Selected varieties of peaches for the Moscow region and the Middle strip - name, photo and description
NEW SELECTED PEACH FORMS IN MOSCOW
In 2017, an article about peaches was published. There was given the history of growing this crop in Moscow since 1984, successes, failures and the first selective forms of peaches. Over the past years, work has progressed significantly, a number of selected forms has been replenished. I have no right to call selected forms varieties, which, in essence, they are. But in order to obtain the official status of a variety, plants must go through a complex and very expensive registration procedure in the State Register.
There is no time or money for this. However, in 2021
2 selected uniforms - Dude and Goalkeeper - were submitted for state variety testing.
Work with peaches is carried out in the monasteries of Moscow, Moscow region, Vladimir region. Small peach orchards are planted there. Seedlings are brought to fruition and evaluated. The nursery is located in Mahra, Vladimir Region (Aleksandrovsky District, 120 km northeast of Moscow).
In recent years, the most severe winter was in 2016-2017. In Moscow, from January 6 to 9, night frosts of 26°, 30°, 27° and 29° were observed. On the same days in Mahra the temperature dropped to minus 28°, 34°, 35° and 37°. The duration of frost is of great importance, four days is a significant period. In January and February 2017, there were still short-term drops: on January 26 in Mahr minus 28° (in Moscow minus 22°), on February 5 in Mahr minus 7° (in Moscow minus 27°). The situation was greatly aggravated by the fact that the plants went into the winter unprepared, with unripe shoots. The autumn of 25 was rainy, which delayed the growth of plants. Winter came unusually early - at the end of October, most of the trees had not yet finished falling leaves. There was no shelter for the winter.
Of course, such a winter could not but have a negative effect on the overwintering of peaches. In Moscow, 8% of peach and nectarine seedlings aged 5 to 4 years died. Many of the surviving trees have suffered or developed leaf curl. There was no harvest. In Mahra, 9 peach trees from 9 to 3 years old all died.
Reference by topic: Peach cultivation in Moscow Region - planting and care, specialist advice
On the beds of the nursery in Makhra, all the same-year-old peach seedlings froze to death. But the two-year-old peaches and nectarines, although they froze almost to the root neck, recovered well in the summer, almost all of them grew well. The percentage of their survival and recovery was even higher than that of Moscow apricot seedlings. Peaches are fast-growing, and in 2021 new peach seedlings in Mahra produced the first small crop.
The most ideal for peaches was the winter of 2018-2019. without thaws and severe frosts. Extremely favorable conditions were created for overwintering of plants and crop formation. Peach trees in Moscow broke under the weight of the harvest, despite the props.
Selection work with peaches and nectarines (hollow-fruited peaches) is carried out by sowing seeds from the Moscow form Pizhon, the Kiev variety Dneprovsky, Crimean peaches and from peaches and nectarines bought on the market. I advise gardeners to take seeds of earlier varieties, although their germination is much worse than later ones. It is especially important to buy earlier nectarines, because. they generally ripen later than peaches and will not have time to ripen with us. Small greenish Uzbek nectarines, which are sold in our markets in June and early July, are very well suited for sowing. The germination of their seeds is not bad, and in seedlings, the fruits are larger and brightly colored, but with late ripening in our zone - at the end of August.
Peaches and especially nectarines are affected by a very unpleasant fungal disease - leaf curl. The fungus deforms the leaves at a very early stage, when shoot growth begins during flowering. Ugly leaves grow, become brittle, turn brown and fall off. Then new shoots grow with normal leaves, but the plants are already weakened and, without proper treatment, may die within a few years.
The main spraying is Bordeaux liquid according to the usual scheme: in spring before the start of the growing season, and in autumn, after leaf fall. Whitewashing of the trunk and main skeletal branches with the obligatory addition of clay helps well. During the season, modern fungicides can be applied. Affected leaves should be collected and destroyed. The primary task of peach breeding is to obtain varieties that are resistant to this disease.
