ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡ïŒç°èç°ããã³ãã®ä»ã®çš®é¡ã®ã«ãšã-æ€ãä»ããšã±ã¢
ç®æ¬¡â
- â ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡ãšãã®åçš®ã®æ œå¹ãç¹æ®ãäžè©±
- â ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡ïŒèãé«ãé倧ãªæš
- â 極æ±ã®ã«ãšã
- â ã«ãšã - çæ®ãšæå ¥ã
- â åã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã«ãšãã®çš®
- â äœæšã«ãšã
- â ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡: åçãšèª¬æ
- â ã«ãšãã®åçš®ïŒåçãšèª¬æ
- â ã¡ãŒãã«ãã¡ããªãŒ
- â ã¡ãŒãã«ã®çš®é¡ - ãããª
ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡ãšãã®åçš®ã®æ œå¹ãç¹æ®ãäžè©±
誰ããç¥ã£ãŠããæ¥
ç§ãã¡ã®åœã§æ œå¹ãããŠããæãäžè¬çãªçš®é¡ã®ã«ãšãã¯ã ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã (Acer platanoides), -ä»ã®å€ãã®æ€ç©ãšã¯ç°ãªããå±±å°ã§ã¯ãªãäœå°ã®æ£®æã§èŠãããŸãã ãã®å€èŠ³ãšç¹åŸŽçãªèã¯ãæš¹æšåŠããé ãé¢ãã人ã ãããããã¹ãŠã®äººã«ããç¥ãããŠããŸãã ãã®æšã¯ãéçã§ã¯é«ã30ã¡ãŒãã«ã«ãéããåµåœ¢ã®ããã圢ã®å¯ãªå ãæã¡ãŸãã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãã®åçš®ã®å€æ§æ§ã¯éåžžã«åªããŠãããããããã®ã¿ã䜿çšããŠãèå³æ·±ãæšè³ªã®çµæç©ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãã è²ã®åœ¢ãæé·ãè身ã®åœ¢ãå€åããåçš®ããããŸãã åçš®ã®ããã«ã玫ãªã©ã®çããè²ã®èãæã€ã«ãšãã¯ç¹ã«å°è±¡çã«èŠããŸãã ããã€ã€ã«ã¬ãããããã¯ãªã ãŸã³ãã³ã°ãããããã©ãããã·ã¥ãŽã§ãã¬ãªãããŸãã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è身ã®çžã«æ²¿ã£ãŠçœãçžæš¡æ§ããããŸãã ããã©ã¢ã³ãã£ãŒãã è£ é£Ÿçãªåœ¢ ãã³ã©ã ããŒã¬ã О ãã°ãããµã ã æ±ç¶ãšçç¶ã®çå ã§æ³šç®ãéããæ§å³ã®æããã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã«ãªããŸãã ã³ã¬ã¿ãŒæ€ããåæ€ãã§ãããè²ã¡ãŸãã
ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡ïŒèãé«ãé倧ãªæš
ã«ãšãã®äžã«ã¯éåžžã«å€§ããªä»£è¡šè ããããŸãã ãã®ãã¡ã®XNUMXã€ã¯é倧ãªã«ãšãããŸã㯠ãããŒãã®ãããªã«ãšã (Acer velutinum)ã ãã©ã³ã¹ã³ãŒã«ã·ã¢æ±éšãšã€ã©ã³åéšã®å±±å°ã«çè²ããŸãã é«ãã¯50ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãå¹¹ã®çŽåŸã¯1,2ã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããæ¬ç©ã®å·šäººã®ããã«èŠããŸããããã®ã«ãšãã¯çµå®æã«ç¹ã«å°è±¡çã§ãæ倧60å¹ã®ããã«ãµãŽãéã¶å€§ããªåãäžãã£ãçµå®ç©ã§é£ŸãããŠããŸãã ãŸãã«é倧ãªå æ¯ã
ãããã«å°ããã®ã¯ãã©ã¿ãã¹ã«ãšãããŸãã¯ãã©ã¿ãã¹ (Acer pseudoplatanus) ã§ããŠã¯ã©ã€ãå西éšãšã³ãŒã«ãµã¹ã®å±±æã代衚ãããã®ã§ãã é«ã40ã¡ãŒãã«ãçŽåŸ2ã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§ã®æšã§ãæ¿ãç°è²ã®æš¹ç®ãæ¿ç¶ã«å¥ãããæããè¥ãæš¹ç®ãé²åºããŸãã èªç«ããŠãããšãã¯ç¹ã«çŸãããå¯ãªãã³ãç¶ã®å ã圢æããŸãã 芳è³çšåèžã§ã¯ãããŸããŸãªåœ¢ã®åœã«ãšããæããã䜿çšãããŸãã ãã©ãšãã£ãããããã«ãã¬ã¢ ' èã¯ããŒãã³ã«ã©ãŒã§ãäžã¯æ¿ãç·è²ãäžã¯çŽ«ã§ãã åçš®ã®è¥è ãã¬ãªãã«ãã£ã é»è²ããã£ããã³ã¯ã®æç¹ã§èŠããã倧人ã¯æå ¥ãã§ãäžåäžãªèç·è²ãŸãã¯ã¯ãªãŒã è²ã®æç¹ããããŸãã
åã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã®ãåæ§ã«èšå¿µç¢çã§ã ã·ã«ããŒã¡ãŒãã« (Acer saccharinum)ã é«ãã¯40ã¡ãŒãã«ãå¹¹ã®çŽåŸã¯æ倧1,5ã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããŸãã
ãã®çš®ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãé·ãèæã«æ·±ãåãè£ãããXNUMXè£ã®èã§ãã äžã¯èç·è²ãäžã¯éçœè²ã§ãããããçš®åãä»ããããŸããã ç§ã«ã¯ããã®ã«ãšãã¯æ·¡ãé»è²ã®èã§ç®ç«ã¡ãŸãã æ°Žåã®å²žèŸºãè·¯å°ãå¯ãæ€ãã§ã¯èŠæ ããããŸãããä»çããéªã匷ãçªé¢šã§æãæããããšãå€ãããšãèŠããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã è£ é£Ÿçãªåçš®ããŠã£ãšãªãã¯ããšã¬ã¬ã³ããªåœ«å»ãæœãããèãšãé·ãåãäžãã£ãæ°èœãæã€çµµã®ããã«çŸããçå ã§æåã§ãã
極æ±ã®ã«ãšã
ã«ãšãã¯æ¥µæ±ã®é¡ã§ãããšä¿¡ããããŠããŸãã ããã§åœŒãã¯å±±ãå·ã®è°·æ²¿ãã«äœãã§ããŸãã ãããã®å€èŠ³ã¯ãšãŒããããåã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®çš®ãšã¯ç°ãªããæè¿ã§ã¯ããããéåžžã«ç©æ¥µçã«äœ¿çšããã©ã³ãã¹ã±ãŒããã¶ã€ããŒã«ãã£ãŠé«ãè©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸãã ããã«ããã·ã¢äžéšã«ãããã»ãšãã©ã®æ¥µæ±ã«ãšãã®æ œå¹ã«ã¯ãäžéšã®çš®ãé€ããŠç¹ã«åé¡ã¯ãããŸããã äžå€®ãã·ã¢ã®é¢šæ¯ã§ã¯ããããã¯æ¬ç©ã®ãšããŸããã¯ã®ããã«èŠãããã®å€èŠ³ã«ãããããããæ§æã食ãããšãã§ããŸãã
æåçã«åºãç¥ãããŠãã ãªããŒã«ãšã (Acer ginnala) é«ãèéæ§ãšæ°åããªãç¹ãç°ãªããŸãã é«ãã¯6ã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§æé·ããçå£ãåäžã®æ€æ œãäœæããã®ã«éåžžã«é©ããŠããŸãã ç§ã«ã¯äžèã®èãæ·±çŽ ã«æãŸããæ¯è²ãé®®ãããªè²ã§æãäžããŸãã
å±±ã«ã¯æ¥µæ±ã®æ··äº€æãšéèæš¹æãçãèã ã°ãªãŒã³ã«ãšã (Acer tegmentosum)ããã®å¹¹ã¯çžŠæ¹åã®çœãçžæš¡æ§ã®æ»ãããªç·è²ã®æš¹ç®ã§é£ŸãããŠããŸãã ãã®ãããªçããæš¹ç®ãæã€ã«ãšãã¯ãåžžã«ä»ã®æ€ç©ããéç«ã£ãŠããŸãã
極æ±ã®çš®ãåæãããšããã®å°åã§ããèŠãããçš®ã«èšåããªãããã«ã¯ãããŸããã å°èã«ãšã (Acer mono)ã ãã®æšã¯é«ãã15ã¡ãŒãã«ã«ãéããæš¹å ã¯äœããèã¯ãã€ã©ã®ã®èã«äŒŒãŠããŸããã2ã3åå°ããã§ãã ç§ã«ã¯é®®ãããªé»è²ãèµ€ã«è²ã¥ããŸãã å°èã®ã«ãšãã®æ€æ œã¯éœåžã®éšé³ãå¹æçã«è»œæžããŸãã
èã®çŸããã«ã€ããŠè©±ãå Žåããã¡ããããŸã第äžã«ãk. PalmateããŸã㯠ãã¡ã³ã«ãšã (ã€ããã¢ããž)ããããªãã§ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®åºåã¯æãç«ã¡ãŸããã éãã圫ãã§åãåãããèã¯ãç§ã«ã¯æããçµµã®ãããªè²ã«ãªããŸãã æ®å¿µãªããããã®çš®ã¯éåžžã«å¥œç±æ§ãé«ãããã·ã¢äžéšã§ã¯ç©éªã¬ãã«ãŸã§åã£ãŠããŸããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã®æ°åã§æ§åŒåãããæ¥æ¬åºåãäœæããã«ã¯ãããã«ä»£ããæè¯ã®åºåã¯ãåæ§ã«å£®èŠ³ãªãã®ã«ãªãã§ãããã æºå·ã«ãšã (Acer mandschuricum) ãšåœã·ãŒãã«ã ã«ãšã (Acer pseudosieboldianum)ã
ã«ãšã - çæ®ãšæå ¥ã
ã»ãšãã©ã®ã«ãšãã¯åå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠã空æ°ãšåå£ã®æ°ŽåãèŠæ±ããæ¯èŒçæ¥é°ã«åŒ·ãã颚ã«åŒ·ããå¯ãªæš¹å ãšããªãæ©ãæé·ãç¹åŸŽã§ãã
è¥æ²ãªåå£ãå¿ èŠãšããã«ãšãçšïŒã¢ã¯ãã£ãã©ãªã¢ã«ãšããåœå¹³é¢ã«ãšããå·ã«ãšããªã©ïŒã åå£æ··åç©ã¯è æ€åã湿å°åå£ãç ïŒ3:2:1ïŒããæ§æãããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
åå£ã«èŠæ±ã®ãªãã«ãšãïŒãã£ãŒã«ãã«ãšããç°èã«ãšããã·ã«ããŒã«ãšããªã©ïŒã®å Žåãåå£æ··åç©ã¯èã®å€ãåå£ãæ³¥çãç ïŒ2ïŒ2ïŒ1ïŒãã調補ãããæé©ãªé žæ§åºŠã¯pH 6,0ãã§ãã 7,5ãé žæ§ãèµ€ãpH 4,5-5ã
ã«ãšãã¯çš®åãæ¿ãæšãæ¥ãæšã«ããè£ é£Ÿçãªåœ¢ã§ç¹æ®ããŸãã
åã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã«ãšãã®çš®
å米倧éžã«ã¯å€æ°ã®ã«ãšããçããŠããŸãã 圌ãã®å€ãã¯ãã£ãšåã«ç¬¬äºã®æ é·ãç²åŸããŠãã·ã¢ã«å®äœããŸããã ç°èã«ãšã (Acer negundo) ç§ãã¡ã®ãªãŒãã³ã¹ããŒã¹ã«éåžžã«èªç¶åããŠãããããæã éèã®ããã«æ¯ãèãããšããããŸãã ä»ã§ã¯ããã®æ€ç©ã以åã¯è²Žéãªå€æ¥çš®ãšããŠæž©å®€ã§æ œå¹ãããŠããããšãæ³åããã®ã¯å°é£ã§ãã çŸåšããããªã³ã«ãšãã¯æ œå¹ã«ãããŠåºãæµéããŠããã ãŸã第äžã«ãæé·ãéããèéæ§ããããåå£ãžã®èŠæ±ãäœãããã§ãã ãããããã®è匱æ§ãšè£ 食æ§ã®äœãã«ããããã®çš®ã¯ä»ã®çš®ãšã®äžæçãªåçš®ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããšãäœåãªããããŠããŸã - ãã£ãããšæé·ããŸãããããè£ é£Ÿçã§ãã ãã®ã«ãšãã«ã¯èå³æ·±ãè²ã®çš®é¡ãæ°å€ããããé åã§åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã ã¢ãŠã¬ãªãŽã¡ãªãšã¬ãã¥ã ããŽã¡ãªãšã¬ãã¥ã ããã©ãã³ãŽããªãããµãã .
