What do pumpkins get sick with - pumpkin, zucchini, squash, etc.: and how to deal with it?
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DISEASES OF PUMPKINS AND PUMPKIN PLANTS - PHOTO, NAME AND CONTROL MEASURES
“Last year, we grew pumpkins in our country house for the first time. They were satisfied with the harvest and planned to use the fruits for home cooking all winter. We have heard many times that pumpkin keeps well and for a long time. But already two months after harvesting, the fruits became covered with small spots and eventually began to rot. Even those parts of the pulp that were not affected by rot became bitter. This season we really want to avoid such troubles. Tell me how to get a healthy crop of pumpkin plants?
Lydia Stashenko
Throughout the growing season, pumpkin plants (pumpkin, zucchini, squash, etc.) are affected by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Anthracnose, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt and bacteriosis cause the greatest damage to plants.
ANTHRACNOSE IN PUMPKINS AND CURIDAS
Anthracnose is a dangerous fungal disease. The losses from it are significant: the loss of fruits in some years can reach 50%. The taste of fruits also decreases. The disease affects leaves, petioles, stems and fruits.
The first signs of the disease can be observed even in the seedling period on the cotyledon leaves, petioles and stems. Blurry light brown or yellow spots appear on the leaves, which can merge. Affected leaves become brown and brittle. On fruits, stems and petioles, the spots are brown or black, depressed, in the form of sores. In wet weather, they are covered with pink or red-yellow pads, which are placed in concentric circles.
With a strong defeat, the leaves and stems dry out, and the fruits rot. The development of anthracnose is facilitated by frequent rains and dews. The optimal temperature for the development of the disease is 25-27 ° C at a relative humidity of 85-90%. In this case, the incubation period lasts three days. Anthracnose causes great harm in areas of irrigated melon growing.
Pumpkin fruits affected by anthracnose
The source of infection is plant residues and seeds of affected plants. The infection is spread by watering with water, as well as by mechanical damage to plants. During the growing season, spores of the fungus are carried by wind, rain and insects.
THE MUSIC ROSA
Powdery mildew is one of the most harmful fungal diseases, most common in the southern regions of Ukraine. The disease manifests itself in the form of individual white powdery spots on the upper, and eventually on the underside of the leaves. With a strong defeat, the leaves are covered with a continuous powdery coating - the mycelium of the pathogen, become brittle, turn yellow and die.
With a strong development of the disease, the plants dry out completely. The causative agent of the disease overwinters on plant debris, spreads with the help of wind, raindrops, and sprinkling irrigation. Can survive on weeds. The disease causes especially great damage to pumpkin crops during wet and warm weather. Powdery growth can destroy 30-40% of the crop.
Fusarium wilt of pumpkin plants
Fusarium wilt of cucurbits is widespread. Seeds sown in contaminated soil have low germination. On seedlings, the disease manifests itself in two forms - withering of the stems and rot of the root collar.
In the first case, the cotyledon leaves acquire a pale green color, lose elasticity, wither and dry out within two to three days. Root collar rot is most often observed with excessive moisture and low soil temperature. The root neck of the plant becomes thinner and rots, the stem becomes watery and translucent. Seedlings break and fall.
Mature plants wither and die in the same way as seedlings. Individual shoots often wither. Sometimes the affected plants do not die, but remain dwarf, form short internodes, small leaves. Fruits develop poorly or do not form at all.
The source of infection is contaminated soil, plant debris and seeds of affected plants. The disease causes especially great harm during the permanent cultivation of pumpkin crops in one place. The causative agent of the disease can persist in the soil for several years.
Reference by topic: The use of metronidazole in the garden and the garden against diseases and pests
BACTERIOSIS OF PUMPKINS
Bacteriosis (angular spotting) distributed in all growing areas. The disease affects all above-ground organs of plants. Rounded dark green spots form on the cotyledons, which eventually turn brown and dry out. The affected tissue falls out. On leaves, bacteriosis appears as angular dark green or brown spots between the veins.
In humid weather and in the presence of dew, the spots take on an oily appearance, and yellow drops containing a large number of bacteria appear on them from the underside of the leaves. Over time, the affected areas darken, dry out, the affected tissue falls out, the leaves become full of holes.
Brown elongated spots form on leaf petioles and stems, leaves fall off, plant growth stops. Shallow, round, dark green ulcers appear on the affected fruits, in which drops of a cloudy liquid are clearly visible in wet weather. In young fruits, the affected tissue does not grow, and they acquire an ugly shape. At high humidity, bacteriosis causes softening and rotting of the fruit.
The source of infection is seeds and affected plant residues. During the growing season, bacteria are spread by wind, rain, irrigation water, and pests. The optimal temperature for the development of bacteria is 25-27 ° C, their incubation period lasts 4-5 days.
MEASURES TO PROTECT PUMPKINS FROM DISEASES
To prevent the disease of pumpkin and other crops of this family with anthracnose, it is necessary to take preventive measures in time
- observe crop rotation, grow pumpkin crops in one place no earlier than after 3 years;
- carry out high-quality pre-sowing tillage;
- remove weeds and post-harvest residues;
- use for sowing healthy, disease-free seeds, zoned, disease-resistant varieties and hybrids of crops;
- sow crops at the optimal time, which contributes to the rapid and friendly emergence of seedlings;
- do not thicken plantings and do not overmoisten the soil;
- to the extent possible, limit the contact of fruits with the soil, using mulch;
- timely carry out protective measures against the spreaders of viral diseases - sucking insects (aphids, mites). Biological preparations scarado-M, actoverm, actofit, etc. effectively act against pests. They should be used only freshly prepared, in the evening and with multiple, well-defined intervals.
- use only drugs approved for retail sale to the public.
Proper agricultural practices and timely protection will help prevent pumpkin crops from being affected by infectious diseases and get a quality crop.
Reference by topic: Agrotechnics pumpkins - tips and tricks of sciences
DISEASES OF PUMPKIN - VIDEO
© Author: Anna TKALENKO
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Rot on pumpkin fruits is not uncommon in late summer. To save the crop, I cut out all the affected areas with a clean knife. I rub fresh aloe juice into the edges of the wound or sprinkle it abundantly with crushed activated charcoal.
The treated areas dry up and tighten, the fruit continues to develop, and no longer rots. However, I try not to put it in storage, I use it for seaming and just for food.
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Pumpkins don't want to bloom
The beginning of summer was cold. Pumpkins didn't want to grow at all. Therefore, once every ten days I fed them with nitrogen. Nutrients were alternated. First, 1 liter of diluted mullein (1:10) was poured under the root.
Then she dissolved 15 g of urea in 10 liters of water and sprayed the plants on the leaves. Over time, the leaves began to grow. However, there are no flowers on either pumpkins or zucchini. Probably not lucky with the varieties ...
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Excess nitrogen can cause rapid growth of leaves and stems, but there may be little or no fruit on fattening plants. Therefore, a sense of proportion is important in everything. If you overfed the plants with nitrogen, try to shift the ratio of the content of nutrients in the soil towards phosphorus and potassium. To do this, prepare an infusion of superphosphate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) and pour 1 liter under each plant.
After a couple of days, dilute 1 tbsp. potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water and also water at the rate of 1 liter per plant. Phosphorus and potassium will stimulate the formation of flowers. And in order to reduce the amount of nitrogen in the soil, after fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium, pour the bed with an infusion of microorganisms (Baikal, BakSib, EM-Bio). Microbes will quickly remove excess nitrogen from the soil. To speed up this process, pierce the ground with a pitchfork every 0,5 m to enrich it with oxygen.
Anton LESHCHEV, Cand. of sciences