Do-it-yourself seed disinfection - processing methods (chlorhexidine, brilliant green, peroxide, etc.)
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HOW TO PROPERLY DISINFECT SEEDS BEFORE SOWING
The main reason for presowing disinfection (disinfection) of seeds is disease prevention.
Large manufacturers usually offer seed that has already been processed (information about this is placed on the packaging). Such disinfection does not need, on the contrary, it is harmful to him. For seeds that have not undergone this procedure, as well as when their origin is unknown or they were harvested independently, disinfection is necessary.
The fact is that some diseases of vegetable crops are transmitted with seeds. Moreover, the infection that remains in them threatens not only tender seedlings, but also already fruiting plants. Among the most harmful are cladosporiosis, or brown leaf spot of tomatoes, mucous bacteriosis of cabbage, as well as Fusarium wilt of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers. It is their wide distribution that vegetable growers have recently noted in their personal plots.
Partially disinfects seeds (both from external and internal infection), and also increases their germination by heat treatment. First of all, seeds collected on their own plot and harvested in inclement weather, as well as stored in an unheated room (in the country or in a cold pantry) need to be warmed up.
The seeds are heated for a short time at a high temperature or for a long time at a lower one. Warming of pumpkin cultures is especially shown. For disinfection, they are immersed for 2 hours in a thermos with water heated to 50 ° C. But more reliable is the heating of seeds of cucumbers, zucchini, squash, watermelons for one to two months at a temperature of 2535 ° C. Bags with them are simply hung by the central heating battery or by the stove. You can also put them directly on the battery, on a cardboard or cloth pad (on a book or towel).
For dry heating of seeds of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, 3-4 days are enough, after a longer one they may germinate less amicably. In general, it is believed that these crops are best heated in a wet way. To do this, the seeds in thin fabric bags are dipped for 25 minutes in a thermos with water heated to 4850C. Immediately after heating, they are placed for 2-3 minutes in cold water, then dried and sown on the same day.
Cabbage seeds are kept in hot water (4550°C) for 20 minutes; carrots, beets and flowers - also hot (5 ° C), but not more than 53 minutes. As a result, at least two or three times the incidence of diseases is reduced.
The temperature and time must be maintained very accurately: if it is lower, there will be no effect, if it is higher, the seeds will die. Immediately after treatment, the seeds must be immersed in cold water. Weak ones after such treatment may die, but healthy powerful plants will grow from the rest.
Heat treatment of seeds can be replaced by their disinfection for an hour in an infusion of garlic. Its characteristic halls are due to di-nyl disulfide, allicin and other sulfur-containing substances. All of them, with a slight heating (above 15 ° C), release free sulfur, which is deadly for pathogenic fungi. The infusion is made as follows: 3 cloves of garlic are crushed, poured with 100 ml of water, hermetically sealed and allowed to brew for a day (24 hours). Keep the seeds in the infusion for 30 minutes.
Aloe juice helps to reduce the risk of developing bacterial diseases, besides, it is also an effective biostimulant. A few old lower leaves are cut from the plant and placed in the refrigerator for 3-4 days. After that, juice is squeezed out of them. With low germination, the seeds are soaked in undiluted juice. For disinfection of freshly harvested, it is diluted with water (1: 1). Soak the seeds for 12-18 hours. Tomatoes and eggplants need 18 hours. It should only be borne in mind that aloe does not have a good effect on all plants, sometimes, on the contrary, causes a deterioration in growth processes. Soaking celery, onion, pepper and pumpkin seeds in aloe juice is not recommended, which is associated with the individual characteristics of these crops. But the seeds of eggplant, carrots and tomatoes soaked in aloe feel great.
To give resistance to late blight, cladosporiosis, alternariosis, black leg, true and downy mildew, gray and white rot, Immunocytophyt is capable of - a biological product with a fungicidal and growth-stimulating effect. It is available in the form of blue or purple tablets. One is enough to process 5 g of vegetable or flower seeds. For soaking, 1 tablet is dissolved in 15-20 ml of cold water. Small seeds withstand 3 hours, medium - 6 hours, large - 9 hours. The solution loses its properties after 12 hours. The drug can be mixed with other pesticides and fertilizers, but cannot be used in a mixture with potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).
The biological product with fungicidal and growth-stimulating action Agat-25 Super works similarly. It is produced in the form of a fluid paste, which is packaged in 20 ml syringes with a dosing scale. Seeds are soaked for three hours before sowing. The consumption rate of the drug for tomato and pepper seeds is 0 ml per 2 ml of water, for cucumber - 50 ml per 0 ml of water. Cabbage seeds are soaked for 1 hours - 150 ml per 6 ml of water.
A good microbiological agent for disinfecting seed is Fitosporin-M. You can use universal or specific for the crop whose seeds need to be processed. The drug is produced in the form of a liquid (it is more intended for indoor flowers), paste or gel and powder. The liquid is diluted in the ratio of 40 drops of Fitosporin to 2 cups of water. The paste is diluted in 2 stages: first, a mother solution is prepared (1: 2), and from it - a working solution: 1 drops per 20 liter of water. When preparing a working solution from a powder, 1 teaspoon is dissolved in 2 liters of water (for reference: in 1 teaspoon - 3-3 g of the product). To dilute the powder or paste, it is advisable to use settled and soft water (rain, melt or filtered).
