Calendar-schedule for the care of tomatoes in the open field and greenhouse: table-memo
Contents ✓
TOMATO CALENDAR-INSTRUCTIONS FOR GROWING TOMATOES FOR OPEN AND PROTECTED GROUND
The agrotechnical calendar for tomato is compiled so as not to miss the most important events for sowing, growing seedlings, seasonal plant care
Compiled by Mikhail Vorobyov, Ph.D. n., Associate Professor of the Department of Vegetable Growing, RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev
TOMATOES IN MARCH
INDOOR + OPEN GROUND
Sorted, disinfected, hardened, heated, soaked, germinated seeds.
Prepare soil mixtures and containers for seedlings.
Sow seeds from March 25 to April 10. For greenhouses - earlier.
TOMATOES IN APRIL
INDOOR + OPEN GROUND
Seeds are sown in trays according to the scheme: between rows 4-5 cm, in a row between seeds 0,5-1 cm. The best substrate is high-moor peat with perlite + a mixture of mineral fertilizers. Crops are covered with foil. The optimum germination temperature is 25°C.
After opening the cotyledons during the day, the temperature is reduced to 20 ° C, at night to 16 ° C, so that the seedlings do not stretch.
Plants are moderately watered, excessive moisture leads to the development of diseases.
Dive 10-14 days after emergence in pots with a diameter of 8-12 cm.
Seedlings are fed 2 times: 10 days after picking and 10 days before planting.
10-14 days before planting, seedlings begin to harden, accustoming to low temperatures.
TOMATOES IN MAY
OPEN GROUND
The best soil is fertile loam with good moisture capacity, high content of humus and nutrients, pH is close to neutral.
The best predecessors are cabbage, cucumber, zucchini. The bad ones are from the nightshade family.
The soil is harrowed, loosened, superphosphate is applied - 15 g per well. On heavy soils, organic matter and sand are added (but not fresh manure!).
Seedlings are planted in the first decade of May. The planting scheme depends on the variety: 3-6 plants / m2. In rows: 60 cm between rows, 30 cm between plants. With ribbons on the ridges, a double ribbon with a distance between rows of 50 cm, between ribbons 90 cm, between plants - 30 cm.
When frosts cover the plants.
Watered by sprinkling.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN GREENHOUSES
Conduct spring digging of the soil with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Ridges are formed.
The planting pattern (depending on the variety) is tape in 2 rows: between tapes 80 cm, between lines 50 cm, between plants in a line 30 cm.
2-3 days after planting the seedlings, the plants are tied with twine to the trellis. The twine to the plant is attached under the first sheet with a free knot. Twist 1 time per week.
Mulch beds. Regularly watered with warm water (not lower than 20 ° C).
TOMATOES IN JUNE
CARE OF TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND IN JUNE
Carry out moderate watering, without waterlogging and drying, under the root. During fruiting, the need for watering increases.
The soil is loosened 3-4 times (the first time to a depth of 8-12 cm, the next - 4-5 cm) and weeds are removed.
Plants are fed after watering - 15-20 days after planting, when tying the first brush. Give phosphorus and potassium, and nitrogen only in case of urgent need.
Foliar top dressing (spraying) is carried out with soluble fertilizers + treatments against diseases and pests.
Landings are mulched with peat, sawdust, manure.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN CLOSED GROUND
Plants form in 1,2, less often in 3 stems. Side shoots are removed, but in determinant varieties, 1 continuation shoot is left - under 2-3 inflorescences from the top of the plant. The central shoot is pinched and the growth is transferred to the lateral shoot.
Pasynkovanie spend 1 time per week.
Soil moisture until fruit set is maintained at a low level. With the advent of tomatoes on the first 2-3 inflorescences, watering is carried out more often.
30-40 days after planting the seedlings, the lower leaves are removed (no more than 3 pieces at a time).
TOMATOES IN JULY
CARE OF TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND IN JULY
Remove old leaves touching the ground. Pinching and pinching are carried out once a week, directing the energy of the plant to the growth and development of fruits.
Plants are formed: grown in 1, 2 or 3 stems. Remove small stepchildren, inflorescences and pinch growth points.
The crop is normalized, leaving 6-8 brushes on medium-sized tomatoes, 3-4 on tall large-fruited ones.
Plants are tied with twine to supports.
Water regularly.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN GREENHOUSES
Plants are fed with complex mineral fertilizers every 2 weeks.
Regulate the harvest. In greenhouses, 8-10 brushes are left on medium-sized tomatoes, and 5-6 on tall large-fruited ones.
Small-fruited varieties and cherry tomatoes are not rationed, but growth points are pinched at the end of July.
At the time of flowering and fruit growth, foliar top dressing is added. Watering is carried out in the morning to reduce air humidity in the evening.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN AUGUST
CARE OF TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND IN AUGUST
Harvest regularly so that the fruits do not overgrow.