å·ã®è°·ã湿å°ã«çãã ã¬ããã«ãšã (Acer Rubrum) éå°ãªæ¹¿æ°ãšåæ»ããæ°Žã«ã¯å®å šã«èããŸãããåå£ã«ã¯ãããããããŸããã ç§ã®èµ€ãéè±ãšãªã¬ã³ãžããã£ãèµ€ã®èã®è²ããç¹å¥ãªååãä»ããããŸããã ãã®è£ 食çãªãã©ã«ã ãèµ€ãå€æ¥ããšãã¹ãã£ã³ãã³ã ãã©ãããåã®çå ã®åœ¢ãšç§ã®æ¿ãèµ€è²ã®èãç¹åŸŽã§ãã
ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢ã«ãšãã¯ãçœã瞊çžã®ããéåžžã«çŸããæ»ãããªç·è²ã®æš¹ç®ã泚ç®ãéããŠããŸãã ã«ãšã ãã³ã·ã«ããã«ã ïŒã 倧ããªïŒã€ã«è£ããèã¯ç§ã«ã¯æ¿ãé»è²ã«è²ã¥ããŸãã ãã®ã«ãšãã®éè±ãšçµå®ã¯å°è±¡çã§ããè±ãå²ãããã®åŸæå®ãé·ãåãäžãã£ããã©ã·ã«éããããŸãã
äœæšã«ãšã
ã«ãšãã®äžã«ã¯ãå°ããªåºã«ããåãäœæšçš®ããããŸãã
ãŸããåªæã«ãããèããã®ã§ãéåžžã«å¯ã§å£®èŠ³ãªçå£ãäœããŸãã ãã®ãããªã«ãšãã«ã¯ãåè¿°ã®å·ã«ãšãããã³åœã·ãŒãã«ãã«ãšãã«å ããŠããã²ã«ãšããã«ãŒã«ã«ãšããã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšããå«ãŸããŸãã
ãã²ã«ãšã (Acer barbinerve) éè±äžã¯éåžžã«çŸãããç§ã«ã¯æ¿ãé»è²ãŸãã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®èãèªããå¬ã«ã¯èµ€çŽ«ã®æš¹ç®ãæã€è¥ãèœãçœãéªã®èæ¯ã«ç®ç«ã¡ãŸãã 圢ãã«ããã綺éºã§ãã
æé·æãéããŠéåžžã«è£ 食ç åç±³
ã¡ãŒãã«ã¯ä»ã«ã©ãã§äœ¿ãããŠããŸããïŒ
å€ãã®çš®é¡ã®ã«ãšãã«ã¯è²Žéãªæšæããããå®¶å ·ç£æ¥ãã¹ããŒãçšåãé³æ¥œæ¥œåšãç¹ã«åŒæ¥œåšã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®æš¹æ¶²ã«ã¯ãç¹ã«åç±³åç£ã®ã«ãšãã®æš¹æ¶²ã«ããªãã®ç³åãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã ãµããŠã«ãšã (Acer saccharum)ã ã«ããã§ã¯ããã®ã«ãšãã®æš¹æ¶²ãã¡ãŒãã«ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšããŠããããã®èã¯åœã®è±¡åŸŽãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã ãµããŠã«ãšãã®èã圫å»ããæ§åŒåãããã€ã¡ãŒãžããã«ããã®ããã±ãŒéžæã®ãžã£ã±ãããã«ããã®åœæã«é£ŸãããŠããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®çš®é¡: åçãšèª¬æ
1. ã·ãã«ãšã (Acer carpinifolium) é«ã = 10 m
æ¥æ¬ã®å±±æã«çããèœèé«æšã èã¯ã·ãã®èã«ãã䌌ãæããç·è²ã§ãç§ã«ã¯é»è€è²ã«å€ãããŸãã èãéããšåæã«é»ç·è²ã®è±ãå²ããŸãã æ¯èŒçéã«åŒ·ãããã·ã¢äžéšã§ã¯æããæ¥ããã颚ããååã«ä¿è·ãããå Žæã§è²ã¡ãŸãã ãã®åžå°çš®ã¯ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ç¹å¥ãªåã³ãããããã§ãããã
2. å·æ²¿ãã®ã«ãšã (Acer ginnala) H = 8m
ãã³ãã®åœ¢ãããæš¹å ãæã€å€§ããªäœæšã§ãå·ãå°å·ã®åæã«æ²¿ã£ãŠçããŠããããããã®ååãä»ããããŸããã èã¯XNUMXèã§ã现é·ãäžèããããæ¿ãç·è²ã§å æ²¢ããããç§ã«ã¯çŽ«ããã£ãèµ€ã§ãã è±ã¯é»è²ããã£ãéŠãããããããããã®è±ãå²ããåéè±åºã«éããããèãå®å šã«éè±ããåŸã«çŸããŸãã æé·ãæ©ããèå¯æ§ããããè±å¯ãªèœãåºããŸãã
3. åœã·ãŒãã«ãã®ã«ãšã (Acer pseudosieboldianum) H = 8 m
ãã³ãç¶ã®æš¹å ãå¯éãã现é·ãæšã éè±äžã玫è²ã®ããçãæã€å€§ããªé»çœè²ã®è±ãçŸããŸãã è±åºã¯ææ¥æã®è»žãæã€ç·ç¶è±åºã èã¯æããç·è²ã§äžžããèæ¿ã®ååãŸã§æç¶ã«è§£åãããç§ã«ã¯èµ€ãã³ã¯ã®è²èª¿ã«å€ãããŸãã ããã«ãµãŽã®æå®ã¯ãçãå§ãã¯ãã³ã¯ããã£ãèµ€ã§ããã®åŸã¯é»è€è²ã«ãªããŸãã
4. æºå·ã«ãšã (Acer mandshurirum) é«ã = 20 m
é«ãçãäžãã£ãäžžãéãã圫ãã®å ãæã€èœèæš¹ã èã¯åªé ã§ãé·ãèµ€ã¿ããã£ãèæã«äžèã§ãç§ã«ã¯çŽ«ããã£ãèµ€ã®è²èª¿ã«ãªããŸãã è±åºã¯é»ç·è²ããã£ãç·ç¶è±åºã§ã倧ããªè±ã§æ§æãããŸãã éè±æéã¯10ïœ12æ¥ãšçãã§ãã åªããèèæ€ç©ã§ãã éœåžã®æ¡ä»¶ã圢æçãªåªå®ã蚱容ããŸããã
5. åœãã©ã¿ãã¹ïŒAcer pseudoplatanusïŒ H = 40 m
圢ã®æŽã£ãå¹¹ãæã€é«ãæšã¯ãèªç«ãããšãã«ç¹ã«çŸãããå¯ãªãã³ãç¶ã®æš¹å ã圢æããŸãã å¹¹ã¯ç°ç°è²ã®æš¹ç®ã§èŠããã倧ããªæ¿ç¶ã«å¥ãããŸãã éè±ããèãèæ¯ã«ãé·ã16 cmãŸã§ã®çŽ°ããŠããããã®è±ãå²ããè±åºã¯å£®èŠ³ã«èŠããŸãã èã¯3ïœ5è£ããŠãããäžã¯æ¿ãç·è²ãäžã¯éã¿ããã£ãããŸãã¯çœã£ãœãã§ãã
6. ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢ã«ãšã (Acer pencillvanirum) é«ã = 12 m
å¯ãªå ãæã€æšã§ãå¹¹ã¯çžŠæ¹åã®æããçžæš¡æ§ã®æ¿ãç·è²ã®æš¹ç®ã§èŠãããŠããŸãã èã¯å€§ããååµåœ¢ã§æµ ãïŒè£ããç§ã«ã¯çã£é»è²ã«å€ãããŸãã é»è²ããã£ãè±ã¯ãé·ã15 cmãŸã§ã®åªé ãªåãäžãã£ããã©ã·ã«éããããŸãã éè±ã¯7ã10æ¥éç¶ããŸãã æç©ã¯æ€ç©ã«é·æéä¿åãããŸãã å€èŠçã«ã¯ãéã®ã«ãšãã«éåžžã«äŒŒãŠããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®åçš®ïŒåçãšèª¬æ
ãã¯ãªã ãŸã³ãã³ã°ã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã H = 15 m
åºããæš¹å ãšãç§ã«ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã«å€ãã赀玫è²ã®å€§ããªèãç¹åŸŽã§ãã è±ã¯èµ€å³ã垯ã³ãé»è²ã§ãèã®éè±ãšåæã«å²ããŸãã
ããã©ã¢ã³ãã£ãŒã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã H = 12 m
èŠåçãªå ãæã€ãšã¬ã¬ã³ããªæšã è¥ãèã¯ç«¯ããã³ã¯è²ã§ãåŸã«å¹ ã®åºãã¯ãªãŒã è²ã®å¢çç·ãçŸããŸãã ãã®åçš®ã®æããè²ã¯ãæãè²ã®èãæã€æ€ç©ãšããåããŸãã
ãã¢ãããã«ãã¬ã¢ã
åœãã©ã¿ãã¹ã«ãšã H = 20m
åºãåé圢ã®æš¹å ãæã€æšã è¥ãèã¯èµ€è¶è²ã§ãåŸã«è²ãå€ãããç§ãŸã§äžéšã¯æ¿ãç·è²ã®ãŸãŸã§ãäžéšã¯æ¿ãèµ€è²ã§çŽ«çŽ«ã®è±ãå²ããŸãã
'ãã©ãã³ãŽ'
ãããªã¢ããž H=4m
äœæšãŸãã¯å€§ããªäœæšã§ãã åçš®ã¯éåžžã«çŸãããå€åœ©ã§ãã è¥ãèã¯ãã³ã¯è²ã§ãåŸã«çœæã«ãªããŸãã ã«ãšãã¯å°ããªåºã®æšæ¬ãé è²ã«äœ¿çšããã®ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
ããŠã£ãšãªã
ã¡ãŒãã«ã·ã«ã㌠H=20m
é·ã现ãæãåãäžããçµµã®ããã«çŸããæšã èã¯å»ãŸããŠããã匷ãåãè£ãããŠãããåªé ã§éç·è²ã§ãç§ã«ã¯æ·¡é»è²ã«å€ãããŸãã ãµããã ã·ãšããŠäœ¿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã
ãã°ãããµã ã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã H = 7 m