After preparation, the working solution is kept in a dark, warm place for 2 hours (or even better - a day). The specific time for different crops depends on what kind of seeds it is planned to sow - dry, swollen or germinated. If there is no time, sow dry seeds. If there is - swollen. For example, for tomatoes and cucumbers, the soaking time can be 1 hour, in which case the seeds remain dry. Or 12 hours - then the seeds will be swollen.
If desired, the seeds in Fitosporin solution can be left for germination. The bottom of a shallow tray is lined with two layers of paper towels, moistened with a working solution, and then the seeds are evenly distributed. Napkins are wrapped so that they completely cover the seeds. Only a napkin with seeds should get wet, the excess Fitosporin solution is drained! The tray is placed in a plastic bag or covered with a lid.
Recently, among amateur vegetable growers, disinfection of seeds has become popular not only in potassium permanganate, but also in hydrogen peroxide, brilliant green, chlorhexidine.
See also: Disinfection of your own collected seeds - memo table
DISINFECTANT TREATMENT OF SEEDS - AN IMPORTANT POINT
After soaking the seeds in any of the disinfectant solutions, they must be rinsed with clean water.
As for potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide, they are oxidizing agents. The recommended dose for seed disinfection is a 3% solution of
hydrogen oxide or 1% - potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), exposure - 30 minutes. In smaller doses, they act weakly on pathogens, in increased doses, they are detrimental to embryos. Both of these substances have a strong translaminar effect (easily penetrate into the seed). Therefore, the results of their impact are often unstable, up to the loss of seed germination.
Brilliant green (brilliant green) seed disinfects well. To prepare the working composition, take 1 teaspoon of a 1% pharmacy solution (in order not to get smeared, it is better to draw it with a syringe) and dilute it in 100 ml of water. Seeds are kept in it for 30 minutes and sown without washing.
For seed disinfection in chlorhexidine, a pharmacy preparation with a concentration of 0% is used undiluted. Holding time - 05 minutes. Then the seeds are washed and sown.
Soaking seeds in growth stimulants should be carried out immediately after their disinfection in disinfectants. Further, the treated seeds should be immediately sown in the ground.
Each vegetable grower decides for himself in what way and preparation he will process the planting material. By using this disinfectants (brilliant green, alcohol, chlorhexidine), it should be borne in mind that they kill not only harmful, but also beneficial microflora on the surface of the seeds. And the seed, once in the ground, becomes defenseless before its inhabitants.
Biological products act softer than chemistry, do not suppress beneficial microflora and at the same time increase the plant's immunity, that is, its ability to resist the disease itself. And this, as you know, is much more important, since it is impossible to suppress all infections.
When choosing varieties and hybrids, give preference to those that are resistant to the most common diseases. For example, tomato hybrids Pink cnaM FI, Intuition F1, Evpator F1, Pink Beef F1, Cherry Ira F1, Zhirdyay F1, Premier F1, Torbay F1, Octopus F1 show greater resistance to cladosporiosis.
Cabbage hybrids resistant to mucous bacteriosis: Adapter F1, Transfer F1, Megaton F1, Galaxy F1, Atria F1, Sugar queen F1, Aggressor F1. Kilaces F1, Kazachok F1, Valentina F1, Rinda F1.
EMERGENCY CARE
To ensure that the seedlings are stronger and more hardy, the seeds before sowing, and afterwards the sprouts themselves sometimes need not be too lazy and treated. Let us give examples of such useful and simple solutions.
Preparation | appointment | Preparation of the solution | Mode of application |
Маргацовка | Seed dressing
before sowing |
1% solution (1 g per 100 ml of water) | Leave the seeds for 20 minutes, then rinse with clean water. |
Copper sulfate | Spraying seedlings with leaf lethargy | 0,05% solution
(0,5 g per 1 liter of water) |
2-3-fold spraying on leaves |
Iron sulfate, iron chelate or iron oxalate | Spraying seedlings when yellowness appears on young leaves | 0,1% solution (1 g per 1 L of water) | 1-2-fold spraying on leaves |
Potassium iodide | Spraying seedlings to prevent fungal diseases | 0,01% solution
(0,1 g per 1 liter of water) |
Double spraying: before picking and 2 weeks after |
Cereal straw ash or sifted wood ash | Shrinkage of shoots for prevention of black leg (especially cabbage crops) | Mix in equal parts ash and sand and pour into the stocking (a bag of rare cloth) | At the fork stage (expanded cotyledons), dust the seedlings overnight and wash off the ash in the morning (by spraying). Repeat on the first real sheet |
Sodium or potassium humate | 1. Soaking the seeds | 0,01% solution | Soak for 24 hours |
2. Watering seedlings | 0,005% solution | Watering on the cotyledons, then on the 1st and 3rd leaves | |
Epin | 1. Soaking the seeds | 2 drops
on 100 ml of water |
Soak for 12-18 hours |
2. Sprinkling of seedlings | 3 drops
on 100 ml of water |
Sprinkle seedlings in 6-12 hours after picking | |
3. Enhanced spraying under stressful situations | 7 drops
on 200 ml of water |
Spray every 7-10 days |
Reference by topic: Seed disinfection before planting seedlings - folk remedies and not only
TREATMENT OF SEEDS BEFORE SOWING - VIDEO
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