Due to its short stature and the shape of the bush spread on the ground, chaenomeles winters well under the snow. The tops of the shoots, not covered with snow, freeze slightly in some winters. In very harsh winters, the entire aboveground part can freeze out, but with good care, the bushes quickly recover.

Chaenomeles as a fruit crop began to be grown relatively recently. But in recent years, as many as 16 varieties have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements! This is a real breakthrough! Half of them are bred in the Michurinsky State Agrarian University (Michurinsk), the other half were bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Republic of Crimea).

Ornamental varieties of chaenomeles of Western European selection are also used in culture, some of them can bear fruit.

In addition to Japanese chaenomeles, another undersized species can be grown in the middle lane - excellent chaenomeles. The height of its bushes is usually 1-1 m, the branches are straightened and spreading. Leaves are bare, at a young age with pubescent veins on the lower surface. The color of the petals covers the entire range of colors inherent in the genomeles genus. Fruits of various sizes and shapes, different ripening periods.

Amateur gardeners cultivate chaenomeles plants on plots mainly of seed origin and, using a creative approach, can select forms that are valuable in terms of a complex of traits.

The easiest way to propagate chaenomeles is by sowing seeds in autumn or spring. When preparing the soil on poor podzolic soils, add 8-10 kg of humus or compost per 1 sq. m and dig it up. Before sowing, level the soil on the bed, make grooves every 20 cm with a depth of 2-3 cm. Sow seeds at the rate of 80-100 pieces per 1 running meter. m.

Ornamental varieties of chaenomeles - the whole ocean, and these varieties are stunningly beautiful! You may not even recognize this plant in a crimson double cloud of flowers. The article is about fruiting chaenomeles, but about ornamental we cannot but say just a few words. Some of the most beautiful varieties are: Apple Blossom with large white flowers that turn pink as they dissolve. Nivalis with white flowers. Pink Lady (pink flowers, early flowering variety). Crimson and Gold (flowers are dark red with golden anthers). Fire Dance (flowers are large, red with a pink tint), EffyMossef (huge blood-red flowers). Nicotine (semi-double large flowers of orange-red color).

After sowing, fill the grooves, water and mulch with humus or peat.

When sowing in autumn (in October), the seeds go through the preparatory period in natural conditions and germinate in the spring. For spring sowing, seeds need to be stratified for 50-60 days at a temperature of 1-5 °. After germination, place the seeds in a snowfield or glacier and store there until sowing at zero temperature.

In the spring, after the emergence of seedlings and the formation of 3-4 true leaves, thin the seedlings (with excessive thickening), leaving them at a distance of 6-8 cm from each other. The removed seedlings can be transplanted.

Varieties and selected forms of chaenomeles are propagated vegetatively to preserve all the characteristics of the mother plant. Green grafting is considered effective. Cuttings rooted quite successfully, provided that greenhouses and greenhouses are used. In June, cut the cuttings with 2-3 internodes and plant them in a greenhouse with a fogging plant. Here they root and hibernate. Then they are transplanted and grown for another season. Then you can land on a permanent place or send for implementation.

Chaenomeles can also be propagated by woody cuttings 15-25 cm long. At the same time, cuttings from offshoots are rooted better.

Chaenomeles is also propagated by root cuttings. At the same time, the roots of adult bushes are dug up and cuttings 10-15 cm long are cut from the thickest ones.

When propagating by horizontal layers, 1-2-year-old branches are bent down, laid in grooves 7-8 cm deep and fixed with wooden or metal pins. When young shoots with a height of about 10 cm appear on the layers, they must be earthed up to half. The second hilling is carried out 2 weeks after the first. The soil in the hilling area must be constantly moist and loose. At the end of the growing season, the layers are separated with a pruner from the mother bush and cut into seedlings, which are planted in a permanent place.

Chaenomeles can also be propagated by root shoots. In the fall, the shoots are carefully separated from the mother plant and used as seedlings.

Reproduction by dividing the bush is usually used when transplanting plants. In this case, the bush is divided into separate parts with young branches, each of which must have good roots.

Finally, chaenomeles reproduces by grafting. Seedlings of chaenomeles, hawthorn, irgi, rowan, pear are used as a stock. Budding is carried out at the end of July - August. The technique is the same as for other breeds. Inoculation with a cuttings for the bark is done in the spring during the period of sap flow, inoculation into the split and copulation can be carried out before it begins.

