We answer the questions: Why did the apples rot?

This year, the entire crop of apples disappeared (rotted), especially summer varieties. And also plums and pears. Why did this happen? What chemicals to treat trees?

N. CHERNOVA, Ramenskoye, Moscow region

Raisa PETRUNINA answers. plant protection specialist

Most likely, this is fruit rot - a ubiquitous disease of fruit crops, scientifically - moniliosis. It is caused by fungi from the genus Monilia. Developing inside the fruit, they release toxic substances, the pulp of the affected fruit softens, turns brown, but remains juicy, sweetish, with an alcohol flavor. It does not spare the fungus and shoots, causing the fruit wood and overgrowing branches to dry out.

With equal success, moniliosis affects the fruits of both pome (apple, pear) and stone fruit crops (plum, cherry plum, cherry, cherry, apricot, peach). Initially, a small brown-brown spot appears on them, which gradually increases in size. After 8-10 days, grayish-yellow "pads", spores (conidia) of the fungus form on the surface of the fruit, they are arranged in concentric circles. Conidia are dispersed by wind, rain, insects and infect other fruits. But spores can penetrate the tissue of a new fetus only through mechanical damage (hail, insects, etc.) or, in case of scab damage, through cracks. Particularly affected by fruit rot are summer varieties of apples and pears damaged by the codling moth.

The rapid development of fruit rot is favored by warm and humid weather. Newly blossomed leaves are the first to fall ill. With the advent of the ovary, the fungus also affects it.

Moniliosis is especially dangerous in the second half of summer. Its maximum development falls on August and September - during the period of technical maturity of apples and pears. By the end of autumn, the affected fruits dry up, shrivel and fall off or turn black and remain hanging on the trees. In these "mummies" the fungus overwinters, becoming the main source of the spread of the disease in the spring.

In the spring, at the beginning of the growing season, it is important to prevent primary infection with an overwintered infection. To do this, even before the start of sap flow, all fruit trees should be cut, removing dry and affected shoots, destroying mummified fruits and fallen leaves, and carrying out one or two treatments with copper preparations: 1) Bordeaux mixture: 300-400 g copper sulfate + 400 g lime per 10 liters of water (the so-called blue spraying, it is carried out before the buds open. The flow rate of the working fluid is 10-20 liters per 100 sq.m); 2) Abiga Peak - 50 g per 10 liters of water (used for swelling buds and rosebud).

But if pests were also observed in your garden - aphids, suckers, weevils, apple flower beetle, then for spraying it is better to use a concentrated solution of urea (urea) - 500-700 g per 10 liters of hot water, to which you need to add 50 g of copper sulfate ( dissolve everything in a plastic container!).

They are well moistened not only with the crown of the tree, but also with the trunk circle. After such a procedure, fallen leaves can not be removed, it is enough to close them into the soil. For every 10 square meters of area, 2,5 liters of solution are consumed. It is recommended to carry out such spraying before the awakening of the kidneys at an average daily air temperature above 5 ° C.

Next, use a fungicide Chorus (2 g per 10 l of water), capable of protecting plants at an air temperature of +5 ° C and above for 7-14 days. Spraying is carried out in the green cone phase - the end of flowering with an interval of 7-10 days. The consumption of working fluid is 2-5 liters per tree.

Starting from June, it is recommended to make 3-4 treatments with biofungicides: Phytosporin (20 ml per 10 l of water. Sprayed during the growing season in the phases of a pink bud, the beginning of flowering, the end of flowering, an ovary up to 1,5 cm in size, a fruit the size of a hazel. The consumption of working fluid is 10 liters per 100 sq.m) or Phytolavin (20 ml per 10 liters of water. Sprayed during the growing season in the phases of bud separation, flowering, ovary formation, fruits up to 2 cm in diameter, fruits up to 4-5 cm in diameter. Working fluid consumption - 2-5 liters per tree).

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Reference by topic: Spring and autumn moniliosis, on apple and pear, cherry apricot and plum

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HOW TO GET RID OF FRUIT ROT - VIDEO

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