For transportation and storage, fruits are harvested in the phase of biological maturity, at a temperature of 25 ° C, technical ripeness will come in 5 days - they can be eaten.
When fully ripe, the fruits begin to release ethylene, which inhibits the growth of other fruits. Overripening leads to a decrease in sugars, acids, and a deterioration in taste.
On plants, old diseased leaves and fruits are removed.
Watering is stopped.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN GREENHOUSES IN AUGUST
35-45 days before the end of the cultivation of the crop, pinch the main stem.
1-2 leaves are left above the last inflorescence - for better fruit growth.
Stepchildren continue to be removed.
It is necessary to regularly ventilate the greenhouse, to avoid the formation of condensate.
Carry out preventive treatment of plants against diseases.
CARE OF TOMATOES IN AUGUST
CARE OF TOMATOES IN OPEN GROUND IN SEPTEMBER
Before frost, all green fruits are harvested. Ripens at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80-85% for 6-8 days, better in the light.
It is possible to store ripe fruits: the lower the temperature (1-3°C), the longer the shelf life (up to 60 days).
CARE OF TOMATOES IN GREENHOUSES IN SEPTEMBER
Remove plant debris from the greenhouse. Bring order and cleanliness. Preparing the greenhouse for winter. Carry out preventive measures and necessary repairs.
SAVE THE MEMORIAL PICTURE
Reference by topic: Growing indeterminate tomatoes using organic farming technology
TOMATO CARE CALENDAR - VIDEO
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- Works in the country in January - readers' advice
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- Calendar care for irises - from March to August
- Gardener's memo: processing, spraying the garden in early spring
- Garden in the middle of winter: important work in January
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- January – work in the garden, vegetable garden and flower garden – advice from gardeners
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Ground tomatoes are healthier than greenhouse tomatoes
Research by biochemists shows that tomatoes ripened in open ground accumulate 30% more vitamins than in greenhouses. And the varieties differ from each other even more - some have more vitamins, others have less
Grand, Chelnok, Dubrava tomatoes have a higher content of vitamin C, of which we need 70-100 mg daily (up to 32 mg per 100 g of pulp). So, a salad of 2-3 tomatoes provides the daily requirement of ascorbic acid. Tomatoes with orange and bright yellow colors, for example, varieties Weevil, Charovnitsa, Charodey, are rich in natural beta-carotene concentrate. And there is a lot of healing lycopia in the varieties Lakomka, Lotus, Magnat, Malinka, Dubrava, Severyanka, Blagodatny, Voskhod VNIISSOKA, Severyanka.
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I would like to share my experience of growing tomatoes of the early ripening variety Sanka. What’s good about it is that its harvest in open ground is always better than in a greenhouse.
When planting the Sanka variety in a greenhouse, the bushes grow up to 1 m in height, all their strength goes into growth. In an open garden they are no higher than 60 cm, there are a lot of brushes and ovaries, regardless of the weather and agricultural technology. At the same time, they do not even need temporary shelter, the only thing is that they need to tie the bushes to pegs so that the tomatoes do not lie on the ground.
The Sanka variety bears fruit early and early, thanks to which the plants do not have time to become infected with late blight. I managed to collect several buckets from 4 bushes! All tomatoes are round, without spots, almost the same size.
When the fruits set, it is advisable to cut off the leaves of the bushes, but not all at once, but gradually, starting from the lowest ones. Then they pour better and become sweeter. Although tomatoes of this variety taste sour, their chambers are large, the seeds are large, and the skin is quite dense. For pickling and processing into sauces and lecho - just right!
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Tomato in the open field
For the past decade and a half, I have been growing tomatoes only in open ground. And not once in all this time has my family been left without a harvest.
I usually grow stunted tomatoes. I don’t give preference to any particular varieties, I love experiments. I choose those recommended for open ground with a ripening period of 70-90 days. These varieties have time to ripen and give a harvest before the onset of cold nights and rainfall.
I usually plant seedlings in open ground at the end of May. But it doesn’t happen year after year, so I look at the weather. I place tomatoes on the ridge with two-line ribbons: the distance between the lines is 50 cm, in the rows - 25 cm. I make two deep furrows on the sides of the beds, while a ridge is formed from the soil in the center. Then I scatter well-rotted humus over them, 4 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate per linear meter (for 4 plants). The soil is well mixed with fertilizers and watered with warm water.
About two weeks later, as soon as the tomatoes begin to grow, I cut off the lower yellowed leaves from them, water them again (if necessary) and spud them with earth from the ridge. All further care comes down to weeding and loosening. Plants are necessarily stepson, leaving no more than five brushes on each. I don't water or fertilize anymore. Only during the tying of the brushes, twice with an interval of a week, I spray with Ovary or Cytovit preparations containing trace elements.