åªå®ãè¡ããªãæšã¯ãåäžã§éåžžã«å¯ãªç圢ã®å ã圢æããæäœæ€ç©ã§ã¯å¹³ããªåœ¢ç¶ã«ãªããŸãã è¡è·¯ã®é åã«æšå¥šãããŸãããå°ããªåºã®è£ 食èŠçŽ ãšããŠãé©ããŠããŸãã
ããã€ã€ã«ã¬ããã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã H = 12 m
çå ã¯å¹ ã®åºãåé圢ã§ãèã¯æé·æãéããŠå€§ãããå æ²¢ããããæããèµ€ã§ãã é®®ãããªè²ã®èãèæ¯ã«ãé»è²ã®è±åºããšãŠãå°è±¡çã§ãã æšã¯æ¥éã«æé·ããŠããŸãã ãã®åçš®ã¯åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
ãããªãšãŒã¬ã¿ã ã
ãããªã¢ããž H=5m
è£ é£Ÿçãªçœç·è²ã®æå ¥ãã®èãšæŽŸæãªæå®ãæã€çŸããæšã§ãã ãµããã ã·ãšããŠããŸãä»ã®åºèæš¹ãšå¯Ÿç §çãªçµæç©ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŸãã éœåžéšã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ãããèããŸãã
ã¡ãŒãã«ãã¡ããªãŒ
ç§ã®åºåã¯ä»ãæ€ç©çžã®å€ãã®ä»£è¡šè ãããŸããŸãªè²åãã®éãšçã®èã§ç食ã£ãŠãããããæããçŸããã§ãã ãããŠãç§æå°ã§åèªããå Žæã«ãµããããæè¯ã®åè£è ã®150ã€ã¯ãã«ãšãã§ãã èµ€ãé»ããªã¬ã³ãžã®èã®åœ©åºŠãšããç¹ã§ã¯ãæšæ¬æ€ç©ã®äžã§åçã§ããããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããŸããã äžè¬ã«ãæ€ç©åŠè ã¯ãã®å±ïŒã«ãšãã«ãšãïŒã® XNUMX çš®ãæ°ããŠããŸãã
ãã®ãã¡ãçŽ30ãåºã«é©ããŠããŸãããã«ãšãã®ãå åŒãã¯ãŸã£ããååã§ã¯ãªããé«ããšãå€èŠ³ããã€ãŸãå ã®åœ¢ãç§ãå«ãèã®è²ãç°ãªããŸãã ïŒæç¶ã«ãšãã ãã§ã50çš®é¡ãããŸãïŒã ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãæš¹ç®ã«ã¯è£ 食çãªãã®ããããŸãã è±ãç®ç«ããªãéãã¯ã
ãã·ã¢ã«ã¯çŽ20çš®ã®ã«ãšããçè²ããŠããŸãã äžã§ããã«ãŠã§ãŒã¡ãŒãã«ã¯ç¹ã«æ³šç®ã«å€ããŸãïŒAcerã®platanoidesïŒã ç§ãã¡ã®å°åã§æãäžè¬çã§ãããå°é£ãªæ°åæ¡ä»¶ã«æãããé©å¿ããŠããŸããæ°åãããèé°æ§ãããã倧æ°æ±æã«ã匷ãããããã®çš®ã¯å€§éœåžã®å ¬åãåºå Žã食ãããšããããããŸãã åæã«ããã«ãŠã§ãŒã¡ãŒãã«ã®åæãã¯è±å¯ã§å€æ§ã§ããæ±ç¶ã®ãã®ããããŸãïŒ'åæ±ç¶' ãŸã 'ã¯ãªã ãŸã³ã»ã³ããªãŒ')" ç圢ã¯ã©ãŠã³åœ¢ç¶
巚倧ãªç³ã®å®¹åšã«ã¯ãæã®ã²ãã®åœ¢ãããå°ããã®ã«ãšãã®æšæ¬ãäžåºŠã«ããã€ãå ¥ã£ãŠããŸããããã¢ãããã«ãã¬ãŠã 解åã (ãã°ãããµã ããããã£ãŒã«ãº E. ã¢ã€ãªãã·ã¥ãïŒãããã«ã¯ãã¯ãŒãã®ãã®ïŒ'ãã°ããŠã ')ã ãŸããæ€ç©ã¯åçš®ã«ãã£ãŠèã®åœ¢ãç§ã®è²ãç°ãªããŸãã
è£ é£Ÿæ§ã®ç¹ã§ã¯ãã¢ãžã¢ã®ã€ã·ã®åœ¢ãããã«ãšãã¯ãæãçŸãããå€èŠ³ãã®ææè ãšèããããŠãããã¢ããªãŒããã¡ããªãŒã®äžã§éç«ã£ãŠããŸãã é«ã6ã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§ã®æšãèã¿ã®åœ¢ã§æé·ããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãæ¥æ¬é¢šã®åºåã«ã¯æ¬ ãããªãåçš®ã§ãã çŸãããã®ã®äžã§æãçŸãããã®ã®å¯äžã®ããããæçœãªãã€ãã¹ã¯ãäžå€®ã®è»ç·ã«ã¯ååãªèå¯æ§ããªãããšã§ãã ãã®ã¢ãžã¢äººã¯åéšå°åã§ã®ã¿æ œå¹ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
ã«ãšããããæé·ããããã«ã¯ãåºã«æ¥åœããã®è¯ãå ŽæãŸãã¯éšåçãªæ¥é°ãæäŸããããšããå§ãããŸãã ã»ãšãã©ã®çš®ã¯åæ»ãã湿æ°ã蚱容ããªããããåå£ã¯è¥æ²ã§éæ°Žæ§ãè¯å¥œã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã 泚æã¯ãå¹²ã°ã€æã®å®æçãªæ°ŽããïŒæšèªäœã¯ç©ããã«çãæ®ããŸãããã飲é ãã®æ¬ åŠã¯ç»åã®çŸããã«çŽæ¥åœ±é¿ããŸãïŒãšç§ã®ç æ°ã®ä¹Ÿããæã®åªå®ã«åž°çããŸãã
- èµ€èã«ãšãïŒAã»ã©ã«ãã£ããŒã) æ¥æ¬ã®å±±æããæ¥ãŠããŸãã ãã®èã®äœãæšã¯äžå€«ã§ãããæãã«åŒ±ãã§ãã ç§ã®èã®è²ã¯é»ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ããã«ãŒãã€ã³ã¬ãããŸã§ã§ãã
- å¹ ã¯é«ãããã倧ããããããæç¶ã«ãšãã®åçš®ã®å€§éšåã§ãã åçã§ã¯ãéã«æ²¿ã£ãŠèµ€ãå¿ã³å¯ã£ãŠããŸã ãã¢ãããã«ãã¬ãŠã ã®è§£åãã
- ã¡ãŒãã«ã¬ãã (AãµãŒã»ã«ãã«ã ïŒãã¹ãã£ã³ãã³ã èã®æãããæ倧éã«é«ããã«ã¯ãç³ç°ãéå°ã«å«ãŸãªã湿ã£ãåå£ã®ããæ¥åœããã®è¯ãå ŽæãæäŸããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
- ã¡ãŒãã«ã¿ã¿ãŒã«ãžã³ãã« (ã«ãšã ã¿ã¿ãªã¯ã äºçš®ã ã®ã³ãã©) çŽ ãçã«å ãŸãããããªç§ã é«ã7ã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§ã®æšãšçŽåŸ8ã¡ãŒãã«ã®çå ã¯ã倪éœãšéšåçãªæ¥é°ã®äž¡æ¹ã§ããæé·ããŸãã
- ã«ãŒãªãŒã¡ã€ãã« (ã«ãšã 茪廻ïŒç§ã«ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžããã£ãèµ€ã®çŽ èã§ãã¬ã¹ã¢ããããŸãã æ€ç©ã®é«ããšå¹ ã¯æ倧5 mã§ã湿ã£ãè¥æ²ãªåå£ãšéšåçãªæ¥é°ã奜ã¿ãŸãã
- å€ãã®çš®é¡ã®ã«ãšãã§ã¯ãããã«ãµãŽã®æå®ãéåžžã«è£ 食çã§ãã äžè¬ã«ããªã³ãã¿ãŒãšåŒã°ããŠããããªã³ãã¿ãŒã¯ã颚ã«ä¹ã£ãŠé·è·é¢ãé£è¡ããŸãã
掟æãªè¡šçŽ
æããèãé£ã³åããšããããã€ãã®çš®é¡ã®ã«ãšãã¯ãè¿œå ã®è£ 食çãªããªãã·ã§ã³ãã§ããæš¹ç®ãåã°ããŸãã 圌女ã¯åœŒãã«ãšã£ãŠç°åžžã«ãã£ãããŒã§ãã ãããã£ãŠããã§ã«å€ã«ã¯ãããã«ã¹ã®ããã«èãèµ€è¶è²ã®ãã¬ãŒããç°è²ã®ã«ãšãã®å¹¹ããå¥ããå§ããŸãããå¬ã®éãã£ãšå¹¹ã«æ®ããŸãïŒåçïŒã
ã«ãšãã¯å¹¹ãæã®ç·ã®æš¹ç®ã«çœãçžæš¡æ§ãå ¥ããŸãã ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢ã«ãšãã®æš¹ç®ã¯ãç·ããã£ãçœã®è²åãã«é äºãããŸãã ã€ã·ã®åœ¢ãããã«ãšãã¯ãæã®é»è²ãŸãã¯èµ€ïŒåçš®ã«å¿ããŠïŒã®è²ãèªãããšãã§ããŸãã
- ã¡ãŒãã«ãµãŒãã³ãã£ã³ (Aæ¯çŽ°è¡ç®¡) ãã®ååãå®å šã«æ£åœåãããæšã®æš¹ç®ã¯ç·ãšçœã®çžæš¡æ§ã§ãå¡è£ ããããŠããŸãã ãããã®ãããã§ãæ€ç©ã¯äžå¹Žäžãã®è£ 食å¹æãä¿ã¡ãŸãã
- ã€ããã¢ããž (Acer japonicum) 'Aconitifolium' 解åãããéãã圫ãã®èãé æçã§ãå£ç¯ã®çµããã«ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžãšèµ€ã®ããããè²åãã§èŒããŸãã
- ã«ãšãã¯çš®é¡ãç°ãªãã°èã倧ããç°ãªããŸãã å·æ²¿ãã®ã®ã³ãã«ã«ãšãã§ã¯äž»ã« XNUMX è£ããŠããŸãã (åç)ãä»ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ XNUMX è£ãXNUMX è£ãããã«ã¯ XNUMX è£ã®å ŽåããããŸãã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãã¯ãã·ã¢äžå€®éšã§æãäžè¬çãªçš®ã§ãã