Chaenomeles loves sunny places where snow accumulates in winter, which shelters the plant from frost. Planting seedlings is best done in early spring, before bud break. When planting in autumn, spud and mulch for better wintering.

Plant, leaving a row spacing of 2-2 m and a row spacing of 5-0 m (if you are creating a hedgerow from chaenomeles, then plant thicker). Dig planting holes with a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of 1 cm. Before planting, add a bucket of humus, 50 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium sulfate to the hole, mixing these fertilizers with the top layer of soil. On clay soils, add 200-30 buckets of sand to the planting hole and mix thoroughly.

For planting, it is better to take 1-2-year-old seedlings and plant them at the same depth at which they grew before digging. The grafted seedlings are planted with a deepening of the grafting site, which contributes to the transfer of chaenomeles to its own roots.

After planting, cut the plant in half for better branching. If necessary, weed the plantings, loosen the soil around, and water. The first 3 years after planting, fertilizers can be omitted if they were applied in sufficient quantities during planting.

Form and prune the chaenomeles bushes annually. This achieves a more even distribution of branches, their better illumination. Each bush should have 3-5 annual branches, 3-4 two-year-olds, 3-4 three-year-olds and 2-3 four-five-year olds. In total, the bush provides for 10-15 uneven-aged skeletal branches. Five-year-old branches that have lost their productivity are cut out and replaced with annual ones. Vertical branches are also removed, since they may not be covered with snow and freeze out. Those that lie on the ground are not needed either. When forming a bush, preference should be given to horizontal branches located at a height of 15-40 cm from the ground.

Chaenomeles rarely gets sick or is affected by pests. However, you need to be on guard. Of the pests, sometimes the scale insect and spider mite are found, and of the diseases - moniliosis (fruit rot).

When ripe, the integumentary color of the fruit turns yellow, aroma appears. The fruits are harvested before the onset of frost in September. Harvested unripe fruits ripen well in maturation.

Ripe, undamaged chaenomeles can be stored in a cool place until mid-winter and used in place of lemon. The fruits are good for various types of processing. They are used to prepare compote, jam, jelly, syrup, marmalade, marshmallow, marshmallow, candied fruit and much more.

Henomelis. Care for Chaenomelis. Features of landing chaenomelis

HENOMELES: Michurin varieties

Albatross. Included in the register approved in 2017 Approved for use in all regions. Medium ripening. Shrub 70 cm high. White flowers with a diameter of 3,5-4 cm. Fruits are medium and large, round, yellow-green. Disease resistant. Alyur Early. The plant is 60-70 cm high. The flowers are simple, white, 4, 2 cm in diameter. The flowering period is 50 days, from early July to late August.

Sunrise. Straight shrub 90 cm high. Orange flowers with a diameter of 4 cm. Fruits are large, lemon-yellow in color, non-sagging.

Firebird. Included in the State Register in 2019 Early flowering. The plant is 100 cm high. The flower is simple, rounded, dark red, 3-3 cm in diameter. Fruits are flattened-rounded, medium-sized, yellow, without spots. The variety is winter-hardy, has an average drought and heat resistance.

Ivanushka. Included in the register 2018 Early Autumn. Technical. Shrub 120 cm high. The flower is simple, orange-red, of medium size. Fruits with an average weight of 32-33 g, flattened-rounded, yellow-lemon, without spots, ribbed. The variety is winter-hardy and has a high drought and heat resistance. Disease resistant.

Michurinskoe miracle. New. Included in the register 2019. Average flowering time. The plant is 70 cm high. The flower is semi-double (up to 7 petals), cream, with a diameter of 3, 5-4 cm. Fruits are elongated but pear-shaped, medium-sized, yellow-green, ribbed, without spots. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests, moderately hardy, has strong drought resistance and medium heat resistance.

Michurin vitamin. Recommended as an ornamental and fruit variety for the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Medium ripening. Shrub 60-70 cm high. The flower is simple, orange-fawn, does not fade, with a diameter of 4-5 cm. Fruits are medium and large, elongated pear-shaped, orange-yellow, spotted, ribbed. The variety has an average winter hardiness, drought and heat resistance. Disease resistant.

