Cherry coccomycosis, apple phyllosticosis, pear septoria - symptoms and description
BROWN AND WHITE SPOT OF APPLE AND PEAR AND COCCOMYCOSIS OF CHERRY AND CHERRY
We continue to acquaint readers with dangerous fungal fruit diseases and methods for their prevention and treatment.
BROWN SPOT OF THE APPLE TREE (PHYLLOSTICTOSIS) affects the leaves of an apple tree, less often - a pear.
In early or mid-summer, rounded or angular spots appear on them, often with a dark brown rim. Unlike scab, a velvety coating never forms on such spots. They can merge and cover almost the entire leaf blade. Sometimes the spots are light yellow, up to 5 mm in diameter, without a rim.
There are black dots in the center of the spots. Severely affected leaves dry up and fall off. The fungus overwinters on fallen leaves. Prevention and treatment are the same as for scab. Where a complex of measures against scab is carried out, special protection against phyllosticosis is not required.
WHITE SPOT OF PEAR LEAVES (SEPTORIOSIS) ubiquitous in the central and southern regions of the European part of Russia. Numerous rounded grayish or more often whitish spots with a dark brown border appear on the leaves after flowering. Their size depends on the variety of pear - from 2 to $ 6 6 mm and more in diameter. The fungus spreads by spores. With a strong development, the disease is accompanied by premature leaf fall and weakening of the trees.
The fungus overwinters on fallen leaves.
Prevention and treatment of white spotting are the same as pear scab.
COCCOMYCOSIS OF CHERRY AND CHERRY - the most dangerous fungal disease. Attacks leaves and fruits. Found everywhere.
A characteristic sign of coccomycosis is small (0,5-2 mm in diameter) reddish-brown or brown spots on the leaves. At first they are located separately, then merge. On the underside of the leaves, according to the spots, a white or slightly pinkish coating is formed - the spore-carrying of the fungus.
With a strong defeat, trees can shed up to 80% of their leaves at the end of July. This leads to a strong weakening of the plants. They “feel badly!” and bear fruit poorly in the following years.
On fruits (usually late-ripening varieties), depressed brown spots with a whitish bloom are formed.
Such fruits are underdeveloped, light red in color, tasteless. They often dry out. Wet weather and weakened condition of trees favor the development of the disease.
The fungus overwinters on fallen leaves. In spring, it forms microsporic fruiting bodies with a mass of spores. The wind picks them up and carries them around the garden.
Gather fallen leaves in the fall.
Carry out all those pesticide treatments that are recommended against scab, but the first time - only after flowering.
Reference by topic: Spraying scheme for cherries from moniliosis
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Attention: septoriosis!
Raspberry white spot (or septoria) is a common fungal disease. Light brown spots up to 3 mm in diameter appear on the leaves, which then turn white and form a thin brown border around them. Black dots are visible on the spots - spores. Whitish spots with black dots appear on diseased stems. In these places, the bark is cracking. The leaves turn brown and dry up. Infected bushes do not bear fruit well and do not tolerate frost. What to do? In early spring, dig up the soil under the bushes. Before bud break, spray raspberries with Bordeaux liquid (300 g per 10 liters of water). Repeat the treatment before flowering (during the promotion of buds), as well as after harvesting raspberries (concentration - 100 g per 10 liters of water).
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Moniliasis
The causative agent is a fungus - Monilia. Spread by wind, rain, insects.
Symptoms
The disease manifests itself in the form of monilial burn and fruit rot immediately after flowering. On the trees, flowers turn brown and dry, without falling off for a long time, then leaves, young twigs, ovaries. In rainy and warm summer weather, brown spots appear on the fruits, gradually growing and, in the end, covering the entire fruit. Small ash-gray pads are noticeable on their surface - accumulations of fungal spores that penetrate through mechanical damage.
At low humidity and temperature, or, conversely, in hot, dry weather, the pulp of the fruit darkens and dries out, turning into a thin skin that envelops the bone. Such affected fruits remain hanging on the branches for a long time and are the main source of the disease.
RESISTANT TO MONILIOSIS
Varieties are considered relatively resistant to this disease.
Common cherry: Anadolskaya, Griot Rossoshansky, Cossack, Favorite, Melody, Radonezh, Ryazanochka.
Cherry felt: Altana, Pink Harvest.
Apricot: Amur, Dzhengutayevsky, Musa, Advertising, Northern Triumph, Ulyanikhinsky, Late Untsukulsky, Uralets, Black Velvet, Amber of the Volga region.
Sweet cherry: Jeannette, Caucasian, Olenka, Sadko, Chermashnaya.
Cherry plum: Globus, Evgenia, Zhemchuzhina, Sigma.
PROTECTION MEASURES
Completely cut out the affected shoots with the capture of 3-5 cm of living tissue, covering the sections.
Treat as from coccomycosis - carry out 2-3 sprayings.
After harvest, destroy damaged fruits.
Avoid mechanical damage to wood.
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KOKKOMIKoz
The causative agent of the disease is a fungus - Coccomyces hiemalis. The spores are spread by rain and wind, and persist on fallen leaves.
SYMPTOMS
On the leaves of cherry and sweet cherry, small reddish-brown spots appear on the upper side, a pinkish-white coating of sporulation forms on the lower side, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. Sometimes petioles, stalks and fruits are affected, on which fuzzy brownish necrosis appears.
PROTECTION MEASURES
The first treatment is done in the bud phase, then after flowering, at intervals of 15-20 days with preparations - Bordeaux mixture, Abiga-peak, Skor, Topsin-M, Indigo KS or cuproxate and others.
Improve the conditions for the development of trees, using foliar top dressing with microfertilizers - on the leaves - preparations containing a complex of basic nutrients. Can be used for spraying "Siliplant", "Zircon" - 0-5 ml per 1 l of water, "Epin-Extra" - 0-10 ml per 2 l of water, or add them to the tank mixture with a fungicide to reduce negative impact on plants.
Be sure to remove the affected leaves in the fall.
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Why Pears Cracked
Almost all the pears in my garden are cracked or rotted on the trees. Why did this happen and what can be done now?
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The main causes of pear fruit rot are scab fungal diseases and fruit rot (moniliosis). The source of infection is diseased fruits that have overwintered on trees. They fall or remain hanging, holding tightly to the branches. All mummified fruits must be cut off. Do it after the fall.
But the cracking of the fruit is most often caused by stressful physiological causes. Often this happens if it rains after a dry period. The spores of pathogens immediately fall into the cracks, causing rotting of the fruit. Their cracking can be avoided by organizing uniform watering of the pear. And if this is not possible, then you need to try to keep the spring moisture as long as possible by mulching the soil under the crown.
To suppress a fungal infection, spray fruit trees with a 5-7% solution of urea (500-700 g per 10 liters of water, 10 liters are consumed for every 2,5 sq.m). It is necessary to spray at the beginning of leaf fall, too late may not have an effect.
Raisa Petrunina