è¡ã®è·¯å°ãããäœãããé«ãæšã
ããããã«ãšãã¯ãèã®åœ¢ãè²ãæšã®ãµã€ãºãå€èŠ³ã®ç¹ã§ãããããæãå€æ§ãªäœç©ã§ãã
ä»æ¥ã¯ãåºã®æ§æã«å ¥ããããšãã§ããæãè£ é£Ÿçã§äœãã«ãšãã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®å·æ²¿ãããŸãã¯ã®ã³ãã© (Acer ginnala)ã極æ±ã®èªç¶ã®äžã§æé·ããããã§6ã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããèã¿ã圢æããŸãã åºåã§ã¯ãçŽåŸ4 mãŸã§ã®ãã³ãã®ãããªå ãšéåžžã«çµµã®ããã«ããããèãåãããèã¿ã®äœãæšã®åœ¢ã§åœ¢æãããŸãã ãã®èã¯XNUMXã€ã®èã«åãããŠããã现é·ãäžèããããç§ã«ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžããã£ãèµ€ããæ·±ãããŒã¬ã³ãã£ãŸã§ãè±å¯ãªç¯å²ã®èµ€ã®è²èª¿ãäžããŸãã ã«ã¯ã¢ããžã¯å¥œå æ§ããããæ¥é°ã®å Žæã§è²ã€ãšçŽ èã®è²ãæãããªããŸããã ãã®çš®ã¯èå¯æ§ããããæ°åãããæ¥éã«æé·ããæ£é«ªã«é©ããŠãããããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠããããçå£ãäœæã§ããŸãã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãããã©ã¿ãã¹ããã©ã¿ãã¹ (Acer platanoides)ãé«ãæšã§ãããé«ãã¯ããã»ã©å€§ãããªããèã®è²ã§åã°ããããŸããŸãªè£ 食çãªåœ¢ãéçºããŠããã販売çšã«èã«åœ¢æãããããŒã«ããããŸãã ãããã£ãŠããã®ã«ãšãã«æ³šç®ããŠãããªãã®åºã«é©ããè£ é£Ÿçãªåœ¢ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ã¿ã¿ãŒã« ã«ãšãããŸãã¯ãã©ã㯠ã«ãšãããŸãã¯ãã¯ã¬ã³ (A. tataricum)ã 圢æ åŠçç¹åŸŽã§ã¯ãã®ã³ãã«ã«ãšãã«è¿ãã§ãïŒæ€ç©åŠè ã®äžã«ã¯ããããã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã®äºçš®ãšèãã人ãããŸãïŒã å€èŠäžãèã¯äŒŒãŠããŸããããžã³ãã«ã«ãšãã§ã¯èã¯ããæ·±ãå»ã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããå æ²¢ããããŸãããã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã§ã¯èã¯ãããã§ãã ç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã®ããäžã€ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãæãã»ãŒé»ã«è¿ãæš¹ç®ã§ããããã«ãããç¹ã«ã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã¯èã¿ã®åœ¢ã§æé·ããããããã®æšãéåžžã«ç®ç«ã€ããã«ãªããŸãïŒã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã¯éåžžèã¿ã®åœ¢ã§æé·ããããããããäœæšã«ãªããŸãïŒãåºã«éªãç©ããå¬ã èªç¶çã§ã¯ããã®çš®ã¯9ã¡ãŒãã«ïŒéåžžã¯3ã4ã¡ãŒãã«ïŒã«éããããšããããŸããããžã³ãã«ã«ãšãã®ããã«ãåãããããããåºã§ã¯å°ããªæšã®åœ¢ã§åœ¢æããããããŸãã¯å®å šã«äœã - é«ãããã0,5 mããŸãã¯åçãå¹¹äžã®ããŒã«ãªã©ã®çå£ã®åœ¢ã§ïŒã®ã³ãã«ã«ãšãã圢æããããšãã§ããŸãïŒã ã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã®ã«ãšãã®è±ã泚ç®ã«å€ããŸããè±ã¯ããŒãžã¥è²ã§ãåãåéè±åºã«éããããæãéèŠãªããšã«ãçãèèã®éŠããåºãããŸãïŒã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã®ã«ãšãã¯åªããèèæ€ç©ã§ãããèèã¯æ¿ãè¶è²ã§éŠãããããŸããïŒé žã£ã±ãããïŒã ãã¯ã¬ã³ã¯çµå®æã«ãé©ããŠããŸããããã«ãµãŽã®æå®ã¯æãããã³ã¯è²ã§ãç·ã®èãèæ¯ã«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããéç«ã¡ãè±ãšééããããããšããããŸãã ãããŠãã¡ããããã®ã«ãšãã¯ç§ã«çã£èµ€ã«çŽ èããŠçŸããã§ãã
ã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã«ãšãã¯å¹²ã°ã€ã«èæ§ããããå¡©ååå£ã«èããéšåçãªæ¥é°ã§ãããè²ã¡ãéã«åŒ·ããè¡äžã§ãå¿«é©ã§ãã äžèšã§èšãã°ããã®çš®ã¯åºã®é åã«éåžžã«ææã§ãã
ã°ãªãŒã³ ã¡ãŒãã« (A. tegmentosum) ã·ããããšãåŒã°ãããã®èã¯å®éã«ã¯ã·ãããã®èã«å°ã䌌ãŠããŸãã 圌ã¯ãã·ã¢æ¥µæ±åéšãéåœãäžåœã®åºèº«ã§ãã åã®çš®ãããèãé«ãã15 mã«éããŸãããããã§ã¯æé·ã匱ããæãå®æçã«åçµããå¯èœæ§ããããããéåžžã¯äžå€®ã®è»ç·ã§ã¯é«ãæé·ããŸããã ããã«ãããããããæãæãããæã颚ããä¿è·ãããå°åãéžæããå¿ èŠããããŸãããç§ãã¡ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ãããè²ãŠãããšã¯å¯èœã§ãã ãã®çš®ã¯äž»ã«éåžžã«çŸããæš¹ç®ã®ããã«æ³šç®ã«å€ããŸããè¥ãæšã§ã¯çœã瞊çžã®ããç·è²ã§ãããå€ãæšã§ã¯çžã¯ç°è²ã«ãªããŸãã çå - ç圢ãæ¡è²ã®æ°èœãæã€
ç¹ã«æå©ã§ãïŒãæ¥ã«ã¯å€§ããªèµ€è¶è²ã®èœãæããç®ç«ã¡ãŸãã èã¯15ã€ã«è£ããŠããã倧ããïŒçŽXNUMXcmïŒãç§ã«ã¯ã¬ã¢ã³ã€ãšããŒã«ãªããŸãã é·ãåãäžãã£ããã©ã·ã§éããæšãšå°ããªãã³ã¯ããã£ãè¶è²ã®ããã«ãµãŽã®çš®ã食ããŸãã
ç·è²ã®èãããã«ãšãã¯æ¥é°ã«åŒ·ãã湿æ°ã奜ã¿ãŸãã åäžã®æ€ç©ãšããŠæ€ããŠãããã€ãã®å¹¹ãæã€åºããèã¿ãšããŠåœ¢æããã®ãæé©ã§ãã
ããäžã€ã®é åçãªå°ããªã«ãšãã«ã€ããŠèšåããªãããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã
沿海å°æ¹åéšã®èªç¶çã®ã«ãšã (A. pseudosieboldianum) ã¯ãé«ã 8 m ã«éããŸãããæé·ãéåžžã«é ããé·ãââéåªé ãªæšã®ãŸãŸã§ãã äžå€®ã®è»ç·ã§ã¯ãããã¯ããã«äœãæé·ããŸãïŒ20幎éãç§ã®å°åã§ã¯ããã®ã«ãšãã¯ãããããŠ3 mã«éããŸããïŒã æ¥ã«ã¯ãæšã¯ãããããŠéè±ããæãããèãšãèœã¡ãæéããªãã£ããã³ã¯ããã£ãèœã®é±ã§é£ŸãããŠããŸãã 次ã«ãéžæ¯ç¶ã®çžãåããå°ããªïŒæ倧8ã10 cmïŒäžžã9ã11æã®èã®æ·±ãåãåãããèã«ãããçå ã¯éãã圫ãã«ãªããŸãã ç§ã«ã¯çŽ èãçãããããªèµ€è²ã«æãŸããŸãã
ãã®çš®ã¯æ¥é°ã«éåžžã«åŒ·ããéœåžç°å¢ã«ãããèããŸãã
èã®éžæãšã«ãšãã®æ€æ œã«é¢ããäžè¬çãªæšå¥šäºé :
- æ€ç©ãããªãã®æ¡ä»¶ã«æãé©ããŠããããã«ãå°å ã®èåºã§æ€æ œææãè³Œå ¥ããŸãã çåã«åé¡ããªãããã«ã5幎ãè¶ ããèæšã¯æ¡åããªãã§ãã ããã
- éãããªãåå£ã«æ€ããŸãïŒåå£ã¯å§çž®ãããæ€ç©ã®æé·ãé»å®³ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãïŒã å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠææ°Žãè¡ããŸãã 颚ããä¿è·ãããæ€æ œå ŽæãéžæããŠãã ããïŒéã«ãšãã®å ŽåïŒã
èµ€ãã«ãšãã®è
ç§ã®è±¡åŸŽãšããããæ¥ã ãã®é®®ãããªèã¯ããã®å£ç¯ãé»éè²ãŸãã¯æ·±çŽ ã«æããŸãã