The flagship is from the "oldies". Included in the register in 2014, like the Sharm variety. Low spreading shrub 40 cm high. The color of buds and flowers is red, does not fade. Abundant flowering, begins at the end of April, massive - from May 9, long. Fruits are large, decorative, lemon-yellow, non-crumbling. The variety is resistant to diseases and

pests, winter hardy, drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Charm. Low, spreading shrub 70 cm high. The color of the bud is orange, the flower is pale yellow, does not fade. The aroma is weak, specific. Flowering is profuse, long-lasting, from the end of April, massive on May 8-20. Fruits are large, decorative, lemon-yellow, non-crumbling. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests, winter hardy, drought and heat resistance is average.

Henomeles or Japanese quince Part 2. "Garden World" site

CRIMEAN VARIETIES OF HENOMELES

Candeya. Included in the register in 2019.Late flowering period. Shrub is upright, 120 cm high. The flower is simple, cupped, creamy white with pink spots, 3-4 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, round, ribbed, yellow, without spots. Resistant to moniliosis.

Dimitrino. Included in the register 2018. Average flowering time. Shrub 120 cm high. The flower is simple, dark red, cupped, 3, 5-4, 5 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, flattened-rounded, yellow, without spots, ribbed. Disease resistant. Beauty Madeleine. Average flowering time. Shrub 150 cm high. The flower is semi-double, pink, saucer-shaped, 3, 5-4, 5 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, round, yellow, without spots, not ribbed. The variety is winter-hardy, has medium drought resistance and low heat resistance. Disease resistant.

Mimko. Included in the State Register in 2019 of the Russian Federation. Late flowering. Shrub 100 cm high. The flower is simple, saucer-shaped, red, 3-4 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, cylindrical, ribbed, yellow, without spots. The variety is winter-hardy and has an average drought and heat resistance. Resistant to moniliosis.

Comte de Ramok. Included in the State Register in 2018 Shrub 150 cm high. Semi-brown flowers, red, 3, 5-4 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium, ovoid, yellow. Disease resistant. Lerunnka. Early bloom asshole. Shrub 170 cm high. The flower is simple, white-pink, 3-4 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, rounded, yellow-green, without spots and ribbing. The variety is moderately winter-hardy and has an average drought and heat resistance. Resistance to moniliosis is average.

State lady. Average flowering time. Shrub 160 cm high. The flower is simple, cupped, red, 4-4 cm in diameter. Fruits are medium-sized, cylindrical, ribbed, yellow, without spots. The variety is winter-hardy and has an average drought and heat resistance. Resistant to moniliosis.

Ornamental varieties of chaenomeles - the whole ocean, and these varieties are stunningly beautiful! You may not even recognize this plant in a crimson double cloud of flowers.

The article is about fruiting chaenomeles, but about ornamental we cannot but say just a few words. Here are some of the most beautiful varieties: AppJe Blossom with large white flowers that turn pink as they dissolve. Nivalis with white flowers. Pink Lady (pink flowers, early flowering variety), Crimson and Gold (dark red flowers with golden anthers). Fire Dance (flowers are large, red with a pink tint), Elly Mosse (huge blood-red flowers). Nicotine (semi-double large flowers of orange-red color).

Reference by topic: Japanese henomales (photo) planting and caring for the plant

HENOMELES JAPANESE - VIDEO

Henomelis. Care for Chaenomelis. Features of landing chaenomelis

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Dacha with their own hands > Encyclopedia of gardening - fruit trees > Henomeles Japanese (photo) planting, cultivation and care, details about the varieties

Comment

Alesya Rybkina
15/06/2023 (13:27) #

Quince conquered by flowering

When for the first time in spring I saw a bush of flowering henomeles (Japanese quince) in a city flowerbed, I was delighted! All branches were abundantly covered with bright coral flowers. Then I decided: this shrub must certainly settle in my garden.
Bought a small seedling the following spring. In the garden, I chose a sunny, wind-protected place for it without stagnant water. She dug a small hole, planted a bush and covered it with earth, previously mixed with sand and compost (2: 1: 1). The root neck was not deepened during planting, leaving it at the level of the soil. Soon, by young growths, I realized that the chaenomeles had taken root.
Minimum care
I water quince in heat and drought.
I feed 2 times a year: in spring - nitrogen fertilizer, and in autumn - phosphorus-potassium.
After flowering, I remove weak, damaged, crooked or improperly growing shoots.