See also: Growing peaches in the suburbs
SELECTED FORMS OF MOSCOW PEACHES
Pizhon-2 (preliminary name Soldatik) - the third Moscow generation - has been isolated from Pizhon seedlings in the last 3 years. Differs in productivity, tasty white-meaty fruits weighing an average of 60 g, and most importantly - resistance to leaf curl. In the Krutitsy farmstead, where all 30 peach trees suffer from leaf curl, he does not get sick alone. The average ripening period is in mid-August. The stone is large - 6-7%, it is poorly separated.
From the seedlings of the Dneprovsky variety, 3 forms resistant to leaf curl were isolated.
Perervinsky - very fruitful, ripens at the end of August. The fruits are beautiful, with an extensive burgundy blush, weighing 90-110 g, with creamy pulp, very tasty and juicy, the stone is 4-5%, it does not separate well.
Kalyazinsky - fruitful, ripens in the second half of August. The fruits are light with a red blurred blush, weighing 70-90 g, white-fleshed, tasty, sweet, juicy, the stone is 5-6%, it separates rather poorly.
The ugly duckling is fruitful, ripens late, at the very end of August - the beginning of September. The fruits are light with a red blush, weighing 70-90 g, white-fleshed, very tasty, juicy, with an almond flavor, the stone is 5-5%, it is separated almost completely.
The largest and most delicious fruits are obtained from seedlings of Crimean peaches. 3 forms are especially interesting.
Novosvetsky - moderately fruitful, average fruit ripening - in mid-August. Fruits weighing 120-180 g, with an extensive bright blush, white-fleshed, very juicy, tasty, stone 5-7%, separated rather poorly.
Tiger - not very productive, fruit ripening in the second half of August. Fruits weighing 130-190 g, striped, with a pronounced spout, white-fleshed, very tasty, stone 3-5%, almost separated.
Fat man - the yield is different, only in the most favorable years it is large. Fruit ripening later - at the end of August. Fruits weighing 200-300 g, yellow with a slight blush. The pulp is yellow, tasty, continuous, oily, the stone is small - 3, 2-3, 5%, is separated.
Another select form Goalkeeper comes from a large white imported peach. Productivity is average, fruit ripening later, at the very end of August - beginning of September. Fruits weighing 120-140 g, light, with a watercolor blush, white flesh, amazing taste, absolutely harmonious, the fruits are the most delicious of all Moscow selected forms. Stone 5%, almost separated. Unfortunately, all three Crimean seedlings and Goaltar are affected by leaf curl.
In addition to the above Moscow peach forms, gardeners can be advised to grow the Dneprovsky variety, created by M. M. Shaitan in Kyiv in the middle of the last century, which is distinguished by its stability in our conditions, stable yields and excellent qualities of fruits weighing 90-110 g. Leaf curl is affected.
Peaches are not as violent as apricots, they react to thaws and variable temperatures, are more resistant to damping off and therefore endure shelter for the winter, which makes it possible for them to successfully winter in the conditions of central Russia.
© Author: L. KRAMARENKO, Candidate of Biological Sciences Main Botanical Garden. N. V. Tsitsina RAS
Below other entries on the topic "Dacha and garden - with their own hands"
- Peach cultivation in Moscow Region - planting and care, specialist advice
- Growing peaches in a greenhouse: photo report
- How to grow a fruit peach in your country
- Peach variety Kievsky (photo) - description of care
- Peach varieties Donetsk white and Jelgavsky - cultivation, planting and care
- Frost-resistant varieties of peaches and nectarines - photo and description
- Technology of growing a peach in the form of a bush in the middle belt of Russia and the Moscow region
- Decorative peaches - varieties, how to grow and care for
- Selected varieties of peaches for the Moscow region and the Middle strip - name, photo and description
- Peach in zones of risky farming - planting and care, advice and feedback
Subscribe to updates in our groups and share.
Let's be friends!