ãããŠãèãèœã¡ãåŸã¯ãç§ã®èœèã§åå£ãè±ãã«ããè¥æ²ãªèœèãäœããŸãã ãã®èŠ³è³çšæ€ç©ã¯åºã«ãã£ãããšå®çããŠããããã®å€æ§ãªåçš®ãšåºã®åœ¢åŒã¯ãŸããŸã人æ°ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã ç¹ã«ç§ãçŸå³ããã§ãã
ã®ã³ãã©ã«ãšãïŒå·æ²¿ãïŒ ãã®ç§äžçªæããå£ç¯ã èã®è²ã¯ãæãããªã¬ã³ãžããã£ãèµ€ããæ·±ã玫ã®çãããããªè²èª¿ãŸã§ããŸããŸã§ãã ããã€ãã®åºåã®åœ¢æ ã®ããã«ãµãŽã®æå®ã§ãããçã£èµ€ã§ãã ãã®ã«ãšãã¯æé·ãæ©ãã§ãã åãåãããçå£ã§åç¬ã§ããŸãã¯çœãèãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢ãã·ã¯ã«ããã©ãã¯ãã§ãŒã¯ããªãŒãã¹ãã¬ã¢ãšçµã¿åãããŠçŸããã§ãã
ãããŠææšã¯ç§»æ€ã«ããèããŸãã ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãïŒã·ã«ã¢ã¢ïŒã¯ãæããéè²ããã«ããŒã¬ãããŸã§ã®æããç§ã®è²ãæã€å€§ããªèãçŸããã§ãã 20ã25幎ãŸã§ãèæšã¯æŽ»çºã«æé·ããŸããããã®åŸãæé·ã¯å°ãããªããå®å šã«åæ¢ããŸãã åªå®ãäžæã«ããªããŸãã 10ã15æ³ãŸã§ã«ã®ã¿ç§»æ€ããããšãæãŸããã ãã©ããç ã®åœ±é¿ã匷ãåãã幎ããããŸãã
У ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã ããŸããŸãªèã®è²ãæã€å€ãã®åçš®ãšåºã®åœ¢ã å¹æçãªã®ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãã ã°ãããµã ç圢ã®ã¯ã©ãŠã³ä»ãã å€ãã®å Žåãããã¯é«ãå¹¹ã«åœ¢æãããŸãã é»è²ãèãæã€çå ã®åœ¢ã䌌ãŠããåçš®ã¯ãŽãŒã«ãã³ã°ããŒãã§ãã ãã©ã¢ã³ã㣠- çœãçžã®èã§äººæ°ããããŸãã ã·ã¥ãŒãã®å転ã芳å¯ãããã ãã®ãããªç·ã®èãä»ããæã¯ããã«åãèœãšãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
泚æ
ã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãã«ãšãã®è£ 食çãªåœ¢ã¯æ¥æšãããŠè²©å£²ãããŸãã ããã«ãããçŸããæšæºçãªæ€ç©ãå ¥æããããã€ãã®åçš®ã®èéæ§ãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã ããããæ¬ ç¹ããããŸããæ¥ãæšéšäœãæãè匱ã§ããããã§ã«æäœã«ãªã£ãæ€ç©ãæããŠããŸãããšããããããŸãã ãŸããæ¥ãæšããã«ãšãã¯å¹¹ã®åè£ã«æ©ãŸãããŸãã
ã¡ãŒãã« æšãŸãã¯äœæšãšããŠæé·ããŸãã èæšã®æŽ»çºãªæé·ã¯10æ³ãŸã§ç¶ãããã®åŸæžéããŸãã ç§ã®çŽ èã®è²ã¯é»ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã§ãã èã¯è£ 食çãªã ãã§ãªããå¬ã®éãã£ãšæã«çãŸãããšãå€ãèŠäºãªããã«ãµãŽãèŠãããŸãã åãåããããã®ãšæŽåœ¢ãããŠããªããã®ã®äž¡æ¹ã®çå£ã«åªããŠããŸãã
ã°ã¬ãŒã ããã ç圢ã®ã¯ã©ãŠã³ãå¹¹ã«ãã䌌åããŸãã ç§ã®çŽ èã®è²ã¯æ¿ãé»è²ã§ãã
ãµããŠã«ãšãïŒã·ã«ããŒïŒ 家系å³ãã€ãŸã家系å³ã®åœ¹å²ã«é©ããŠããŸãã éç·è²ã®èãšæ©ãæé·ãç¹åŸŽã§ãã 颚ã«ã¯åŒ·ãã§ããã匷ãçªé¢šãæ°·ãå¹ããšå£ããããæãæããŠããŸããŸãã åºãçãå Žåã¯ãåãæ ªã«æ€ããããšã§æé·ãæããããšãã§ããŸãã
ã©ã·ãã¿ã - åãäžãã£ãã¯ã©ãŠã³åœ¢ç¶ã èã¯åŒ·ãè£ããŠãããç§ã«ã¯é»è²ã«å€ãããŸãã
У ãã©ãããå å¹ åºã®ãã©ãããåã®çå ã®åœ¢ç¶ã ã·ãŒãã®è£åŽã¯ã»ãŒçœã§ãã ç§ã®çŽ èã®è²ã¯é»è²ã§ãã
ãã€ãã©ã®ããã«ã«ãšããæ€ããã®ã§ããïŒ
ã«ãšãã®èæšã¯ç§ã«XNUMXææ«ããäºåã«æºåããããããã«æ€ããããŸãã æ¥å ã«æ°èœã移æ€ããç§ã®æ€ãä»ãã«åããŠå±€ãäœããç§ã«åã£ãæšè³ªåããæ¿ãæšãé¢ã«æ€ããŸãã æ ¹ã®çåçãé«ããããã«ããããã®åºãããã»ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æ€ãããšããè¥æã¯é©çšãããŸããããå¹¹ã®èŒªã¯å è¥ã§ãã«ãã³ã°ãããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®è²çš®ã®ç¹åŸŽ
ã¡ãŒãã« çš®åãæ°èœãå±€ç¶åãããã«æªãæ¿ãæšã«ãã£ãŠããç¹æ®ããŸãã æ ¹ç³»ã¯è¡šé¢çãªãã®ã§ãã
ã®ã³ãã© ã¡ãŒãã« - çš®åãæ ¹ã®èœããŸãã«æ¿ãæšã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšã æ é€ç¹æ®ããããšãã§ããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãçš®ã®åœ¢æ ã§ã¯éæšæãæãèµ·ãããããŸãã¯æ°ãã«åç©«ããçš®åïŒå¬ãŸãïŒã«ãã£ãŠç¹æ®ããŸãã çºèœçãåäžããŠãããããç©æ¥µçãªèªå®¶æçš®ãå¯èœã§ãã ç¹ã«çš®ã®æ€ç©ã§ã¯ããã§ããã
© èè ïŒã¯ã»ãã¢ã»ã¯ã«ã°ããŽã¡å士ãã€ãªã«ã ç§åŠãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã èè ã®åç
ã¡ãŒãã«ã®çš®é¡ - ãããª
©èè ïŒA. MIKHALEVAãã©ã³ãã¹ã±ãŒããã¶ã€ããŒ
ãããã¯ã®ä»ã®ãšã³ããªã®äžã« "Dachaãšåº - èªåã®æã§"
- ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã²ãããããããã³ã«ãµãã®æé· - ç§ã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒ
- åºã§ã³ã±ã¢ã¢ãè²ãŠãæå-ç§ã®ãã³ããšæ€æ œãšã±ã¢ã®çµéš
- ãµã³ããªãŒ - åçãšèª¬æãæ œå¹ãšæå ¥ããäœã調çãããïŒ
- ã€ã«ã¬ïŒçš®ãšåçš®ïŒåçãšè§£èª¬ïŒ
- ãã·ã¢ã®ã¹ã€ã«ã®æ œå¹ - ãã³ãåºåž«
- ã¿ãã³ã®æ œå¹æ¹æ³ïŒæ€ãä»ããšã±ã¢ã æšå¥šåçš®
- ãã¿ããããã¿ãããã·ãã°ã¯ã®æ€ç©ã®æ œå¹ïŒåçïŒ
- ã¹ããã¢ïŒåçïŒïŒçš®åããã®æ œå¹
- ãªã¬ã¬ãïŒåçïŒ - æ€æ œãšã±ã¢ãæ€ç©ã®äœ¿çš
- ããã³ã¯ã¢ã¶-ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«ããã£-æ€ãä»ããšã±ã¢
ã°ã«ãŒãã®ã¢ããããŒãã賌èªããŠå ±æããŠãã ããã
å人ã«ãããïŒ
#
8幎åã®15æãç§ã¯è¥æ²ã§éæ°æ§ã®ããåå£ã®ãããããã«æ¥é°ã®å ŽæïŒå€ªéœã«åœãããšèã«èŠèŠããçŒãè·¡ãçŸããïŒã«èµ€ãã«ãšãã®èæšãæ€ããŸããã æ€ãç©Žã®åºã«ç ç³ã®ææ°Žå±€ã20 cmã®å±€ã§çœ®ããæ¥ãXNUMXææ«ã«æšã«è€éãªããã©ã«è¥æïŒæ瀺ã«åŸã£ãŠïŒãäžããè¡ççã«è¡ããŸãåªå®ã å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠæ°ŽããããŸãïŒæ€ç©ããšã«çŽXNUMXãXNUMXãªããã«ã®èœã¡çããæ°ŽïŒã ã¬ããã«ãšããæãæããè£ é£Ÿçã§ãïŒãµããŒã¬ãããã¯ãªã ãŸã³ãã³ã°ããªã¯ããŒããŒã°ããŒãªãŒãããã©ãã¢ãŒã ã¹ããã³ã°ã
#
ç¥äººã¯åœŒå¥³ã®èŠçãè³è³ããŠããŸãã ããããè£ é£Ÿæ§ã®ããŒã¯ã¯å€ã®çµããããç§ã®å§ãŸãã«åœããã端ãæåã«ããã³ãºã«å€ããã次ã«è²ãæ·±çŽ ã«å€ãããŸãã ãã®å¥è·¡ã®æ€ç©ã¯ãã€æ€ããããšãã§ããäœãèæ ®ã«å ¥ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã?
#
- 確ãã«ãã ã¯ããã¢ããŸãã¯ã«ãšãã®èã¯ãé«ã 15 ïœ 30 cm ã®å£®èŠ³ãªå€å¹Žèã§ãäžåœåç£ã§ãã éåžžã«ãã£ãããšæé·ããŸãã M. Ross (Mukdenia rossii) ãš acantholiate (M. acanthifolia) ã¯ããã«ããšéªã®å±€ã®äžã®äžå€®ã®è»ç·ã§ããå¬ãéãããŸãã ãããã誰ãã奜ããªåçš®ã§ããã¯ãªã ãŸã³ ãã¡ã³ (ãããã°ãšãåŒã°ããŸã) ã¯äžå®å®ã§ãã·ã§ã«ã¿ãŒãå¿ èŠã§ãã
æ€ç©ã¯ããµãããªãŒãšäœæšãããæ¥é°ãšåæ¥é°ã®å Žæã奜ã¿ãŸãã
å è¥ãšè æ€åïŒ3ïŒ1ïŒ1ïŒãå ããè¥æ²ãªããŒã ãŸãã¯ç 質ããŒã åå£ãé©ããŠããŸãã 軜ãç å£åã§ã¯ãå°éºŠç²ã也ç¥ã«èããããªããããæ ¹ã®éšåã«æ°Žåãæ®ãããã«ããããã®åºã«å°éã®ç²åã泚ãããšããå§ãããŸãã
åéã®åŸãæ¥ã«æ ¹èãæ€ããŸãã
ãšããã§
æ©ã段éïŒXNUMXæããXNUMXæã®åãïŒã«æ€ç©ãè³Œå ¥ãããã§ã«èµ·ããŠããå Žåã¯ãé¢ã«æ€ããŸãã æ ¹çã也ããªãããã«ãå°ããã€æ°ŽããããŸãã æ ¹èã®è æãé²ãããšãéèŠã§ãã
XNUMXææ«ã«ãªãŒãã³ã°ã©ãŠã³ãã«ç§»åã æ€ãä»ãåŸãååã«æ°ŽããŸããæ³¥çããããããèèã§åãèŠããŸãã
å€ã®éã¯ãåå£æ°Žåã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã å¬ã«ãªãåã«ãã ã¯ããã¢ããã£ãããšæ ¹ä»ããŠæé·ããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
XNUMX幎ç®ã«åºãŠããè±èãåãé€ããŸãã
#
ç§ãã¡ã®è¡ã§ããã®ç§ãã«ãšãã®èã«é»ãäžžãæç¹ãäžæã«çŸããŸããã ãã®ç æ°ã¯äœã§ãã? ããã¯ã©ããããæšãè ããã®ã§ããããïŒ åºã®é£ã«ã«ãšããçããŠããå Žåãææš¹ã«ãšã£ãŠå±éºã§ãã?
ãšã¬ãã»ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¯
#
- åçã§ã¯ããªãºã ãšåŒã°ããèã®æç¹ã ãã®èã¯ã«ãšãã®ã¿ã«çºçããŸãã ãªã³ãŽã®æšã梚ããã®ä»ã®ææš¹ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯å®å šã«å®å šã§ãã
ãªãä»å¹Žãã®ç æ°ãããã»ã©å€§éã«çºçããã®ã§ããããïŒ ã©ããããããªãã®å°åã§ã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ãšã£ãŠå¥œãŸããæ¡ä»¶ãæŽã£ãŠããããã§ãã ç åäœãå«ããã¹ãŠã®çç©ã®é·ãç涯ã«ã¯ããã®æ°ãå¢å ããææãšæžå°ããææããããŸãã ãããŠãé©åãªç¶æ³äžã§ãæææ§ã®ã¹ããã¯ãå幎ãããèç©ãããšãç æ°ã®ã¢ãŠããã¬ã€ã¯ãçºçããŸãã å€ã«ã¯ãç·ã®èæ¯ã®é»ãæç¹ã¯é»è²ã»ã©ç®ç«ããªãããã網èçã®å åã¯ã»ãšãã©ç®ç«ã¡ãŸããã§ããã
äœãã¢ããã€ã¹ããã°ããã§ããããïŒ ç æ°ã®èããã¹ãŠåç©«ããå è¥ã®å¥¥æ·±ãã«XNUMX幎éãŸãã¯å°¿çŽ ïŒãŸãã¯è¥æïŒãæ··ããŠXNUMX幎éåããŸãã ããäžã€ã®éžæè¢ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®ãŽããçããããšã§ãã ããã¯ãåºãã«ãšããè²ã€æµã§å²ãŸãããšãªã¢ã®è£åŽã§ã®ç æ°ã®ææã¹ããã¯ãæžããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
Julia KONDRATENOKãè²çš®æ€ç©ç çåŠè ãå士å·èŸ²åŠ
#
ããäœå¹Žãã®éãé åçã§ããã°ããããªããã«ãŠã§ãŒ ã«ãšã ã°ãããµã (Acer platanoides Globosum) ãç§ã®åºã§è²ã£ãŠããŸãã å€ã«ã¯ãã¬ã¯ãªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãªã¢ã«æ¥é°ãæäŸããŸãã åºã§äžçæžåœåããåŸããã¹ãŠã®å®¶åºã¯ããã®ãã³ãã«åº§ã£ãŠãå¹³åãšå€¢ã楜ããã®ã倧奜ãã§ãã ç¹ã«ç§ã¯çŸãããé»è²ããªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®çŽ èãå¿ãããŸã§çºããããšãã§ããŸãã 矜æ¯ã®ããã²ã¹ããæšã«ç¡é¢å¿ã§ã¯ãããŸãããäžå¹Žäžãã€ã§ãã圌ãã¯å¯éããæš¹å ã®äžã«é¢šéšããã®é¿é£æãšæããèŠã€ããŸãã
ã°ãããºã ã¯ãK. holly ã®ç圢ã§ãã éåžžãååã®ã«ãšãçš®ã«æ¥ãæšãããŸãã æšã¯å¹¹ã§æã壮芳ã«èŠããŸããç§ã¯æ¥ãæšé«ã2,5ã¡ãŒãã«ãæã£ãŠããŸãããã°ãã°è±ã®æ œå¹è ã¯åè«ããããŠãã®ãããªæšæ¬ãããã¥ãããã£ãã¹ããšåŒã³ãŸãã ã°ãããºã ã®çå ã¯ãç涯ãéããŠãã®ã³ã³ãã¯ããªããã£ããããç¶æããåºæ¬çãªãã¢ã«ãããå¿ èŠãšããŸããã ãããã幎霢ãšãšãã«å¹ ãåºããªããå°ãäžãã£ãŠããããã«èŠããŸãã ä»åã¯æ©è¡ã®éªéã«ãªããªãããã«äžã®æãåãèœãšããŸããã
è¿å¹Žãç§ã¯ãµãããªãŒãšããŠã®èªå·±æçš®ãçºèŠããŸããã
è¥ãåã®æé·ãèŠå®ã£ãŠããéãã芪ã®åœ¢ãåŒãç¶ãå¯èœæ§ã¯äœãã§ãã çµå±ã®ãšãããã°ãããºã ã«ãšãã¯æ¥ãæšã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿ç¹æ®ã§ããåäžãªè¥ãå°æšã®æšãéžæããæé èªäœãå°éçã«å®è¡ããŸãã ãããŠãåèžåºã§æ¢è£œã®ããã¥ãããã£ãã¹ãã®èãè³Œå ¥ããæ¹ãç°¡åã§ãã
ãªã«ã¬ã»ãããã£ããæ€ç©åé家
#
ãã©ã«ã¹ã·ãã«ãã¡ã€ãã«
ã€ããã¢ããžå¥œãã«ã¯ããŸããªãæ€ç©ã§ãã å€åœäººã®å åŒãšåãæèãæã£ãŠããŸãã ç§ã«ãªããšé»è²ããªããèèãèµ€ããªããŸãã
人çã®æåã®æ°å¹Žéãç§ã®ã«ãšãã¯ã»ãšãã©æé·ããŸããã§ãããåºã®æ¡ä»¶ã«é©å¿ããã®ã«æéãå¿ èŠã§ãã 3幎ç®ããããã¯ãããã«å¢å ãå§ããŸãã-çŽ30cmã5幎ç®ä»¥éããã®èœã¯70cmã«éããçåŸ9幎ç®ã«ã«ãšãã¯ããªãå ã ãšãããã³ãµã ãªç·ã«å€ãããŸããã å¬ã«ã¯èœãåããªããªããŸããã以åã¯å±æ ¹ã®äžã§ãåãããšããããŸããã
æ¯å¹Žæ©ç§ã«ãªããšã圌女ã¯ãããã®ããã«ãå°å±ãã建ãŠãŸãããæ€ç©ã®åšãã«è£åŒ·æã眮ããéã®æ£ãããŒãã§çµã³ããã®äžã«é«å¯åºŠã®äžç¹åžã§ã§ããæ¢è£œã®ã«ããŒã眮ãããããæšã§çµã³ãŸãããäžã«ã¯ããŒãã
#
ç§ã®åºã§ã¯ããã«ãŠã§ãŒ ã«ãšã (Acer platanoides) ãçããŠããŸããããã¯ãç圢ã®å ãæã€å¹¹ã«ãèãåæã« XNUMX è²ãŸã㯠XNUMX è²ã«ãªãçããæšã§ãã
ã¹ããã¯ãšããŠãç§ã¯æãè¿ã森ã®ç«¯ããæãåºããäžè¬çãªãã°ã䜿çšããŸããïŒèæšãã²ã€ã«æ»ãããŠããXNUMX幎åŸã«ãæäœããéå§ããã®ãæåã§ãïŒã ããªãã®ãµã€ãã«ãã§ã«ãã®ãããªã«ãšãã®æšãããå Žåã¯ãè©ŠããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
æ¥æšã«ã¯ã°ãããµã ïŒGlobosumïŒãšãã€ã€ã«ã¬ããïŒãã€ã€ã«ã¬ããïŒã®XNUMXåçš®ã䜿çšããŸããã XNUMXã€ç®ã¯ãåªå®ãå¿ èŠãšããªãå¯ãªç圢ã®å ãšãç§ã«é»ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®èãæã¡ãŸãã XNUMXçªç®ã®ãã®ã¯æé·æãéããŠæ¿ã玫è²ãä¿ã¡ãŸãã
50æäžæ¬ã«ïŒåœå¹Žã®ïŒç·ã®æ°èœã«æ€ãä»ããŸãã 60ãæã«è èïŒãç®ãïŒãä»ããŠèœãåºãæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšã ç¿å¹Žã®æ¥ãæ¥ãæšãããæ°èœã¯XNUMXãXNUMXã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«æé·ããXNUMXæã«ã¯æšã¯çããè²ã§æ³šç®ãéãå§ããŸããã
ç§ãã¡ã®å°åã®å€ã®åŸåã¯éšãå€ãã6æã«ã¯èã«ãã©ããç ã®å åãçŸããŸããã ãã«ããŒæ··åç©ã§åŠçããåŸïŒèª¬ææžã«åŸã£ãŠïŒãããã¯æ¶ããŸããã ç§ã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠãnoXNUMXeiã§ãèœã®XNUMXçªç®ã®ãã¢ã«ççž®ãããŸãã - ããã¯å°æ¥ã®æš¹å ã®åœ¢æã®æåã®æ®µéã§ããã
ç¿å¹Žããã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãã®å¥ã®åçš®ã§ãããã©ã¢ã³ãã£ãæ€ç©ã®å ã«æ¥ãæšãããéåžžã«è£ 食çãªã¯ãªãŒã è²ã®çœãå¢çç·ãæã€ç·ã®èãä»ããããŸããã
#
äžéšæ§æã®ã«ãšã (Acer buergerianum)
説æã äžåœæ±éšåç£ã®èœèé«æšã èã¯8ã€ã«è£ããŠãããé·ãã¯XNUMXcmã«ããªããç§ã«ã¯èµ€ã¿ã垯ã³ãŸãã
蟲æ¥æè¡ã 宀å æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¯ãèœèæš¹ã¯èœèæš¹ã®ãŸãŸã§ãããæ¥ã®æš¹æ¶²ã®æµããå§ãŸãåã«ã裞ã®æã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãã®ãããªçæ œãåãããšããå§ãããŸãã è¥ãèœã®é€å»ã¯èœèæš¹ã®æŽ»çºãªæé·æã§ããå€ã«è¡ãããæåã¯æ°èœãããæé·ããŸãã k. ã®äžéšæ§æã®çæ œãæ œå¹ããå Žåã¯ã宀å æ¡ä»¶ã§èã®ãµã€ãºãå°ããããããã«å®å šãªå€ªéœã«ããããŸãã ãŸããæã掻çºãªæ¥ã®æé·ãå§ãŸãåã«ãæ°ããèãå°ããæé·ããããã«èã®äžéšãåãé€ããŸãã åçã
çš®åã«ãã£ãŠç¹æ®ããŸãã 䜿çšæ³ã äžåœã ãã§ãªãæ¥æ¬ã§ãçè²ããå€ãããçæ œæåã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããåªå®ãèãæžããæè¡ã«é©ããŠããŸãã ã«ãšãã¯äžéšæ§æã§äžå€«ã§ããããããã®ãããªçæ œã¯ãã·ã¢ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ãè¿œå ã®æåãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããŸãã ããããèŸæ±ããŠãã ãããããããã®çæ œã¯ãæ œå¹éå§ããããã15幎åŸã«æ倧ã®è£ 食æ§ã«éããŸãã
#
ç§ã¯ã«ãšããçš®ããè²ãŠãŠããŸãããå€ã®çµããã«èª°ããè¥ãæ€ç©ããããããå§ããŸããã ã«ãšãã³ããžã©ãã ãšèšãããŸããã 殺èå€ãåŽé§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã åŸã§ååŠåå¿ã«é ŒããªããŠãæžãããã«ããã®çºçãé²ãæ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸãã?
#
- æè«ãæ€ç©ã«èå³ãæããªãããã«ããã«ã¯ããŸã第äžã«ã匷ã氎浞ããé¿ããŠé©åã«æ°Žãããå¿ èŠããããŸãã å®æçã«åå£ãç·©ããçéžå Žæãèšç»çã«é€èããåããããçŠç€«ãé€å»ããé©æã«çŠç€«ãæ€ããŸãã äžè¬ã«ãé©åãªã±ã¢ãçµç¹ããŸãã
ç³é¹žæ°Žã®æµãã®äžã§æ€ç©ãæŽãããšãã§ããŸãã ããã¯æŽæ¿¯ç³é¹žãŸãã¯è¬ç©ãã°ãªãŒã³ãœãŒãããã調補ãããŸã - ããã¯äººéã«ãšã£ãŠå®å šãªæ¥è§Šæ®ºè«å€ã§ãã æŽæ¿¯ç³é¹ž200gã10ãªããã«ã®æž©æ°Žã«æº¶ãããŸãã ãã°ãªãŒã³ãœãŒããïŒ40ã50 gïŒã1ãªããã«ã®æ²žéš°ããã湯ã«æº¶ãããå·åŽããŸãã èã®äžéšã«ç¹ã«æ³šæããŠãæ€ç©ã培åºçã«æŽããŸãã
#
ã«ãšãã¯æ¿ãæšã§å¢ããŸããããããšãæ¥æšã ãã§å¢ããŸãã?
#
ã¡ã€ãã«ã®æ¿ãæšãå¯èœã§ãã æ¿ãæšã¯20æããXNUMXæã«é·ãXNUMXcmã«åããå¬ã®éã¯åžãŸãã¯åçŽã«å ãã ç¶æ ã§åºïŒã·ã£ãã«ã®éå£ã®äžïŒã«æ»ŽäžããŸãã ããªã³ããã¯å¯ã枩宀ã§è¡ãã®ãæé©ã§ãã ãããŠæ¥ïŒXNUMXæïŒã«ã¯å®¶ã®äžã®é¢ã«æ ¹ã匵ãããšãã§ããŸãã
2æã«ã¯ããã£ãã·ã¥ãããæ¿ãæšãåãåºãããšãå¯èœã§ãã åºã«ã軜ãåå£ïŒæ³¥çãšç - 1ïŒ1ãŸãã¯1ïŒXNUMXïŒã®å ¥ã£ã容åšãèœãšãããã®äžã«æ ¹ã匵ããŸãã ãã³çãã®å Žæã¯ãå¹¹ããé¢ããæšãèã®é«ãäœæšã®éãã圫ãã®æ¥é°ã§éžæãããŸãã 容åšã«ã¯ãç ãšæ··ããéæ°Žæ§åæ··åç©ã XNUMX åã® XNUMX ãŸãã¯åå (ç²å質åå£ã®å Žå) ã§æºããããŸãã
ããäžè¬çãªç¹æ®æ¹æ³
æ¥ïŒXNUMXæããXNUMXæäžæ¬ïŒã«ãè£ é£Ÿçãªåœ¢ã®èœãŸãã¯æ¿ãæšããåãçš®ãŸãã¯è¿çžçš®ã®ããèå¯æ§ãããæé·ã®æ©ãå°æšã«æ¥ãæšãããŸãã
çš®åã®ç¹æ®ã®ããã«ãããã«ãµãŽã®çš®åã¯ç§ã«åéãããåå£ã«æçš®ãããŸãã ãµããŠã«ãšãã倧èã«ãšããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãšããæ¥æ¬ã«ãšãããã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšããããã³äžéšã®ã¬ããã«ãšãã¯å¬ã®éå¬ç ããå€ãæãããªããšããã«èœãåºããŸãã ãããã®çš®ã®å Žåãäœæž©æå±€ã¯æ¥éãªçºèœã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãã ããå¬ã®éã¯çš®åã涌ããéšå±ãŸãã¯å·èµåº«ïŒ+ 2ã5床ïŒã«çœ®ããŠããããšããå§ãããŸãã ããã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãŸãã¯ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã®ã«ãšãã®çš®åã®å Žåã¯+ 5床ãå¿ èŠã§ãèµ€ãã«ãšãã®çš®åã®å Žåã¯æ£ç¢ºã«+ 3床ãå¿ èŠã§ãã ä»ã®çš®é¡ã®ã«ãšãã¯ããŸã奜ãå«ãããããŸããã 4æã«çš®åã浞ããåµåãããåºã«æ·±ãçŽXNUMXcmã«æçš®ããŸãã
ãã¿ãªã¢ã»ã·ã§ãŽã£ã¬ã
#
ç§ã®ååºã¯ããžã³ãã«ã«ãšãããŸãã¯å·æ²¿ãã®éåžžã«èŠäºãªæšã§é£ŸãããŠããŸãã ã®äž
極æ±ãäžåœãéåœãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãåºãæšã«æé·ããããšããããŸããããšãŒãããã§ã¯äœæšã§ãã
å·ã®ã«ãšãã®äž»ãªé åã¯ãã®èã«ãããŸãã ãšãŒãããã®ã«ãšããããå°ããããã¿ãŒã³ãç°ãªããŸããæ·±ãåã蟌ã¿ãXNUMX ã€ã®èããããäžå€®ã®èãé·ããªããŸãã æ¥ãšå€ã«ã¯ãèã¯æ¿ãç·è²ã§å æ²¢ããããç§ã«ã¯æåã«é»è²ã«å€ããã次ã«éãç·è²ã«ãªããŸãã å€ã«ã¯ãè¿œå ã®è£ 食ã¯ãæåã«ç·ããã£ãé»è²ã®è±ã®ãã©ã·ã次ã«ãã³ã¯ã®ããã«ãµãŽã®æå®ã§ãã
ãžã³ãã«ã«ãšãã¯è€éãªã±ã¢ãå¿ èŠãšããã移æ€åŸã«æ £ããŠãããããéåžžã«é·ãçããŸãã æããã溶ããæ°Žã§æµžæ°Žããªããããã«é©ããå Žæãããã«éžæããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
æšã®èã¿ãè£ é£Ÿçãªå¹æãç¶æããã«ã¯ãäœåãªæé·ãåãé€ãã3ã4æ¬ã®äž»å¹¹ã®ã¿ãæé·ãããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒååãšããŠãXNUMXã€ã®å¹¹ã«åœ¢æã§ããŸãïŒã ã®ã³ãã«ã«ãšãã¯åœ¢æçãªåªå®ã«ããèããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯çæ œæåã§ãããæ œå¹ãããŠããŸãã
#
ã«ãšãã¯éåžžå¬ã®çµããããæ¥ã«ãããŠåªå®ãããŸãããXNUMXæã®ä»ãææšãåãããšã¯å¯èœã§ããããïŒ
#
ã¡ãŒãã«ã¯åªæã«éåžžã«é©ããŠãããæš¹å ããããŸããŸãªåœ¢ã圢æããããåªæãããå¢çç·ãçãå£ãããŸããŸãªæšæºçãªåœ¢ç¶ãäœæãããã§ããŸãã
å¬ã®çµãããæ¥å ã«ã暹液ã®æµããå§ãŸãåã«ãéåžžãäœåãªæã亀差ããæãæå·ããæããŸãã¯ä¹Ÿç¥ããæãåãé€ãããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®åãåãã«ã¯ãèããªãæš¹å ãã¯ã£ãããšèŠããå¬ã®æ¹ãé©ããŠããŸãã
ã«ãšãã®åœ¢æåªå®ã¯ä»ããXNUMXæäžæ¬ãŸã§è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã ãã®åŸãæ€ç©ãå¯ãææã«åããæ©äŒãæã€ããšã¯æãŸãããããŸããã
ã«ãããããšãã¯ç¯åºŠãå¿ããªãã§ãã ãããäžå¿ èŠã«ã«ããããªãæ¹ãããã§ãããã ã«ããç®æã¯å¿ ãåŠçããŠãã ããã
#
ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯å°æ¹ã«ã¯ã©ã®ãããªçš®é¡ã®ã«ãšããæ ¹ä»ãããšãã§ããŸããïŒ ã©ãã«æ€ããŠãã©ã®ããã«äžè©±ãããã°ããã§ããïŒ
#
ã¡ãŒãã«ã®åçš®ã¯çŽ150çš®é¡ãããŸãã ãããã«åºã¥ããŠãç°åžžãªè²ã®èãšããŸããŸãªçå ã®åœ¢ãæã€èšå€§ãªæ°ã®åçš®ãäœæãããŸããã ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯å°åã§ã¯ããã«ãŠã§ãŒ ã¡ãŒãã«ãã«ãŒã« ã¡ãŒãã«ããã©ã«ã¹ ã·ãã«ã ã¡ãŒãã«ãã®ã³ãã© ã¡ãŒãã«ã®åçš®ããå§ãããŸãã
ãã«ãŠã§ãŒã«ãšãã®åçš®ãã¯ãªã ãŸã³ãã³ã°ããšããã¡ãã»ã³ãºãã©ãã¯ãã¯æ¥ããç§ã«ãããŠçŽ«è²ã®èãæã¡ãŸãããããã©ã¢ã³ãã£ãã¯èã®çžã«çœãçžåãããããŸãã ãããã®åçš®ã¯äžå€®ã®è»ç·ã§ããè²ã¡ãèé°æ§ããããŸãã
ã®ã³ãã©ã«ãšãã¯éåžžã«é åçã§ã - é«ã5ã¡ãŒãã«ãŸã§ã®å°ããªæšãŸãã¯äœæšã§ãå€ã«ã¯æãããã³ã¯ã®ããã«ãµãŽã®çš®ã§é£Ÿãããç§ã«ã¯çãããããªèµ€ãèã食ãããŸãã ãã®çš®ã¯å¥œå æ§ãèéæ§ããããåå£ãžã®èŠæ±ãäœãã移æ€ã«ããèããè±å¯ãªèœãäžããŸãã äœåªæããŒããŒã®äœæã«é©ããŠããŸãã
ãã¯ãŒãåçš®ããã¥ã©ã³ããã¯ãŒããã®é«ãã¯50ã60 cmã«éãããã®èã®ç§ã®è²ã¯ãã¬ãŒã åçš®ã®ããã«éåžžã«æããã§ãã ã«ãŒãªãŒã¡ãŒãã«ã¯-26âãŸã§ã®éã«èããŸãã éåžžã«å¯ãå¬ã«ã¯ãäžå¹Žçã®æ°èœãåã£ãŠããŸããŸãã ç®æ§ã®äžžãåçš®ããªãã«ãžã§ã ãããã¢ã³ããŒããããã·ãã£ãã¯ãã¡ã€ã¢ããããã玫è²ã®æãšèå³æ·±ã圢ã®èãæã£ãŠããŸãã éåžžã«è£ 食çãªåœèã«ãšãã®èã èé°æ§ããããæ°Žã¯ãã®è¯ãåå£ã§ã®ã¿éåžžçè²ããŸãã 7ã11èã®èãæã€éåžžã«çŸããã€ããã¢ããžã®èæšã販売ãããŠããŸãã 確ãã«ãããã¯ãã·ã¢ã®æå端ã§ã®ã¿é åã«äŸ¡å€ããããŸãã
ç°èã«ãšãããŸãã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãšãã¯ãæšã®äžã®æ¬ç©ã®éèã§ãã æé·ã¯éåžžã«æ©ãã§ãããããã«è£ 食å¹æã倱ããé·çãããŸããã ãããããã®çš®ã«ã¯éåžžã«è£ 食çãªåçš®ããã©ãã³ãŽãããããŸã-5ã7èã®èãæã€äœæšãŸãã¯å°ããªæšãèç·è²ã«çœãã³ã¯ã®çžåããŸãã¯æç¹ããããŸãã ãã®åçš®ã¯èå¯æ§ããããŸãããäžå€®ã®è»ç·ã«ããè¥ãæªçãªèœãåçµããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ã»ãšãã©ã®ã«ãšãã¯åå£ã®æ°Žåå«æéãèŠæ±ãã颚ã«åŒ·ããç¹ã«æããå Žæã§æ©ãæé·ããŸãã æ¥ã«æ€ãä»ããŸãã è¥ãæšã«æ°Žããããåšå²ã®åå£ãç·©ããå¹¹ã®èŒªã®éèãç Žå£ããŸãã å¬ã®éãèã®æ ¹å ã¯ããŠãã®æã§èŠãããŸãã
#
æã®ã²ãç¶ã®ã«ãšãïŒæç¶ã®ã«ãšãïŒã¯ããŸãã§æ±æŽã®åœ«å»ãã掟çãããããªåªé ãªæšã§ãç§ã«ã¯çã£èµ€ã«çŽ èããŸãã èªç¶çã§ã¯ããã®ã«ãšãã¯äžåœãæ¥æ¬ãéåœã«çããŠããŸãã 極æ±ã®ãã¹ãŠã®äººã ãšåæ§ã«ããã®æšã«ã¯ç¹å¥ãªæ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã 倧人ã®ã«ãšããããã«è³Œå ¥ããªãã§ãã ããããããã©ã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ã§æé·ããã©ã®ããã«é©å¿ã§ãããã¯äžæã§ãã èãæ€ããŠçŸå°ã®æ°åã«æ £ãããæ¹ãè¯ãã§ãããã å Žæãéžã¶ãšãã¯ããã¡ã³ã«ãšãã¯å€§ããªæšã«æé·ããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã éåžžããã®é«ãã¯1,5 mãè¶ ããŸããããåªå®ã«ãã£ãŠããã³ã³ãã¯ããªåœ¢ç¶ãç¶æããããšãã§ããŸãã ç§ã¯ãèã®é«ãäœæšãã©ã€ã©ãã¯ããžã£ã¹ãã³ã®åã®èçã«ãã¡ã³ã«ãšããæ€ããŸããã ç§ã«ã¯ãæ±æŽã®ãã³ãµã ãªæããç·è²ã®ã€ã·ã®æšããæ¿ãç·è²ã®èãèæ¯ã«ããŠç¹ã«å£®èŠ³ã§ãã
ã«ãšããèçã®çãäžãªã©ã®ç©ºãå°ã«æ€ããå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸããã ãã®æ€ç©ã¯éšåçãªæ¥é°ã奜ã¿ãŸãã ãã®æšã¯è æ€è³ªãè±å¯ãªåŒ±é žæ§ã®åå£ãšæ¹¿æ°ã奜ã¿ãŸãã
çå€ããã¯ãæšæã®æçã確å®ã«ããããã«çªçŽ æœè¥ãåæ¢ããã«ãªãŠã ãªã³ã®æœè¥ãéå§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ããã§ãã€ã³ãã®å€ãæ°èœã®æé·ãåŒãèµ·ãããå Žåã¯ãããããçãããå¿ èŠããããŸãã æ¥ã«å šé¢åªå®ãè¡ããŸãã
#
ã¡ã€ãã«ãããªãã¯ç§ã®æ¥æ¬äººã§ã
ã€ããã¢ããžã¯ãšãŠãè£ é£Ÿçã«èŠããŸãã ç·ãã¯ã€ã³ã¬ãããé»è²ãæ¿ãã€ã³ã¯ã§æããã圫å»ãããèã¯å°è±¡çã§ãã ãŸããçè²ç¶æ³ãææã«ããèã®è²ãç°ãªãå ŽåãããããŸãã
ããŸããŸãªåçš®ã®ã€ããã¢ããžã¯2ã8 mãŸã§æé·ããŸãããããã¯åéšã®æ€ç©ã§ãããããåéšå°åã®å€ã®å¥èã§ã¯ããŸãäžè¬çã§ã¯ãããŸããã ã¡ãŒãã«ã¯-20°ãŸã§ã®éã«èããããšãã§ããŸãããå¬ã®å¯ãã®åã«ãã¬ãŒã ãæ§ç¯ããåºã®ããªãŒã¹ãŸãã¯ãã®ä»ã®é©åãªçŽ æã§èŠãããŠããã°ãããäœã枩床ã«ãèããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããç§ãæ°å¹Žåã«è³Œå ¥ãããã³ã«ãœã³ã€ããã«ãšããä¿åããæ¹æ³ã§ãã è¥èãæ¥ã®éãæããã®ã§ããããæ¢ããŸã§æããé¿é£å Žæã«çœ®ããŠãããŸãã
ãã®æšã¯è¥æ²ãªåå£ãæ¥åœããã®è¯ãå Žæã奜ã¿ãŸãã æ°Žã®åæ»ã¯èš±å®¹ãããªããããææ°Žãå¿ èŠã§ãã æ¥ã«ã¯ãæšã®äžã§åãæµ ãã»ããã100 gã®è€åè¥æã泚ãããã®äžã«æ³¥çãšæšæãããã泚ããŸãã ç§ã«ããã«ãã³ã°ãããŸãããè¥æã¯è¿œå ããŸããã æšã«ã¯åªå®ã¯ã»ãšãã©å¿ èŠãªããããèªäœãçŸããå ã圢æããŸãã å·ãã æã ããåããŸããã 也ç¥ããå€ã«ã¯ãã«ãšãã«ãã£ã·ããšæ°ŽããããŸãã æãããã«å¿ããŠã圌ã¯èªåã®åªé ãªçŸãããåã°ããŸãã